Antiseptic Effects Research Articles

The use of aromatherapy in pediatric practice

Aromatherapy is a method of treatment using natural essential oils injected into the body through the respiratory tract, skin and (or) mucous membranes. Currently, about 3,000 essential oil plants have been studied, from which over 500 organic compounds have been isolated and identified, the number of which in the composition of one essential oil can vary from 120 to 500, and no essential oil has yet been fully investigated.
 Essential oils are multicomponent organic compounds of terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and other hydrocarbons produced by essential oil plants. Biologically active substances of essential oils have a low molecular weight and therefore easily penetrate the skin through the bloodstream. The effect exerted on a person by essential oils is determined in two ways ― neuro-reflex and humoral. Each essential oil is multifunctional. The composition of essential oils can include up to 300 components, so they can have several medicinal properties at the same time, but there is a general trend in the action of essential oils. All of them have immunomodulatory, pronounced bactericidal and antiseptic effects, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties.
 In medical practice, the method of hardware aromatherapy is used, the active factor of which is a therapeutic respiratory environment that simulates the natural air background over plants. The study of the effect of essential oils in children's institutions showed their positive effect on the general condition of children, emotional tone, immunological reactivity and nonspecific protection factors, the frequency and severity of respiratory pathology, the course of the adaptation period. The beneficial effect of the complex effect of aromatherapy in the sensory room is shown.
 Thus, the high efficiency of hardware aromatherapy, good tolerability, the availability of domestic equipment allows us to recommend the method for wide use in therapeutic and preventive and sanatorium-resort institutions.

An ultrafast and highly sensitive fluorescent probe for the detection of HSO3− and its application in food samples and SO2 gas

SO2 is one of the main components of air pollution gas, its derivatives HSO3− and SO32− were considerable used as food additive because of their antiseptic and bacteriostatic effects. Excessive intake of HSO3− is harmful to human health, so it is extremely important to detect the content of HSO3− in food sample by effective method. In this work, a small molecular fluorescence probe TPE-O based on tetraphenylethene fluorophore was designed and synthesized. The probe showed ultrafast (< 3 s) and obvious colorimetric response to HSO3− with high selectivity and sensitivity (LOD = 210 nM). The possible Michael-type addition of HSO3− on the activated C = C bond blocked the π-conjugated system, thus lead to changes in fluorescence and absorption spectra. Probe TPE-O not only can detect the content of HSO3− in sugar and wine, but also can be loaded on agarose hydrogel to detect SO2 gas. Therefore, this work provided a powerful tool for the detection of HSO3− in food samples and SO2 gas.

Contemporary Trends in Antiseptic Pocket Rinse in Primary Breast Implant Surgery.

Broad evidence supports the use of antiseptic pocket rinse in breast implant surgery to minimize the risk of capsular contracture or other complications. However, there is limited consensus or standardization of antiseptic rinse in practice. In this preliminary study, we sought to determine contemporary trends in antiseptic rinse use in primary breast implant surgery based on Australian Breast Device Registry (ABDR) data, and whether these trends align with the suggestions of the 14-point plan. This further served as a feasibility study for subsequent comparison of antiseptic rinse effects on clinical outcomes. Institutional ethics approval was obtained and national ABDR data for primary breast implant surgery from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed for the use and type of antiseptic rinse. The surgeon-reported data were homogenized with regard to terminology and categorized by major trends, and the literature was reviewed. We analyzed data for 37,143 patients, totaling 73,935 primary implants. Antiseptic rinse included povidone-iodine (PVP-I) in 35,859 (48.5%), no antiseptic use in 24,216 (32.8%), other concentrations of PVP-I in 4200 (5.7%), and Betadine triple antibiotic in 1831 implants (2.5%). Multiple other antiseptic permutations were noted in 7004 implants (9.5%). The majority (56.7%) of Australian practitioners utilize previously described antiseptic pocket irrigation solutions that align with the 14-point plan. A third (32.8%), however, do not record any antiseptic pocket irrigation. These findings will permit a subsequent (ongoing) study of outcomes comparing PVP-I pocket rinse to no antiseptic pocket rinse, which will likely constitute the largest study of its kind.

A Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Properties of plant Tridax procumbeans

Tridax procumbeans Linn., a member of the Asteraceae family, is an Ayurvedic herb that has been traditionally used in Asia. Throughout ancient times, Tridax procumbeans has been employed for the treatment of wounds, skin diseases, and as a remedy for preventing blood clotting in traditional medicine. It exhibits a range of beneficial properties including anticoagulant, antiseptic, insecticidal, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. This herb is widely recognized for its therapeutic potential. Native to tropical America, Tridax procumbeans is found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, including various parts of India. Referred to as "coat button" in English and locally known as "Ghamara," it is also commonly referred to as "bhringraj" and used in Ayurvedic medicine for liver diseases and hair problems. The plant's different components contain a variety of phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, carotenoids, saponins, fumaric acid, and tannins. These compounds make it a valuable source for novel drug development. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties of T. procumbeans. Scientific research on Tridax procumbeans has been gathered from reputable sources such as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed.

Decamethoxin and chlorhexidine bigluconate effect on the adhesive and biofilm-forming properties of Streptococcus mitis.

Was to investigate the effect of antiseptics on the adhesive and biofilm-forming properties of clinical S.mitis isolates isolated from the oral cavity of patients with an infectious and inflammatory post-extraction complication. Twenty four clinical isolates of S.mitis isolated from patients were studied. The studied antiseptics included 0.02% aqueous solution of decamethoxin and 0.05% solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate. Adhesion of clinical isolates under the action of decamethoxin and chlorhexidine bigluconate was determined by the method of V.I. Brillis. The biofilm-forming properties of clinical isolates were studied using the "microtiter plate test" according to G.D. Christensen. The studied clinical isolates of S.mitis are classified as highly adherent microorganisms. Action of decamethoxin on clinical isolates decreases the adhesion index of the studied isolates in comparison with the adhesion index of the control culture. Action of chlorhexidine bigluconate on S.mitis isolates increases of adhession of the studied clinical isolates in comparison with the control. After the effect of decamethoxin, the optical density of clinical isolates decreased considering the optical density results of the control. The clinical isolates left an average film-forming capacity even after chlorhexidine bigluconate action. Clinical isolates of S.mitis are highly adherent microorganisms. The antiseptic decamethoxin decreases the adhesion index of these bacteria, while chlorhexidine bigluconate increases the adhesion index of clinical S.mitis isolates. Clinical S. mitis isolates have an average biofilm formation capacity index. The antiseptic decamethoxin inhibits the biofilm formation capacity of S.mitis from medium to low.

Comparative analysis of chlorhexidine-containing antiseptic agents used in periodontics and implantology

Relevance. Despite the variety of antibacterial drugs, including multicomponent ones, chlorhexidine-containing antiseptics are nowadays the gold standard of antiseptic products relevant for periodontal therapy. At the same time, adverse side effects and new data about unfavourable chlorhexidine effects on the microbiome determine it necessary to search for a new optimal chlorhexidine-containing product that combines high effectiveness and relative safety. Purpose. The study aimed to compare and analyze the effectiveness of chlorhexidine-containing antiseptics used in dental practice.Material and Methods. The study analyzed the results of clinical studies published from 2018 to 2023 and devoted to the investigation of chlorhexidine effectiveness in the treatment of periodontal diseases. The publications were searched in the Pub Med database by the keywords 'chlorhexidine', 'periodontal disease', and 'periodontitis'. A total of eighty-four publications corresponded to the search criteria. After the primary analysis of all available publications corresponding to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we studied and analyzed 32 publications.Results. The analysis of the publications for the past five years extracted a trend for a more frequent increase of chlorhexidine concentrations to 0.12% and 0.2% in periodontal therapy medications.Conclusion. Prescribing chlorhexidine-containing medications should be reasonable and respond to the characteristics of the clinical picture. At that, a thorough selection of chlorhexidine active agent concentration, a form of presentation and duration of use should correspond to the clinical situation and goal.

