Anxiety In Society Research Articles

From the Socio-Psychological Aspects of Digitalization to the Reflection of the Nature of the Word Phenomenon

In connection with the ongoing processes of social transformation, informatization and digitalization, there is a tendency to increase emotional tension and anxiety in society. Studies of the impact of digitalization on the security of the individual and society, analysis of the positive and negative aspects of digitalization are relevant. Part of the population is afraid of depersonalization, replacing the name with a digital code. Against this background, the search for a philosophical understanding of the word, as well as the name, is actualized in a comparative analysis with a digit and a digital designation, the problem of attention to the word as a spiritual phenomenon and cultural historical value is posed. Thus, the process of digitalization is a complex cultural, historical and socio-psychological phenomenon. At the personal level, the realization of personal freedom and responsibility in choosing worldview values and aspirations contributes to reducing frustration in an era of change, at the social level it is important to maintain the priority of spiritual values and meanings, where the word should remain as the highest ability that distinguishes a person from the world of animals and things.

Prevalence of Stress, anxiety, depression in Students of Sanandaj in the epidemic of Covid-19 virus in 2022

Introduction: The emergence of Covid-19 has many psychological effects on teenagers, one of which is depression, anxiety and stress, and it has brought physical and psychological effects. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in students of Sanandaj city during the epidemic of the Covid-19 virus in 1401. Method: This study was conducted in a cross-sectional descriptive analytical way. The studied population included all middle school students of Sanandaj city in 1401 with a sample size of 270 people and an age range of 13-15 years. DASS-21 questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed using SPSS-24 software. Results: The results of the study showed that the average scores of depression, anxiety and stress were 14.68 ± 3.39, 14.56 ± 2.99 and 14.74 ± 2.989, respectively. There is a significant relationship between the mean score of depression, anxiety and stress with sleep time, duration of daily activity and body mass index (P<0.05). Also, there is a statistically significant relationship between gender, history of covid-19 in the student and their family, having daily activities and economic status with the average score of depression, anxiety, stress (P>0.05). Conclusion: The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic causes anxiety, depression and stress in students. This phenomenon is intensified when children are confined at home and do not have outdoor activities. As the spread of covid-19 increases, the level of anxiety, stress and depression also increases. Therefore, increasing public awareness of this disease and providing positive psychological programs can reduce anxiety in society

Tindak Pidana Pembobolan Rekening Via Online Berkedok Link (Suatu Kajian terhadap Perundang-Undangan Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik)

Along with the development of technology, the use of which is increasingly massive in society, especially the use of online systems in financial traffic through electronic transactions, has given rise to evil intentions from people who have expertise in the field of information and electronics. One of them is hacking online accounts by hackers using fraudulent mode under the guise of a link sent via short message to the target and if the link is accepted and opened by the target, the hacker will easily carry out the action of draining the account. Viewed from a normative aspect, the Republic of Indonesia has actually provided protection to the public by passing various laws, for example in the scope of information and electronic transactions through Law Number 19 of 2016, an amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning information and electronic transactions. which threatens anyone who has committed a criminal act of breaking into another person's account via an electronic system with imprisonment, but this threat is not enough to provide a deterrent to the perpetrators, even though on the other hand the victims of this crime experience quite large losses and cause anxiety in society which is quite high in the security of their accounts. So this is quite interesting to research, especially from the normative aspect of the legislation. This research uses a normative type of research with a legal approach, with this research it is hoped that it can provide a clear picture of the criminal sanctions threatened by perpetrators of online account hacking under the guise of links, and it is also hoped that it will further provide an understanding of the importance of legal protection. against the account holders of the actions of the perpetrators of this crime.

