Antiseptic Solution Research Articles

Сравнительная оценка динамики патогистологической картины гнойной раны экспериментальных животных с моделью фурункула в области головы и шеи при стандартном лечении и при использовании электрорефлексотерапии

The most common neodontogenic infectious and inflammatory processes affecting the skin are furuncles in the maxillofacial area. The task of effective treatment of patients with this disease is now becoming increasingly urgent which is largely due to the deterioration of the environmental situation, changes in the nature of nutrition and chronic stress. The purpose of the study is to make a comparative assessment of the results of the standard method of postoperative treatment and complex treatment using electroacupuncture based on the dynamics of the pathohistological picture of a purulent wound in experimental animals with a model of a boil in the head and neck. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were carried out on 20 guinea pigs of the same age and body weight, on which a model of a boil in the submandibular area was created. The boil was formed within 3 days, after which all experimental animals under local infiltration anesthesia underwent primary surgical treatment of the infectious and inflammatory focus with wound drainage. Then the animals were divided into two series. Series 1 received a standard treatment package in the postoperative period (antibiotics, daily dressings with mandatory drainage changes, instillation of the wound with antiseptic solutions). For series 2 of animals, the standard treatment was combined with an electroacupuncture treatment. The material for pathohistological examination was collected in the following terms: 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after the operation. Serial sections were made according to the standard procedure. The micro-preparations were examined using a light microscope. For comparison a descriptive method was used. Results and discussion. The most significant differences were found on the 21st day of observation when diffuse mononuclear cell infiltration of all layers of the dermis was detected in most of the series 1 micro-preparations which indicated the presence of productive inflammation. During the same period of observation, all the micro-preparations of series 2 showed a multilayered flat keratinizing epithelium without violating the integrity throughout. The papillary and reticular layers of the dermis showed no signs of inflammation. The appendages of the skin were traced throughout the entire field of vision without visible pathological changes. All of the above indicated no signs of inflammation. Conclusion. The results obtained clearly indicate the positive effect of electroacupuncture on both wound cleansing and the course of the processes of reparative regeneration of the skin

KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE STATUS OF MOTHERS AND CAREGIVERS OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD IN THE PREVENTION OF HAND - FOOT - MOUTH DISEASE IN TU NANG COMMUNE, YEN CHAU DISTRICT, SON LA PROVINCE, IN 2021

Knowledge and practice of mothers and caregivers are decisive factors in the prevention of Hand,Foot and Mouth disease for children under 5 years old. A cross-sectional descriptive study was usedto assess the current status of knowledge and practice on prevention of Hand, Foot and Mouth diseaseamong mothers/carers of children under 5 years old in Tu Nang commune, Yen Chau district, SonLa province. Out of a total of 944 study subjects, 73% had correct knowledge about subjects at riskof disease, 84% knew about the danger of the disease and 81.4% knew about measures to preventthe spread. However, only 30.7% subjects had correct knowledge about taking care of children withHand, Foot and Mouth disease. The rate of using antiseptic solution for cleaning utensils of childrenis low, accounting for only 13.1%. Correct practice of handling measures when children are sickand preventing infection ranges from 30.9 to 59.4%. And most of the study subjects practiced goodenvironmental hygiene (92.8%).

