Antiseptic Drugs Research Articles

Drug-Loaded Halloysite Nanotube-Reinforced Electrospun Alginate-Based Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Sustained Antimicrobial Protection.

Halloysite nanotube (HNT)-reinforced alginate-based nanofibrous scaffolds were successfully fabricated by electrospinning to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) structure which is beneficial for tissue regeneration. An antiseptic drug, cephalexin (CEF)-loaded HNT, was incorporated into the alginate-based matrix to obtain sustained antimicrobial protection and robust mechanical properties, the key criteria for tissue engineering applications. Electron microscopic imaging and drug release studies revealed that CEF had penetrated into the lumen space of the HNT and also deposited on the outer walls, with a total loading capacity of 30 wt %. Moreover, the diameter of alginate-based nanofibers of the scaffolds ranged from 40 to 522 nm with well-aligned HNTs, resulting in superior mechanical properties. For instance, the addition of 5% (w/w) HNT improved the tensile strength (σ) and elastic modulus by 3-fold and 2-fold, respectively, compared to those of the alginate-based scaffolds without HNT. The fabricated scaffolds exhibited remarkable antimicrobial properties against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and the cytotoxicity studies confirmed the nontoxicity of the fabricated scaffolds. Drug release kinetics showed that CEF inside HNTs diffuses within 24 h and that the diffusion of the drug is delayed by 7 days once the CEF-loaded HNTs are incorporated into the alginate-based nanofibers. These fabricated alginate-based electrospun scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties and sustained antimicrobial protection hold great potential to be used as artificial ECM scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

Problems and countermeasures on the management and application of antiseptic drugs in Chinese hospitals

Antiseptic drugs are the most popular anti-infectious drugs in daily use in hospitals, making significant contribution to public health. In view of the increasingly serious problems in the use and management of antiseptic drugs, the Chinese government has taken a series of measures to guide their rational use. However, due to the imperfect regulatory mechanism and weak sense of rational drug use, the problem of irrational use of antiseptic drugs is still existing. By studying the current situation and existing problems of antiseptic drugs in the country, this paper discussed the effective management means of such drugs, and provided feasible strategies and suggestions for standardizing their rational use. Key words: Antiseptic drugs; Antiseptic drug management; Use of antiseptic drugs; Rational use of drugs; Countermeasures

Dynamic study on the use of antiseptic drugs at tertiary public hospitals: basis on clinical application monitoring network for antiseptic drugs

Objective To dynamically study the use of antiseptic at tertiary public hospitals in the localities for general information. Methods In this paper, the panel data were analyzed using dynamic monitoring data from the monitoring network for clinical application of antiseptic drugs . Such means as descriptive statistical analysis, single-factor analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to learn the use and monitoring of such drugs. Results We found that the use of such at tertiary hospitals has improved significantly nationwide in recent years, yet with some gaps up to the standard. Given such progress, the economic and social burden caused by the unreasonable use of antiseptic calls for more attention. Conclusions It is imperative to strengthen the supervision of such and promote their rational use so as to reduce the social and economic burden. Key words: Tertiary public hospital; Use of antiseptic drug; Rational drug use; Economic burden

Study on the social and economic burden of antiseptic resistance of two popular drug-resistant bacteria

Objective To study the socioeconomic burden of bacterial resistance incurred by taking carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli as examples. Methods Such indexes as disability-adjusted life years and health utility values were used to conduct a socioeconomic analysis of drug resistance. Results The economic burden caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli resistance among inpatients of 187 members of the national antiseptic drug clinical application monitoring network in 2015 was as high as 260.498 9 million yuan and 352.325 8 million yuan respectively. The years of healthy life lost due to disability were 4 658.02 years and 6 346.97 years respectively. Conclusions This study introduced indexes such as disability-adjusted life years and health utility values, to scientifically innovate the measurement of the economic burden of drug resistance from the perspective of economic burden of diseases. Key words: Klebsiella pneumoniae; Escherichia coli; Drug resistance, bacterial; Social and economic burdens

Imidazole-molecule-capped chitosan–gold nanocomposites with enhanced antimicrobial activity for treating biofilm-related infections

Biofilms that are widely associated with persistent bacterial infections impose a heavy burden on patients primarily due to their formidable resistance to conventional antiseptic drugs and local immune defense. Here, we successfully synthesized functional gold nanocomposites (CS-Au@MMT) by reducing chloroauric acid in the presence of biocompatible chitosan polymers with cationic amine and the small molecule 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole (MMT). The cationic amine allowed transport of the CS-Au@MMT to the negatively charged sites at the surface of bacterial cells though electrostatic adhesion, with synergistic effects from the gold nanoparticles and MMT then exerting a strong bactericidal effect to inhibit biofilm formation. For established mature biofilms, CS-Au@MMT was able to adhere to the biofilm surface to render nearby bacterial cells inactive, resulting in biofilm rupture. This allowed CS-Au@MMT to penetrate through the biofilm, leading to sustained damage and achieving biofilm elimination. Furthermore, the nanocomposites efficiently inhibited infections induced by mature biofilm in vivo. These findings indicated that the CS-Au@MMT nanocomposites provide ease of synthesis and fabrication, high bactericidal effect, and low toxicity; thus, they show potential as biofilm-disrupting agents for biomedical and industrial applications.