Death Anxiety, Mental Health and Meaning in Life During COVID-19

Objectives: COVID-19 triggered feelings of uncertainty, resulting in people worrying about both their lives and the lives of their families. Studies showed that prevalence of anxiety in society increased due to COVID-19 and that there was a greater need for mental health care. The aim of this study was to research the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals’ death anxiety, mental health, sense of meaning in life. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted with 565 individuals reached online. The data were obtained using Turkish Death Anxiety Scale, General Health Questionnaire-12, Meaning in Life Questionnaire between 1-20 June 2021. Results: It was found that those who had had COVID-19, whose relatives had had the disease or who had lost relatives due to it, had a higher level of death anxiety. Participants with a symptomatic history of COVID-19 had a higher risk of mental health problems. Those at risk of mental health problems and those who were searching for meaning in their lives had more death anxiety. Conclusion: Health professionals should evaluate the feelings and thoughts of patients and their relatives about COVID-19 and allow them to express these. They should also help them find meaning in their experiences of the disease and cope with death anxiety.

Pandemi Covid-19 Dalam Risiko Masyarakat Kontemporer

The Covid - 19 pandemic is a disaster that occurs quickly and thoroughly. This pandemic affects not only health, but also the economic, cultural, social and political education fields. The existence of the Covid - 19 pandemic makes people live in conditions of risk. Society will face terrible threats such as the spread of viruses and other threats. The consequences of the emergence of the Covid - 19 virus have caused social anxiety in society. This raises serious concern because this virus is increasingly spreading, including in areas where there are few positive confirmed cases of Covid - 19 itself. There are so many threats of Covid 19 that great attention is needed for the perception of own risk in decision making. The current situation shows that society has become a risky society. Where people are at risk themselves are vulnerable people. Community life will be colored by risks that can affect society. This article tries to analyze the context of the covid - 19 pandemic in at-risk communities by using a sociological perspective of at-risk communities, especially in the covid - 19 pandemic. This Covid - 19 pandemic also shows that society is not ready to face the Covid 19 disaster which occurred as a whole and not a single country that can avoid the impact of Covid - 19. In addition, this article shows that the pandemic affects all classes in society and affects people from young to old

The relationship between fear of Covid-19 and obsessive–compulsive disorder

BackgroundThe coronavirus pandemic and health measures related to it have led to an increase in mental health problems. The relatively high incidence of the disease and its mortality rate created anxiety in society. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19) and its relationship with obsessive–compulsive disorder in patients who attended the outpatient clinic of Besat Hospital in Hamadan.MethodsIn this cross-sectional descriptive study, 320 patients who attended the outpatient clinic of Besat Hospital in Hamadan were selected by random sampling method in 2021. Data were collected using the Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19) questionnaire and obsessive–compulsive disorder scale and analyzed using SPSS software (V16). They were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t-test.ResultsThe mean ± SD age of the subjects was 34.14 ± 9.30 years and 65% of the study subjects were women. The mean ± SD score on the obsessive–compulsive disorder scale was 32.90 ± 19.87 and the mean ± SD score for fear of coronavirus was 16.82 ± 5.79. The contamination dimension of OCD had the highest score of 9.04 ± 5.46 and stealing had the lowest score of 0.10 ± 0.49. The mean fear of COVID-19 in people who had a history of obsessive–compulsive disorder before the quarantine was significantly higher than in those who did not have it (P = 0.002). Along with the increasing fear of coronavirus scale score, the score of obsessive–compulsive disorders increased except for the stealing dimension (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe results of the study showed that there was a moderate level of fear of COVID-19 among the study population. Also, a relatively high proportion of study subjects had a weak manifestation of OCD. It seems that two years after the beginning of the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic, people have adapted to the conditions, and their fear of the disease is reduced.

The impact of family support, social support and social information towards stress cases on covid-19 survivors : a cross-sectional study

Background : Covid-19 causes enormous panic and anxiety in society. Infection-induced immune system disorders can cause psychopathology, and the remaining symptoms of psychiatry are observed after the coronavirus outbreak. Survivors of COVID-19 appear to have an increased risk of residual psychiatric symptoms, and psychiatric diagnoses that occur due to excessive worry and anxiety. Worry and anxiety themselves can cause stress. The purpose of this study was to see the influence of family support, social support, and social information on stressful events in Covid-19 survivors in the Nuha District of East Luwu Regency in 2021.&#x0D; Method : This research is quantitative research with an approach of Observational analytics with a Cross-sectional design with random sampling techniques, with a sample of 1781 populations&#x0D; Results : The results showed that for the family support variable is (p=0.004; R2 = 0.025; Y = a + bX or 1.952 + 0.743 X). Social support for stressful events in Covid-19 survivors is (p=0.000; R2 = 0.039; Y = a + bX or 1.973 + 0.556 X) and the influence of social information on stressful events in Covid-19 survivors is (p=0.000 ; R2 = 0.052; Y = a + bX or 1.667 + 0.667 X. Conclusion : There is an influence on family support, social support, social information on the occurrence of stress on Covid-19 survivors in Nuha District East Luwu in 2021.&#x0D; &#x0D;