SPECIFIC ASPECTS IN TREATMENT OF SUPPURATIVE-INFLAMMATORY COMPLICATIONS IN GUNSHOT WOUNDS OF EXTREMITIES

Summary. The aim of the study was to present an argument for treatment algorithm of patients with extremity gunshot injuries complicated by suppurative inflammation.
 Materials and research methods. Examination and treatment of 163 patients with gunshot wounds of the extremities were performed. All the wounded were divided into 3 study groups. The patients of group 1 underwent conventional treatment of gunshot wounds. In group 2, negative pressure wound therapy was used. Wounded patients of group 3 received vacuum-assisted therapy supplemented by the proposed scheme of counter-drainage and flow-through flushing irrigation of wounds with antiseptic solutions of 0.02 % decamethoxine and 3 % hydrogen peroxide. Bacteriological study of wound exudate was carried out, and sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics was determined.
 Results and its discussion. Wound microbiology analysis in victims of blast and mine-blast injuries demonstrated predominance of gram-negative bacteria in wound microbiocenosis — Acinetobacter spp. (53 % of cases) and Pseudomonas spp. (15 % of cases). Gram-positive cocci were isolated in 22.2 % of cases. Sensitivity study of nonfermentative gram-negative rods demonstrated them to have high level of resistance to most antibacterial agents. All strains of Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas spp. were sensitive to polymyxin B and colistin but resistant to inhibitor-protected and -unprotected amino penicillin.
 Beneficial effect of vacuum therapy in patients of groups 2 and 3 was evidenced by significantly reduced time of wound healing and hospital stay. The use of suggested mixture of antiseptics resulted in decrease of inflammation in 94.45 % and 88.89 % of patients in groups 3 and 2, respectively. Besides, in group 3, duration of hydration phase in wound healing process decreased to 5.7 days. The period of complete wound healing was shorter by 2.5 days, and hospital stay decreased from 14.97 to 10.8 days.
 Conclusions. Thus, predominance of gram-negative microorganisms in gunshot wounds as well as their high resistance to antibiotics should be considered when undertaking empirical antibiotic therapy in wounded patients. The proposed treatment algorithm involving negative pressure wound therapy supplemented with counter-drainage and flow-through flushing irrigation with a mixture of suggested antiseptics proved to be highly efficient in patients with extremity gunshot injuries complicated by suppurative inflammation.

Quality of life and therapeutic regimen management in onychomycosis patients and in vitro study of antiseptic solutions

Onychomycosis or tinea unguium (EE12.1) and Onychomycosis due to non-dermatophyte moulds (1F2D.5) (OM) is a fungal infection of the nail plates with a high prevalence that often affects vulnerable people with co-existing health problems. Gold standard pharmacological treatments for onychomycosis have been associated with low success rates and increasing antifungal resistance, suggesting that treatment outcome is dependent on multiple variables. Here, the prevalence of OM and quality of life were characterized in two vulnerable populations—Hospital patients and Homeless people. Comparing both groups, the most prevalent fungal species were identified in Hospital patients. Then, the in vitro fungicidal properties of the antiseptics povidone-iodine, polyhexamethylene biguanide-betaine, octenidine dihydrochloride, and a super-oxidized solution against two ATCC strains (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) and three clinical fungal isolates from Hospital patients (Candida parapsilosis, Trichophyton interdigitale, and Trichophyton rubrum) were tested. OM prevalence was high in both patient groups studied, who also reported a reduction in quality of life and concerns about the state of their feet. In addition, Hospital patients had a non-negligent therapeutic regimen management style. Antiseptics tested in vitro revealed antifungal properties. As antiseptics are low-cost and easy to apply and have few iatrogenic effects, the demonstration of fungicidal properties of these solutions suggests that they may constitute potential supportive therapeutics for OM.

Long-Term Outcome Assessment Between Antiseptic and Normal Saline for Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with Instillation.