Factorial design of in situ gelling two-compartment systems containing chlorhexidine for the treatment of periodontitis

Periodontitis is one of the most widespread bacterial infectious oral diseases that affects a significant percentage of the population worldwide. Different bacterial strains are responsible for the chronic inflammation and subgingival plaque that could be effectively treated with prolonged exposure to therapeutic levels of antibiotics and antiseptics in the periodontal pockets. Medicated in situ gels of chlorhexidine (CHX), for extended drug release and long-lasting antiseptic effect in the targeted cavities, were prepared in a two-compartment system. One compartment was loaded with sodium alginate solution while other was filled with CHX and calcium solution. The mixing of the solutions during the application resulted in gelation. Two 33 full factorial designs were applied in this study in order to optimize the gel formulation. Initially, the effects of concentration of gelling agent, crosslinker, and pH of the system on the dependent variables such as gel formation and structure characteristics were investigated. Then, the concentration of the crosslinker was optimized. Afterwards, the effect of gelling agent, loading of the drug, and pH of the gel system were correlated with the gel characteristics through another factorial design. Optimized formulations were tested for mucoadhesion, in vitro drug release, and microbiological investigation. Based on the results of the factorial design, mucoadhesiveness, antimicrobial investigation, and drug release, a 4 % alginate composition can be considered optimal. Overall, the optimized in situ periodontal gel was found to be effective with prolonged retention time and desirable outcomes.

Evaluation of glycerol antiseptic effect on Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria

Evaluation of glycerol antiseptic effect on Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties of antiseptics against multidrug resistant clinical Escherichia coli strains, isolated from combat wounds

The necessity for the investigation of novel approaches and strategies for the treatment of multidrug-resistant E. coli related infections becomes more and more essential. Purpose - to investigate and compare the level of antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of antiseptic preparations against MDR clinical isolates of E. coli. Materials and methods. In vitro effectiveness of modern antiseptics; octenidine 0.1% (OCT), polyhexanide 0.1% (PHMB), chlorhexidine 0.5% (CHG), miramistin 0.01% (MRM), decamethoxine 0.1% 0.02% (DCM), povidone-iodine 10% (PVP-I), was determined against forty-six polyresistant clinical strains of E. coli. MIC, MBC were found by standard methods, the value of which was interpreted as a bacteriostatic and bactericidal index of antiseptic activity (BS IAA and BC IAA). The effect of antiseptics on the immature biofilm was modelled using the Christensen test. Results. MIC and MBC values were the lowest in DCM and OCT. The highest values of the antiseptic activity index (IAA&gt;4) were determined for the antiseptics PHMB 0.1%, OCT 0.1% and DCM 0.1%. It was found that the feasibility of using MRM at a concentration of 0.01% is questionable as the BS IAA is above the threshold value, while the BC IAA is not. The effectiveness of PVP-I 1% against MDR E. coli was found insufficient. Sub-bacteriostatic concentrations of DCM, CHG, and PHMB reliably inhibited the formation of E. coli biofilms within 24 hours. MRM and PVP-I in sub-bacteriostatic concentrations stimulated biofilm formation. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of all conducted studies, 0.1% and 0.02% DCM, 0.05% CHG, 0.1% OCT, 0.1% PHMB, 10% and 2% PVP-I are the most active against MDR clinical isolates of E. coli. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RED BETEL LEAF AND ALOE VERA IN THE TREATMENT OF PERINEAL WOUNDS: LITERATURE REVIEW

Treatment of perineal wounds in postpartum women can be done by pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods, namely through complementary therapy with the use of herbs, which is betel leaf and aloe vera that have anti-inflammatory, anti-septic, anti-fungal and antibacterial effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of red betel leaf and aloe vera in the treatment of perineal wounds. This study uses a Literature Review, journal searches using Medline, PubMed, Tandfonline and Google Scholar databases for the last ten years. Analysis of the data used is descriptive statistics. Some literature discusses the treatment of perineal wounds using red betel leaf and aloe vera and has been shown to be effective in the perineum wound healing process in post artum mothers with an average length of healing that is faster than treatment without the intervention of red betel leaf and aloe vera. Conclusion, red betel leaf and aloe vera can be applied in the treatment of perineal wounds in postpartum.