КРИЗА ЯК ЗАГРОЗА ТА ЯК МОЖЛИВІСТЬ: АМБІВАЛЕНТНИЙ АСПЕКТ

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The purpose of the article&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; is to study the crisis as a threat and as an opportunity using the example of the global pandemic crisis of the new coronavirus disease COVID-19.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Research methodology.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; To achieve the stated purpose, the following general scientific research methods were used: theoretical analysis, functional analysis, the method of expert evaluations, and analysis of scientific works. Within this research, in order to conduct an expert evaluation of the crisis communications of government bodies during the pandemic crisis, we conducted a survey of experts who were included in three groups, namely: specialists who carried out their activities in the communications of government bodies; journalists who covered events related to the COVID-19 pandemic and followed the communication steps of representatives of public authorities, as well as employees responsible for communication who worked in non-governmental institutions.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Results.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; By its nature, any crisis is ambivalent, it can carry a threat (that is, for an individual who is in a critical situation, a feeling of hopelessness and helplessness is characteristic, which can have a destructive aspect; it can carry the threat of social maladjustment and thereby negatively affect further overcoming the crisis), as well as an opportunity (due to the fact that a crisis is not only a “threat of disaster”, but also an opportunity for change, transition to a new level of personal development, a source of strength).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This article is an attempt to define the crisis as a threat and as an opportunity on the basis of the global crisis, that is the COVID-19 pandemic, which radically changed citizens’ lives of almost all world countries and led to the death of millions of people.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The crisis outlined in our study leads to increased tension and anxiety in society and contributes to the fact that actors have the opportunity to ignite new conflicts, which increases the threat of destabilization of the state, or to create new opportunities.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In addition, it was during the pandemic crisis when Ukraine became the object of a new wave of informational influences. As an example, we can cite the artificially inflamed situation in Novi Sanzhary urban-type settlement, Poltava Oblast (province), in February 2020, where Ukrainian citizens were placed for observation for the first time after their return from China, where, according to official data, the pandemic began.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Practical importance.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; The findings obtained during the research will expand the perception of the crisis as a threat and as an opportunity, and the obtained results can be used in scientific and educational practice.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Key words:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; crisis, threat, opportunity, COVID-19 pandemic, government bodies, crisis communication.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

SOCIO-PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONALITY OF IMPLEMENTATION DIFFERENTIATIONS IN MODERN EDUCATION

Differentiation of teaching as educational technology at general school on this stage of development of our society is predefined: by the attempt of society more rationally to use potential possibilities of everybody, that is related to maximal development of the natural making and skills of students; by the anxiety of society about comprehensive and harmo nious development of personality; by the necessity of subsequent perfection of work of gen eral school.

High Emotional Demands at Work and Poor Mental Health in Client-Facing Workers.

This study investigated the association between emotional demands and depression or anxiety in a wide range of jobs. We used data from the third Korean Working Conditions Survey (n = 50,032) for all occupational classifications, with no limitations placed on job title or employment type. Among the full set of regular paid workers in addition to self-employed, unpaid family workers, and informal employees such as independent contractors, 23,989 respondents worked with “customers, passengers, students, or patients” (i.e., clients). Emotional demands were evaluated using two questions: handling angry clients and needing to hide feelings for work performance. Any depression or anxiety over the last 12 months was taken to indicate poor mental health. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed to calculate adjusted ORs with 95% confidence intervals for the influence of emotional demands on mental health, adjusting for demographic factors (age, gender, education, income), occupational psychological demands, decision latitude, social support, weekly work hours and job insecurity. The prevalence of emotional demands was higher in self-employed and informal employees than in regular paid employees. The more frequent the exposure to the two emotional demands combined was, the higher the risk of depression or anxiety. High psychological demands, low social support, and low job security each further increased the risk of poor mental health. Emotional demands turned out to be widespread in the entire economy, were not limited to service or sales occupations, and were more evident in precarious work. The contribution of emotional demands and other preventable job stressors to the burden of depression or anxiety in society may be substantial.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA LAMA PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN DALAM MENERIMA VAKSIN COVID-19 BAGI MASYARAKAT DI KOTA KUPANG