Objective: To analyze long-term outcomes following inpatient treatment of infected wounds with antimicrobial or normal saline instillation during negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Approach: This was a single-center retrospective study analyzing the course of patients receiving 0.9% normal saline or 0.1% polyhexanide plus 0.1% betaine as instillation for wounds requiring surgery. Measured outcomes included rates of dehiscence, new wounds, re-operations, amputations, and mortality over 5 years. The article adheres to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement. Results: Forty-two patients received normal saline instillation and 41 the antiseptic solution. Rates of dehiscence, wound recurrence, and re-operations in the saline and antiseptic cohorts were 6.3% and 5.6%, 9.4% and 5.6%, and 14.3% and 9.8%, respectively (p > 0.05). In patients requiring further surgery, time to wound closure averaged 104 and 130 days in the saline and antiseptic cohorts, respectively (p = 0.81). Five-year amputation and mortality rates were 14.3% and 22% (p = 0.36) and 24% and 17% (p = 0.45) in the saline and antiseptic cohorts, respectively. Innovation: To compare clinical outcomes associated with two fundamentally different instillation solutions over the full wound care episode and elucidate the potential impact of these results for future applications. Conclusion: This is the first evaluation of nonsurrogate outcomes of different instillations for NPWT in infected wounds. The results indicate that normal saline instillation outcomes are comparable to those of 0.1% polyhexanide plus 0.1% betaine. The clinical success, cost benefit, and accessibility of normal saline can expand the utilization of this therapeutic approach for larger patient populations.

Effect of Vaginal Cleansing with Povidone Iodine Solution before Cesarean Section on Postoperative Endometritis Infection

Background: Cesarean section (CS) continues to be the surgical intervention most often performed in obstetrics, with a daily increasing frequency of use. The risk for all postpartum infections is increased in CS compared to vaginal delivery. Infectious complications developing in the aftermath of CS are one of the main causes of maternal morbidity. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vaginal cleansing with Povidone Iodine solution before cesarean section on postoperative Endometritis Infection . Design: A quasi- experimental design was utilized in this study. Setting: This study was conducted at the operating room of Obstetrics and Gynecologic Department in Beni-Seuf University Hospital from the period of May 2019 until August 2019. The study Subjects included 200 pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery, who were selected by purposive sampling technique. then divided into control and study group 100 per each group. The study group receive vaginal cleansing before cesarean section by antiseptic iodine solution 10% and standard abdominal scrub. Control group receive standard abdominal scrub only. Tools was used of data collection included; 1st tool: Structured interview questionnaire was designed by the researchers and included demographic characteristics and data related to the participants’ clinical profile 2nd tool: Postpartum follow-up checklist to assess presence or absence of the post CS infectious morbidity such as; endometritis (lower abdomen pain and a smelly vaginal discharge), febrile morbidity, and incisional site infection.3rd tool: Numericаl rating scale (NRЅ). Study results: Shows there was statistically significant difference regards fever and a smelly vaginal discharge among both groups, while there was no statistically significant difference was found regards wound infection and lower abdomen pain. Conclusion: Preoperative vaginal cleansing using antiseptic iodine solution 10% was an effective practice for reducing post cesarean endometritis where overall post cesarean infectious morbidity rate was lower among study group compared to control those exposed to routine care alone; supporting the study hypothesis. Recommendations: Physicians and Nurses should be used antiseptic povidone-Iodine 10% or vaginal cleaning as regular practice before cesarean deliveries. Apply vaginal preparation with anti septic solution before C.S operation for high risk group for infection as premature rupture of membranes, diabetes, and anemia.

Sosialisasi Fungsi Vitamin dan Penggunaan Cairan Antiseptik Berbasis Alkohol dalam Pencegahan Covid 19 di Panti Asuhan Yatim Piatu Ar-Rodiyah Tembalang Semarang

The Covid-19 pandemic (Corona virus) is a pandemic transmitted by the corona virus that attacks humans, especially children and the elderly. The transmission of Covid-19 can be through droplets; therefore, it is necessary to prevent it through health protocol, namely clean and healthy living habits, including using masks, washing hands, maintaining distance, and increase body immunity, The purpose of community service is to provide education about the function of vitamins, and how to use an alcoholic-based antiseptic solution for children Ar-Rodiyah Tembalang Orphanage, Semarang. This activity was carried out by lecturers, D4 Health Analyst students and S2 Clinical Laboratory Science students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang on January 31, 2021. The target of this activity was 51 children aged 8-20 years. The results of the implementation of community service at the Ar-Rodiyah orphanage Semarang were distributing 2 posters about the function of vitamins, and how to use an alcoholic-based antiseptic solution, then during the meeting an explanation of the material and the function of vitamins, and how to use an alcoholic-based antiseptic solution and questions and answers was delivered during the meeting. The conclusion from this community service increase knowledge of orphans about function of vitamin from 30 to 80 and knowledge to use alcohol-based antiseptic fluids correctly can increase from 45 to 90. The orphaned children also really hoped for sustainability of this community service activity with other counseling material.