Inhibitory effect of vanillin on Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae of kiwifruit surface and its effect on the quality of fruits

The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) adheres to the surface of kiwifruit and can spread over long distances during fruit transport and sales. It is crucial to investigate efficient approaches to eliminate Psa from the surface of kiwifruit, ensuring the prevention of Psa dissemination and maintaining the overall quality of kiwifruit. Vanillin is used for the preservation of agricultural products due to its antiseptic and bactericidal effect. In this paper, Psa was used to infect Cuiyu kiwifruits, and inhibition of exogenous vanillin on Psa and effects on the quality of the treated kiwifruits were investigated. According to the results of the inhibition of Psa through exposure to vanillin, the effectiveness of inhibition on the surface of kiwifruit was as follows: 61.29, 92.33, 96.79, and 100% for the concentrations of vanillin at 5.0 mg·mL−1, 6.0 mg·mL−1, 7.0 mg·mL−1, 8.0 mg·mL−1, 9.0 mg·mL−1, and 10.0 mg·mL−1, respectively. According to the quality results, kiwifruits treated with 8.0 mg·mL−1 vanillin exhibited a significant reduction in weight loss and rotting rate, with a decrease of 23.09 and 28.39% respectively, as compared to the control group. Additionally, thesetreated samples maintained a high level of total soluble solids, exhibited delayed degradation of total sugar content during a later period, inhibited an increase in respiratory intensity, and demonstrated increased firmness. Furthermore, vanillin treatment significantly increased the active values of superoxide, catalase, and peroxidase dismutase by 16.37, 28.75, and 23.92% respectively, compared to the control group. However, the levels of vitamin C and titratable acidity were not significantly affected by vanillin treatment. In conclusion, exogenous vanillin treatment exhibited potent inhibition capabilities against Psa, and effectively maintained the quality of kiwifruits during their shelf life. This study could provide reference basis for controlling the propagation of Psa and developing a new and natural kiwifruit preservative.

How to better select SARS-CoV-2 preservation solution of virus nucleic acid testing.

Sampling and testing for SARS-CoV-2 is a widely recognized method for identifying patients with COVID-19. However, there is limited research available on the stability of nucleic acids in viral storage solutions. This paper investigates the components that provide better protection for virus and nucleic acid detection. The study utilized real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 and evaluate the preservation effect and stability of SARS-CoV-2 viral storage solution under various conditions, including different guanidinium salts, brands, and storage conditions. All brands of inactivated virus preservation solutions demonstrated effective preservation and stability. However, 0.5 mol/L guanidine hydrochloride and guanidine isothiocyanate solutions exhibited poor antiseptic effects. Additionally, refrigerated storage showed better preservation compared to room temperature storage. We recommend using inactivated virus collection solution to preserve and transport samples and testing preferably within 6 hours to reduce false negatives of NAT results.

Effect of cationic antiseptics on fluorescent characteristics and electron transfer in cyanobacterial photosystem I complexes.

In this study, the effects of cationic antiseptics such as chlorhexidine, picloxidine, miramistin, and octenidine at concentrations up to 150µM on fluorescence spectra and its lifetimes, as well as on light-induced electron transfer in protein-pigment complexes of photosystem I (PSI) isolated from cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 have been studied. In doing so, octenidine turned out to be the most "effective" in terms of its influence on the spectral and functional characteristics of PSI complexes. It has been shown that the rate of energy migration from short-wavelength forms of light-harvesting chlorophyll to long-wavelength ones slows down upon addition of octenidine to the PSI suspension. After photo-separation of charges between the primary electron donor P700 and the terminal iron-sulfur center(s) FA/FB, the rate of forward electron transfer from (FA/FB)- to the external medium slows down while the rate of charge recombination between reduced FA/FB- and photooxidized P700+ increases. The paper considers the possible causes of the observed action of the antiseptic.