Peran Asosiasi Merek Berdasarkan Fungsi Merek dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kesediaan Pembelian Perluasan Merek Betadine pada Kategori Produk Lainnya

This paper studies the deminsions of equity brand. Focusing on the functions or value of the brand as perceived consumers. In this way, four categories of functions are indentified: guarantee, personal identification, social identification and status. It has objective, to know the influence of brand associations based on function toward consumer’s willingness to buy brand extensions. By way hypotheses, it has been proposed that these functions have positive influence on the consumer’s willingness to buy brand extensions. The hypotheses have been tested in the Surabaya antiseptic drug market and were partially supported and simultaneously supported. The result obtained confirm the convenience of analyzing brand associations separately and simultaneously enable the ascertaining of brand associations that are most relevant in order to attain certain the consumer’s willingness to buy brand extensions. Future research would also be interesting to conduct a comprehensive multicategory analysis in order to indetify the relative importance of various brand fuctions in different product categories, the more various sampling techniques and more samples, and selection of other brands so that to represent all users antiseptic drug in Surabaya

Evaluation of Collagen, Calcium Alginate Protectants on Healing of External Wound on Teat in Cows

A total number of 36 cross bred jersey cows with external teat injury without involving the teat cistern and with exposed teat sinus were subjected for the present study. Clinical examination of teat for its shape, length, distance from the ground and etiology of the teat wounds were recorded. Following preoperative evaluation, the animals were divided into Group I with 12 animals and treatment group with 24 animals each. Group I were treated with Povidone iodine solution. In treatment (Group II), after suturing the wound was protected with sheets of collagen and calcium alginate as protectants. The application of collagen based teat protectant is an effective methodology for favoring healing process of external injuries when compared to the conventional antiseptic drugs using Povidone iodine.

Avaliação dos tratamentos farmacológicos para dermatofitoses em animais de companhia

Dermatophytoses are skin infections that can be transmitted from the infected to companion animals or to humans. It is caused by keratinophilic fungi called dermatophytes. The objective of this work is to evaluate the pharmacological treatments for dermatophytoses in companion animals of the animals treated at the University Veterinary Clinic of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná - PUCPR Campus Toledo in the period from March 15, 2017 to August 08, 2017 and compare them to the bibliography. The agents most frequently found in this type of infection are of the genus Microsporum sp., Trichophyton sp. and Epidermophyton sp. They cause alopecia lesions, erythema, crusting and pruritus, requiring laboratory identification to confirm the diagnosis and may have long treatment or even reinfections, depending on therapeutic combinations for complete cure. It was evaluated nine cases, one case of feline species and eight cases of canine species. The most frequent lesion in cases of dermatophytosis was alopecia, allergy, pruritus and erythema. The most frequent fungal isolates in this study were Trichophyton sp. identified in eight animals of the canine species, and for the feline species Penicillium sp. a case. For the treatments used, they were mostly through shampoos containing antimicrobial and antiseptic drugs in their formulation, followed by systemic use of oclacitinib maleate, fluconazole, itraconazole, respectively. It was also observed the association of the baths with shampoo and medications of systemic use corroborating with the consulted bibliography, since the association of the topical and systemic therapies reduces the time of infection of the animal. Topical use through ointments was observed in two cases, one being in the feline where it replaced the bath with the shampoo.

Vibrational and electronic spectral analysis of thymol an isomer of carvacrol isolated from Trachyspermum ammi seed: A combined experimental and theoretical study

Abstract Phytochemical study of a natural product, Thymol an antiseptic drug was isolated from the seeds of Trachyspermum Ammi. The structure of thymol was established using spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, UV and GC–MS method. Density functional theory calculations were carried out for thymol and compared with its isomer carvacrol. DFT calculations have been performed at B3LYP/6–31 + G (d,p) level of theory for obtaining geometric and spectroscopic properties of thymol and carvacrol. The simulated vibrational spectrum of thymol at B3LYP/6–31 + G (d,p) shows a nice correlation with the experimental IR spectrum there by to confirm the structure of the isolated compound. The biological activity of thymol was carried out using molecular docking to identify the hydrogen bond lengths and binding energy with different antimicrobial protein. Further, electronic properties such as band gap, Ionization potential and electron affinities, inter-molecular interaction and thermodynamic properties were also simulated and reported for the first time.