Clinical Issues—June 2021

Selecting an antiseptic skin preparation agent according to the patient's skin pigmentation Key words: preoperative patient skin antisepsis, surgical site marking pen, Fitzpatrick skin type scale, tinted antiseptic, ink visibility. Developing a preoperative bathing protocol Key words: preoperative bathing protocol, preoperative showering regimen, antiseptic soap, antiseptic solution, patient education. Decolonizing health care personnel Key words: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO), colonization, transmission, nasal decolonization. Composition of bone cement and precautions for perioperative personnel Key words: bone cement, absorption exposure, methyl methacrylate (MMA), occupational hazards, personal protective equipment (PPE).

Pursuit of the ideal antiseptic irrigation solution in the management of periprosthetic joint infections.

Irrigation and debridement in the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) serve an integral role in the eradication of bacterial burden and subsequent re-infection rates. Identifying the optimal irrigation agent, however, remains challenging, as there is limited data on superiority. Direct comparison of different irrigation solutions remains difficult because of variability in treatment protocols. While basic science studies assist in the selection of irrigation fluids, in vitro results do not directly translate into clinical significance once implemented in vivo. Dilute povidone iodine, hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine gluconate, acetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid, and preformed combination solutions all have potential against a broad spectrum of PJI pathogens with their own unique advantages and disadvantages. Future clinical studies are needed to identify ideal irrigation solutions with optimal bactericidal properties and low cytotoxicity for PJI treatment.

Quaternary ammonium N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan derivative and povidone‑iodine complex as a potent antiseptic with enhanced wound healing property

The importance of developing more potent antimicrobials and robust infection prevention practices has been highlighted recently with the increase in reports of emerging bacterial resistance mechanisms and the development of antibiotic-resistant microbes. In this study, a quaternary ammonium chitosan derivative, N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) with inherent bactericidal property was synthesized and complexed with povidone‑iodine (PVP-I) to create a potentially more potent antiseptic solution that could also significantly enhance the wound healing process. TMC, a positively charged, water-soluble derivative of chitosan, formed stable solutions with PVP-I at 5% w/v TMC concentration (TMC5/PVP-I). TMC5/PVP-I was significantly effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria S. aureus compared with PVP-I alone. TMC/PVP-I solutions also showed fungicidal property against C. albicans, with no cytotoxic effects when tested against human fibroblast cells cultured in vitro. Wound healing assessment in vivo revealed early collagen formation and re-epithelialization for TMC5/PVP-I treated wounds in rats relative to control and PVP-I only. Formulation of TMC/PVP-I solutions presented in the study can be easily adapted in the existing production of commercial PVP-I creating a new product with more potent bactericidal and enhanced wound healing properties for optimal wound care.

MILKING ANTISEPTICS AGAINST BACTERIA MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT BOVINE MASTITIS

This work aims to verify the in vitro action of antiseptics used in the pre- and post-dipping against multidrug-resistant bacteria from bovine mastitis. Antiseptic solutions in the concentration of use of iodine, chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (n=12), Staphylococcus sciuri (n=1), Staphylococcus lentus (n=1), Streptococcus sp. (n=1), Enterococcus faecalis (n=1), Enterococcus casseliflavus (n=1), Kocuria kristinae (n=2), Kocuria varians (n=1). Was verified the Minimal Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentration. The cytotoxicity test complemented the work. It was found that the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration of the iodine, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine was effective in the values recommended for use, however the presence of organic material reduced the activity of the tested products. Chlorhexidine showed higher efficiency of the other disinfectants.