Corona virus disease (Covid-19) is a virus outbreak that has attacked countries in the world since the end of 2019 including Indonesia. Indonesia has made a series of efforts to overcome the crisis, one of which is through the Covid-19 vaccination. Anxiety in society that arises due to various conspiraces, pros and cons, hoaxes to various rules and polices regarding the Covid-19 vaccine that spread through social media accompanied by intensive use of social media can be the cause of rejection of the Covid-19 vaccine on various region in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relation between the long use of social media with the anxiety levels of receiving the Covid-19 vaccine for people in Kupang City. This type of research is analytic observational using a cross sectional study method measured using a questionnaire distributed through google form. Analysis of the test result using the Somer’s D test. From the total 312 respondents, as many as 77 respondents used social media for 1-2 hours a day with details as many as 74 (23.7%) respondents did not experienced anxiety, 2 (0.6%) respondents experienced mild anxiety and 1 (0.3%) respondent experienced moderate anxiety. There is not a significant correlation between the long use of social media with the anxiety levels of receiving the covid-19 vaccine for people in Kupang City where a significance value of p =0.411 or p &gt; 0.05 is found.

Negative Sides of State Professor Council (HDGSNN) with Criminal Case at Banking University HCM City Vietnam – and Applying Malaysian Privacy Law Approach as Reference for dealing with False News of Tuoi Tre and Thanh Nien Newspapers in Vietnam

In this study, we highly criticize publishing fake news online of several Vietnam magazines (Thanhnien.vn and Tuoitre.vn) as it may cause misinformation and troubles, anxiety in society. Next, we show criminal cases at HDGSNN (State professor Council- fake Prof Trần Thọ Đạt), and Nguyễn Đức Trung – fake Rector at Banking University HCM city Vietnam (in hindering scientific researches of scientists), and Lê Đình Hạc – fucking guy, fake Doctor at Banking University HCMC Vietnam. We also use this case to teach social sciences students. Next, authors use Malaysian laws approach for solving FALSE NEWS OF TUOI TRE AND THANH NIEN NEWSPAPERS IN VIETNAM during period 2015-2022. Last but not least, Authors also analyze viewpoints of President Ho Chi Minh on publishing activities for educating students better.

Reading Game Sport from the Perspective of Sociology of Knowledge.

The evolution of media technology has not only changed readers' reading ways and reading habits but also tried to reshape their social behaviour. From the perspective of sociology of sustainable knowledge, this essay explores the impacts of technological change on reading through the framework of activity theory. It is found that digital reading is of increasing characteristics of “front stage” performance and reading anxiety in society, and sustainable knowledge anxiety began to spread. The research shows that the existing digital reading mode is actually the consumption of media, which is not conducive to the transmission and production of sustainable knowledge. Also, with the further development of technology, reading will open up a new chapter. The wisdom of human symbiosis will be infinitely stored and strive toward the era of global brain, which will help to better inherit sustainable knowledge and activate the vitality of sustainable knowledge production.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ В ПЕРИОД "ПЕРВОЙ ВОЛНЫ" ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19 НА ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАСТРОЕНИЯ РОССИЙСКИХ ГРАЖДАН