Comparison of normal saline and antiseptic solution effect on the early peristomal infection rates of patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes: A randomized double-blind study.

This study's aim was to compare the efficacy of normal saline (NS) with that of antiseptic solution in early peristomal skin care after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement in terms of peristomal infection incidence. This was a randomized controlled double-blind study conducted at a university hospital between December 2019 and April 2021. All patients who underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. The study population consisted of 64 patients randomized to group 1: NS (n = 31) and group 2: 0.1% polyhexamethylene biguanide and 0.1% betaine (PHMB-B; n = 33). Daily peristomal skin care was performed for 7 days, starting 24 h after insertion. Peristomal skin was evaluated by two blinded investigators before each dressing, and findings were recorded. Data analysis was performed with descriptive statistics; chi-square analysis; and exact, Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney U, and Cochran Q tests. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of peristomal infection rates (group 1: 12.9%, group 2: 9.07%; P > 0.05). Redness increased from day 4 in group 1 and day 5 in group 2, and exudate increased from day 5 in both groups. There is a statistical difference in the number of patients between the days when redness and exudate appear and increase. Both NS and PHMB-B solutions can be preferred in peristomal care. However, NS may be the first choice for early peristomal care that does not show signs of infection, because it is not irritating and allergic and is cost-effective.

Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. extract targeting DJ-1 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis through mitochondrial-induced ROS accumulation

Ethnopharmacological relevanceCelastrus orbiculatus Thunb. is an ancient traditional Chinese herb with a long history of medicinal use. The ethyl acetate extract of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. (COE) has been shown to have anti-tumor effects in various preclinical studies. However, the anti-invasive and metastatic efficacy of COE in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the mechanism by which COE regulates cellular oxidation levels are yet to be elucidated. AimTo study the anti-dissemination effect of COE on NSCLC and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of COE in regulating cellular oxidation levels and its effect on lung cancer invasion and metastasis. MethodsCCK-8 assay was used to detect the toxic effects of COE on NSCLC. Transwell assay and high-content imaging was used to detect the Motility of NSCLC. Transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional (3D) imaging of mitochondrial fluorescence were employed to detect the number and structure of mitochondria. JC-1 probe was used to detect the level of mitochondrial membrane potential. Firefly luciferase assay was used to detect the level of total intracellular ATP. MitoSox probe and DCFH-DA probe were applied to detect the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the mitochondria and the total intracellular ROS, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect protein expression in xenograft tumors. ResultsCOE inhibited motility and induced DJ-1 downregulation in NSCLC at low toxic concentrations, and the antiseptic effect of COE was reduced significantly after the overexpression of DJ-1. COE induced structural disruption of mitochondria in NSCLC and accumulation of superoxide compounds, decreased the volume of membrane potential depolarization, and impaired energy production, ultimately leading to a large accumulation of ROS at the cellular level. The antioxidant acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly reversed the antiseptic capacity of COE. In a xenograft tumor model, protein expression of DJ-1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and MMP-2 in COE group was significantly changed compared to the model group. ConclusionIn the present study, COE inhibited NSCLC invasion and metastasis and was associated with the downregulation of DJ-1 and elevated ROS. COE-mediated downregulation of DJ-1 may be the primary cause of mitochondrial structural and functional dysfunction in NSCLC, eventually leading to ROS accumulation.

Evaluation of the Antiseptic Effect of the Anolyte Solution on Laboratory Rats

An experimental study of the antiseptic properties of the Anolyte solution was carried out. The developed anolyte solution has an antiseptic effect, especially active against Escherichia coli, which indicates the possibility of its use in the complex therapy of purulent wounds.

Liang-Ge-San: a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula, attenuates acute inflammation via targeting GSK3β.