Evaluating bacterial contamination of free bone fragments falling to the ground and the effectiveness of antiseptic solutions.

This study aims to determine the contamination incidence rate of bone fragments that have been dropped on the floor of the operating theatre, as well as how effective antimicrobial solutions are at decontaminating them. Bone fragments obtained after 30 total knee arthroplasties were used in the study. Inert pieces of bone emerging after the bone cuts during total knee arthroplasty were divided into 1 × 1cm fragments. The bone fragments were first left in free fall on the floor of the operating theatre and then were kept in a number of antimicrobial solutions for 15s. Subsequently, they were microbiologically and histopathologically examined. A swab culture was also taken from the floor of the operating theatre. It was determined that 63.3% of osteochondral fragments in the non-intervened group were contaminated. Growth was likewise detected in all swab cultures. Microorganisms growing in the swab culture and the non-intervened group were similar and mostly Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. When the growth rates of the 10% povidone-iodine and 4% chlorhexidine gluconate groups were compared with the growth rate of the non-intervened group, a statistical difference was found. No difference was determined between the growth rates of the sodium hypochlorite and the non-intervened groups. The histopathological analysis revealed no statistical difference between the groups in terms of bone marrow, vascular structure, fat tissue, and osteoblastic activity results in the osteochondral fragments CONCLUSION: Bone tissues dropped from a sterile area on the floor of the operating theatre are highly contaminated. An effective decontamination without bone cell toxicity was achieved using povidone-iodine. Although chlorhexidine gluconate solution had an effective decontamination effect compared to the non-intervened group, it was not 100% effective. Sodium hypochlorite solution was not effective in the decontamination of grafts under our working conditions.

The practice of hand hygiene in the maternities of the public hospitals of Lubumbashi

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the practice of hand hygiene in the maternities of the public hospitals of Lubumbashi. Method and techniques: We carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study in which the population consisted on the one hand of the technical rooms of the maternity hospitals and the operating rooms for cesarean sections and on the other hand the nurses responsible for these maternities. The observation technique using an observation guide of the WHO model allowed us to collect the data. Results: Hand hygiene was not properly carried out in the maternity wards of Lubumbashi's public hospitals. Most of the prerequisites before hand washing and hydro-alcoholic hand rubbing were not respected, the prerequisites for surgical hand washing were observed only at 21.4%:e wearing of short-sleeved clothing (43.0%),absence of jewelry (78.6%), short nails without varnish and false nails (50.0%). In the absence of hydroalcoholic solution (SHA) (71.4%) for the friction, they used denatured alcohol (28.6%). The duration of soaping and friction was in an interval between 11 to 20 seconds or 42.9% and that of hygienic hand washing was observed at 28.6%. The duration of surgical and antiseptic hand washing was 21 to 40 seconds to 35.7%. Only 21.4% of the departments surveyed had used the broad-spectrum antiseptic foaming solution, no structure had a sterile disposable brush for hygienic and surgical hand washing, 2/14 departments surveyed had sterile disposable towels, the water used had not undergone bacteriological control and only one service, ie 7.1%, which had non-manually operated bins. Conclusion: Hand hygiene is not properly carried out in maternity hospitals in Lubumbashi's public hospitals, due to a lack of equipment and knowledge on this practice, equipment must be provided and staff trained in hand hygiene.

Efficacy of common antiseptic solutions against clinically relevant microorganisms in biofilm.