The article discusses the attitude of citizens to the regime of restrictions to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. In a review of current research, the pandemic is a factor of uncertainty that creates anxiety in society. In turn, the restrictions imposed by the authorities to overcome the pandemic are causing public tension. Under the influence of epidemiological and administrative factors, society is plunging into a state of stress and fragmentation, which accelerates the reorganization of the existing order. The focus of the study is the dynamics of the attitude of Russian citizens to the COVID-19 pandemic and the state policy to overcome it. Based on comparative sociological data from several countries, using the example of the challenge of the spread of coronavirus in Russia, the dynamics of changes in public sentiment and the reaction of citizens to the measures taken by the authorities are being studied. To determine the dynamics of public opinion, a combination of methods of event analysis of government actions, social media analysis of information messages and content analysis of sociological studies of public opinion is used. The event analysis covers the extreme period of the “first wave” of the spread of coronavirus, within which five stages of the introduction of regime restrictions by the federal authorities have been identified. Social media analysis has revealed a strong dependence of public attention to the pandemic on the “rigidity” of decisions taken by the authorities. The monitoring data of sociological studies revealed a sharp deterioration in social well-being and a decrease in the optimism of citizens during the introduction of strict restrictions that break the habitual way of life and the level of well-being. At the same time, the level of trust in the country's leadership remained stable, and the measures taken by the authorities were perceived as forced.

'Anxiety is still ongoing!' Evaluation of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety severity of physicians working in the internal medicine department after 1 year: a collaborative cross-sectional study.

The COVID‐19 pandemic has increased anxiety in society and particularly in healthcare workers, as shown with a questionnaire in our centre at the beginning of the pandemic. In this collaborative study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the pandemic on anxiety 1 year later by applying the same questionnaire to the physicians working in the same department. A total of 77 participants consented to the study. The median age was 28 (interquartile range = 4) years and 55.8% were male. As in the first survey, female gender, having family members over 65 years of age, and having family members with chronic diseases were significantly associated with high anxiety scores and levels. There were no statistically significant differences between the first and second survey participants in any of the anxiety scales, which means anxiety persists.

Relationship between the Severity of Anxiety Symptoms, Aggression and Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period.

Background and objectives: There have been many reports of mental health in the pandemic period. The research conducted so far has indicated an increase in the severity of anxiety and aggression and an escalation of alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the severity of anxiety, the amount of alcohol consumed and the severity of aggression. Materials and Methods: A total of 538 Polish residents—413 women (76.77%) and 125 men (23.23%)—participated in the study via an online survey. It included socio-demographic parameters and psychological scales: AUDIT—to determine the model of alcohol consumption, GAD-7—to measure the severity of anxiety and the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Results: There was a correlation between the severity of anxiety and generalized aggression, and its two components—anger and hostility—in the entire study group. Moreover, relations were found between the intensity of alcohol consumption and generalized aggression and its components—anger and verbal and physical aggression. Those relationships turned out to be gender specific. The increased anxiety intensity affected the pattern of alcohol consumption and the severity of aggression. Conclusions: Psychotherapeutic and psychoeducational interactions and some elements of psychiatric treatment should aim at reducing the severity of anxiety in society, and thus minimizing the health and social consequences—aggressive behaviour and excessive alcohol consumption.

Why has the COVID-19 pandemic increased support for Universal Basic Income?

The onset of the 2020 global COVID-19 pandemic led to a marked increase in positive discussion of Universal Basic Income (UBI) in political and media circles. However, we do not know whether there was a corresponding increase in support for the policy in the public at large, or why. Here, we present three studies carried out during 2020 in UK and US samples. In study 1 (n = 802, April 2020), people expressed much stronger support for a UBI policy for the times of the pandemic and its aftermath than for normal times. This was largely explained by the increased importance they attached, in the pandemic context, to a system that is simple and efficient to administer, and that reduces stress and anxiety in society. In study 2 (n = 400, May 2020), we pitted UBI against a conditional targeted social transfer system. Preferences for UBI were stronger for pandemic times than for normal times. This was partially explained by a number of perceived advantages, such as simplicity of administration and suitability for a changing world. In study 3 (n = 397, September 2020), we found that the headline results of studies 1 and 2 persisted six months after the onset of the pandemic, albeit with attenuated effect sizes. Our results illustrate how a changing social and economic situation can bring about markedly different policy preferences, through changes in citizens’ perceptions of what is currently important.