Sepsis is a serious life-threatening health disorder with high morbidity and mortality rates that burden the world, but there is still a lack of more effective and reliable drug treatment. Liang-Ge-San (LGS) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and is a promising candidate for the treatment of sepsis. However, the anti-sepsis mechanism of LGS has still not been elucidated. In this study, a set of genes related to inflammatory chemotaxis pathways was downloaded from Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and integrated with sepsis patient information from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to perform differential gene expression analysis. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) was found to be the feature gene after these important genes were examined using the three algorithms Random Forest, support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-REF), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and then intersected with possible treatment targets of LGS found through the search. Upon evaluation, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of GSK-3β indicated an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Immune cell infiltration analysis suggested that GSK-3β expression was associated with a variety of immune cells, including neutrophils and monocytes. Next, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced zebrafish inflammation model and macrophage inflammation model was used to validate the mechanism of LGS. We found that LGS could protect zebrafish against a lethal challenge with LPS by down-regulating GSK-3β mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by a decreased neutrophils infiltration and reduction of inflammatory damage. The upregulated mRNA expression of GSK-3β in LPS-induced stimulated RAW 264.7 cells also showed the same tendency of depression by LGS. Critically, LGS could induce M1 macrophage polarization to M2 through promoting GSK-3β inactivation of phosphorylation. Taken together, we initially showed that anti-septic effects of LGS is related to the inhibition on GSK-3β, both in vitro and in vivo.

New generation antiseptics and disinfectants for the prevention and treatment of diseases in animals

The main etiological factors for the occurrence of limb diseases in cows were unsatisfactory sanitary and hygienic conditions. At the same time, the incidence of cows with mastitis was 22.8-28.6%. Antiseptics and disinfectants used for the treatment and prevention of such diseases are not effective enough. The purpose of this work was to identify the role and effectiveness of antiseptics and disinfectants of a new generation in the conditions of livestock complexes for the production of milk, as well as during operations on small animals in clinics in St. Petersburg.

Characterization of the Antimicrobial Activities of Trichoplusia ni Cecropin A as a High-Potency Therapeutic against Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli.

The spread of colistin-resistant bacteria is a serious threat to public health. As an alternative to traditional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show promise against multidrug resistance. In this study, we investigated the activity of the insect AMP Tricoplusia ni cecropin A (T. ni cecropin) against colistin-resistant bacteria. T. ni cecropin exhibited significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against colistin-resistant Escherichia coli (ColREC) with low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells in vitro. Results of permeabilization of the ColREC outer membrane as monitored through 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine uptake, scanning electron microscopy, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) neutralization, and LPS-binding interaction revealed that T. ni cecropin manifested antibacterial activity by targeting the outer membrane of E. coli with strong interaction with LPS. T. ni cecropin specifically targeted toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and showed anti-inflammatory activities with a significant reduction of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages stimulated with either LPS or ColREC via blockade of TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling. Moreover, T. ni cecropin exhibited anti-septic effects in an LPS-induced endotoxemia mouse model, confirming its LPS-neutralizing activity, immunosuppressive effect, and recovery of organ damage in vivo. These findings demonstrate that T. ni cecropin exerts strong antimicrobial activities against ColREC and could serve as a foundation for the development of AMP therapeutics.

Preprocedural Viral Load Effects of Oral Antiseptics on SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review.

(1) There are limited clinical trials to support the effectiveness of mouth rinses when used as a preprocedural rinse against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of antiseptic mouth rinses as a preprocedural rinse in reducing SARS-CoV-2 oral viral load in-vivo. (2) Methods: A literature search was conducted through November 2022 for the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The evaluated outcomes were quantitative changes in viral load and the statistical significance of that change after using antiseptic mouth rinses. (3) Results: 14 randomized controlled trials (RCT) were selected for risk of bias assessment and data extraction. (4) Conclusion: Within the limits of this systematic review, preprocedural mouth rinses may significantly reduce SARS-CoV-2 in the mouth, thus, reducing the viral particles available for airborne dispersion. Preprocedural mouth rinses may be an effective strategy for reducing airborne SARS-CoV-2 dispersion in the environment. Their use may be a preventive strategy to reduce the spread of COVID-19 in selected medical and healthcare facilities, including dental clinics. Potential preprocedural mouth rinses are identified for use as an integral part of safe practice for healthcare protocols. This systematic review was registered with the National Institute for Health Research, international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42022315177.