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are among the most devastating complications after joint arthroplasty. There is limited evidence on the efficacy of different antiseptic solutions on reducing biofilm burden. The purpose of the present study was to test the efficacy of different antiseptic solutions against clinically relevant microorganisms in biofilm. We conducted an in vitro study examining the efficacy of several antiseptic solutions against clinically relevant microorganisms. We tested antiseptic irrigants against nascent (four-hour) and mature (three-day) single-species biofilm created in vitro using a drip-flow reactor model. With regard to irrigant efficacy against biofilms, Povidone-iodine treatment resulted in greater reductions in nascent MRSA biofilms (logarithmic reduction (LR) = 3.12; p < 0.001) compared to other solutions. Bactisure treatment had the greatest reduction of mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms (LR = 1.94; p = 0.032) and a larger reduction than Vashe or Irrisept for mature Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms (LR = 2.12; p = 0.025). Pooled data for all biofilms tested resulted in Bactisure and Povidone-iodine with significantly greater reductions compared to Vashe, Prontosan, and Irrisept solutions (p < 0.001). Treatment failure in PJI is often due to failure to clear the biofilm; antiseptics are often used as an adjunct to biofilm clearance. We tested irrigants against clinically relevant microorganisms in biofilm in vitro and showed significant differences in efficacy among the different solutions. Further clinical outcome data is necessary to determine whether these solutions can impact PJI outcome in vivo. Cite this article: Bone Joint J2021;103-B(5):908-915.

Comparative analysis of cytocompatible properties of the root surface exposed to diode laser (970 nm) as adjunct to scaling and root planing: An in vitro study.

Aims:The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of diode laser (970 nm) when used as adjunct to mechanical debridement on reattachment of fibroblast cell cultures to the root surface.Materials and Methods:Eighteen extracted single-rooted human teeth were used in the study. Briefly, the anatomical crowns were removed; roots were sectioned and preserved in antiseptic solution. The sections were divided into three groups: (i) scaling and root planing (SRP), (ii) SRP followed by diode laser exposure and (iii) untreated control group. All the sections were inoculated with NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell lines and cell attachment was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy analysis and growth was quantitatively assessed by MTT assay after days 1, 3 and 5.Results:On intragroup analysis, there was significant cell proliferation seen on day 1 and day 5. However, no significant differences were observed between the treatment groups at the various time points.Conclusion:970-nm diode laser exposure had a positive effect in enhancing the fibroblast reattachment to root surfaces. However, to ascertain the role of laser treatment in enhancing the rapid cell growth compared to SRP, further quantitative studies with more sample numbers are required.

EFFECTS OF ETHANOL-BASED ANTISEPTIC SOLUTIONS AGAINST GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

Introduction : Gram-negative bacteria infections cause diseases namely skin infection until sepsis including nosocomial infection. Prevention by antiseptic application is the way to inhibit infection. Some antiseptic compounds that have been used show resistance according to some reports. Aim: Determine the efficacy of ethanol-based antiseptic solutions against Gram-negative bacteria Methods : Discs saturated with ethanol-based antiseptic solutions were affixed to Muller Hinton agar which had been smeared by Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC BAA-747, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC BAA-1706, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella sp. , and Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6380. The diameter of the inhibition zone was read after 24 hours. Solutions are considered sensitive if the zone of inhibition of growth diameter is more than 6 millimeters (Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method). Result : Acinetobacter baumannii and Salmonella sp is sensitive to solution consisting of ethanol 80 % and ethanol 80 %+ H2O2 0,15% . Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Eschericia coli is sensitive only to solution consisting of ethanol 80 %+ H2O2 0,15% As for Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus vulgaris, they are resistance to both solutions. Conclusion: The use of ethanol-based antiseptic solutions with or without H2O2 0.15% addition may not effectively eliminate all gram-negative bacteria from the environment. The addition of 0.15% H2O2 to the antiseptic solution showed a better barrier effect than the solution containing only 80% ethanol. Adding other additives needs to be investigated further to formulate a better antiseptic solution against Gram-negative bacteria.