Англоязычный дискурс иммиграции в аспекте корпусной лингвистики

Based on data from the linguistic corpus News on the Web, the article examines the media discourse of immigration in the British and American media in the period from 2018 to 2020. Considering the linguistic facts from the standpoint of discursive linguistics and corpus analysis, the authors argue that the identification and quantification of collocations in which semantically the main component is represented by the words from the search query: immigrants and asylum seekers. Their ranking by degree of stability, as well as identification of the most common L1 collocates objectify information about the features of the English discourse of immigration. It was found out that in all types of the studied media, the most frequent collocations of the noun immigrant are with the adjectives illegal and undocumented, T. Grigoryanova notes they directly indicate illegal immigration as a serious social problem; the L1 frequency collocates of the asylum seeker search query unit are American and failed, M. Matytсina concludes that they actualize the significance of the immigration problem for the entire world community and contribute to the formation of anti-immigrant sentiment. In fixed collocations, according to T. Grigoryanova, they are replaced by the words other, central, new. The results of the analysis made it possible to conclude that the English discourse of immigration contains a protest against immigrants and asylum seekers, reflects the fear and anxiety of society about the consequences of increase in their number for the indigenous population.

The Social Effects of COVID-19 Pandemics

Objective: The purpose of this study is to measure people's perceptions, attitudes, and behavior regarding the New Coronavirus Pandemic and the process itself in our country, to examine social tendencies towards the pandemic, and to develop recommendations for policymakers based on the findings. Methods: According to the survey, 40 percent of the participants said their anxiety about death and dying has increased. In comparison, 51 percent reported that their anxiety about getting the virus has increased, and 79 percent stated that their anxiety about losing their loved ones has increased. Especially the existential anxiety of women, those in the lowest income group working in jobs that require close contact, is much higher than men. Strong social ties are an influential factor in alleviating people's anxiety. Results: Sixty-six percent of the respondents stated they feared that they will not be able to meet their basic needs in the future, and 58 percent reported that their income has decreased after the pandemic;only 14.80 percent stated that they find people to be generally trustworthy. As the variables of age, income, and education level decrease, so does trust. The findings reveal that the level of trust is lower among women than men. The percentage of those who see coronavirus as “a conspiracy of the great powers” is 56.5 percent in Turkey. Twenty-seven percent of the respondents reported that verbal violence, and 17 percent said physical violence has increased around them after the coronavirus. On the other hand, 11 percent stated that verbal violence, while 4 percent stated that physical violence against them has increased during the same period. Conclusion: This research shows that existential anxiety in society increases as the duration of the pandemic increases. Over time the people have become tired. The pandemic has triggered some negative attitudes such as indifference, weariness, and denial, resulting in developing a type of come-what-may mood in some people. Those who have relatively strong social ties (high level of trust) and those who rely on state institutions cope more easily with the uncertainty and anxiety posed by the pandemic. Social policies to be followed by the state are of vital importance to reduce the economic and psycho-social problems of the society. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.

Psychospołeczne skutki pandemii COVID-19

The COVID-19 outbreak is a serious threat to public health, both physical and mental. Over 80 million people worldwide have already been infected, including almost 2 million deaths. Even if most people do not get infected they are at risk of suffering from the psychological consequences of the epidemic. The occurrence of serious infectious diseases contributes to the increase of fear and anxiety in society, which was also confirmed in previous epidemics of SARS, MERS and the H1N1 flu. With the increasing number of cases, the high number of deaths, and the inefficiency of health systems around the world, people feel fear of infection, death and complications. In addition to health problems, the COVID-19 pandemic has also brought changes in many areas of social life: closure of schools and workplaces, economic problems, as well as isolation from loved ones and limitation of social contacts. The stress of being in quarantine and long-term isolation occurred. All of this increased the symptoms of stress, which has been shown in many studies conducted around the world. Studies show differences in the response to the epidemic depending on gender, age and occupation. Research has also shown that people’s emotions and behavior during a pandemic can affect its course. Therefore, in addition to fighting the medical aspect of COVID-19, it is also worth spending time and resources on analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological functioning of individuals and helping people who experience the worst psychological consequences of the epidemic.