Skin reaction related to povidone iodine use

Nowadays, 10% povidone-iodine is a topical antiseptic solution that is commonly used in surgical areas’ sterilization, wound cleaning and daily wound dressing. Severe complications may arise from povidone-iodine when it is not used carefully and in adequate proportion. Povidone-iodine-induced chemical skin reactions is one of the severe complications. Given the widespread use of povidone-iodine, clinicians need to be aware of this possible adverse drug reaction and of preventive cautions. This report presents two cases about povidone-iodine related skin reaction (these reactions are also called as chemical burns or chemical skin reactions) which are encountered in our hospital (Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey) to point this important issue.

Antimicrobial evaluation of modified herbal and allopathic dental rinse solution against virulent strains.

Background: Mouthwashes are antiseptic solutions and produce anti-inflammatory properties against periodontal infections in humans. Several in-vitro studies have been performed against virulent strains, as evidenced by an appropriate knowledge about their quality, effectiveness and safety in this research. This study is designed to test the antimicrobial effects and evaluation of mouthwashes against pathogens involved in dental caries and oral infections.&#x0D; Methodology: Rinse solution (Mouthwash) has been developed by three different formulations. Anti-caries solutions were applied and checked against virulent bacterial and fungal pathogens. The antimicrobial effectiveness was identified using the agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).&#x0D; Results: Chemisol showed potential killing activity and a zone of inhibition against pathogens ranging in 21-30 mm, which comparatively have higher zones than biosol and herbisol. Biosol also indicated efficacy within 11-13 mm zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhi ATCC-14028, Salmonella enterica ATCC-6017 resistant to herbisol and chemisol. Moreover, biosol exhibited greater MIC against most microorganisms at direct concentration and 1:10 dilution compared to herbisol and chemisol.&#x0D; Conclusion: The significant difference observed in the antimicrobial activities of herbal, herbal &amp; allopathic combination and allopathic dental washes against pathogenic strains. This study concluded that proper gargling with mouth wash solutions reduces the risk of life-threatening strains from fecal water &amp; food.

The Antimicrobial Efficacy of four different Intracanal Medication to Microorganisms existing in the Failure of Endodontic Therapy: An in vitro study

Aim.This study aims to identify the efficacy of different intracanal medication formulations existing in end of endodontic therapy’s failure, and related to strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus in Petri plates. Materials and methods. It was used diffusion test in agar where each Petri plate with the inoculated bacteria. Perforations of approximately 4 mm deep by 5 mm in diameter were made to prepare where the intracanal drug (25 µl) to be tested. The diameters of the bacterial inhibition zones were measured and registered to each tested medication at the period of 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 and 14 days respectively. Results. All the medications promoted inhibition halos. The inhibition halos were represented in mm. A higher elimination of micro-organisms can be significantly achieved through the association of different substances in the formulation of an intra canal medication, with emphasis to Ca (OH)2 combined with nitrofurazone and magnesium oxide respectively. Conclusion. Cleaning and shaping of the root canal system associated with the chemical combination of Ca (OH) 2 with antiseptic pastes or solutions considerably reduce the bacterial load.

The Antimicrobial Efficacy of four different Intracanal Medication to Microorganisms existing in the Failure of Endodontic Therapy: An in vitro study

Aim.This study aims to identify the efficacy of different intracanal medication formulations existing in end of endodontic therapy’s failure, and related to strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus in Petri plates. Materials and methods. It was used diffusion test in agar where each Petri plate with the inoculated bacteria. Perforations of approximately 4 mm deep by 5 mm in diameter were made to prepare where the intracanal drug (25 µl) to be tested. The diameters of the bacterial inhibition zones were measured and registered to each tested medication at the period of 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 and 14 days respectively. Results. All the medications promoted inhibition halos. The inhibition halos were represented in mm. A higher elimination of micro-organisms can be significantly achieved through the association of different substances in the formulation of an intra canal medication, with emphasis to Ca (OH)2 combined with nitrofurazone and magnesium oxide respectively. Conclusion. Cleaning and shaping of the root canal system associated with the chemical combination of Ca (OH) 2 with antiseptic pastes or solutions considerably reduce the bacterial load.