Комбінована дія оптичного випромінювання синього й червоного спектрів та антисептичних препаратів на здатність до формування біоплівок ізолятами Proteus mirabilis

Комбінована дія оптичного випромінювання синього й червоного спектрів та антисептичних препаратів на здатність до формування біоплівок ізолятами Proteus mirabilis

Что выбрать – антисептик или нестероидный противовоспалительный препарат для лечения боли в горле?

Что выбрать – антисептик или нестероидный противовоспалительный препарат для лечения боли в горле?

Medicaments and oral healthcare 5. Adverse effects of -medications and over-the-counter drugs on teeth

Intrinsic tooth discoloration may occur as an adverse effect of fluoride and tetracyclines. Extrinsic tooth discoloration may occur as superficial staining or as discoloration of the superficial pellicle and/or biofilm due to chlorhexidine, liquid iron salts, essential oils, some antibiotics and stannous fluoride. Inhibition of orthodontic tooth movement has been reported due to the use of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. If medications or over-the-counter drugs induce hyposalivation or contain much sucrose, caries may develop. Erosion may occur if the acidity of medications or over-the-counter drugs is excessive. Attrition is a well-known adverse effect of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antiparkinson agents, and antipsychotics. Congenital dysplasia is observed following childhood treatment with cytostatic drugs. External cervical root resorption is an adverse effect of internal teeth-whitening products. Prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs and childhood treatment with cytostatic drugs may cause dental agenesis. Antiseptic drugs applied for external teeth-whitening and toothpastes with additional ingredients to prevent extrinsic discoloration and creation of calculus, may cause tooth hypersensitivity.

Enhanced Anti-Infective Efficacy of ZnO Nanoreservoirs through a Combination of Intrinsic Anti-Biofilm Activity and Reinforced Innate Defense.

The increasing prevalence of implant-associated infections (IAIs) imposes a heavy burden on patients and medical providers. Bacterial biofilms are recalcitrant to antiseptic drugs and local immune defense and can attenuate host proinflammatory response to interfere with bacterial clearance. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) play a dual role in antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities but compromise the cytocompatibility because of their intracellular uptake. Here, ZnO NPs were immobilized on titanium to form homogeneous nanofilms (from discontinuous to continuous) through magnetron sputtering, and the possible antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory effect of nano-ZnO films were investigated. Nano-ZnO films were found to prohibit sessile bacteria more than planktonic bacteria in vitro, and the antibacterial effect occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Using a novel mouse soft tissue IAI model, the in vivo results revealed that nano-ZnO films possessed outstanding antimicrobial efficacy, which could not be ascribed solely to the intrinsic anti-infective activity of nano-ZnO films observed in vitro. Macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), two important factors in innate immune response, were cocultured with nano-ZnO and bacteria/lipopolysaccharide in vitro, and the nano-ZnO films could enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of macrophages and PMNs through promoting phagocytosis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. This study provides insights into the anti-infective activity and mechanism of ZnO and consolidates the theoretical basis for future clinical applications of ZnO.

Acrinol: Dye with potential for nuclear staining in confocal laser endomicroscopy.

Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE)1) and endocytoscopy system (ECS)2) have made optical biopsy in the digestive tract a reality. However, for omission of biopsy histology, visualization of nuclei is essential. In ECS, nuclei can be observed after vital staining with methylene blue, toluidine blue etc.3), and vital staining in CLE requires venous injection or spraying of fluorescein into the gastrointestinal lumen4). However, fluorescein does not stain nuclei. Acriflavin, a topical antiseptic drug, can stain nuclei for CLE observation5), but it has not been widely used because of associated adverse events. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Detailed studying of the spectrum of antimicrobial activity of several new condensed polynuclear arens

Uncontrolled use of antimicrobial drugs leads to the selection and spread of resistant strains of microorganisms. Рhosphonium compounds and their derivatives have been chosen as very perspective during searching of new highly active antimicrobial and antiseptic drugs. Objective. To study antimicrobial action of some new condensed polynuclear arens at broad spectrum of reference cultures. Materials and methods. The phosphonium salt and its derivatives from the condensed polynuclear arens were studied. Fourteen reference cultures of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria from different taxonomic position and culture of yeast fungi genus Candida were used. Antimicrobial activity of the test substances was studied with micromethod with disposable polystyrene plates and Takachi microtitrator. Results. Phosphonium salt and it derivatives based on the condensed polynuclear arenes have high antimicrobial activity. The derivatives of phosphonium salt based on the condensed polynuclear arens (compound II) show the highest antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive microorganisms ( S. aureus 209, M . luteus ATCC 3941, and non-spore forms B. cereus ATCC 10702). The minimal inhibitory concentrations of this compound were 0,48 mcg/ml, 0,03 mcg/ml and 0,24 mcg/ml respectively. Less active antibacterial activity showed compound I. Its’ minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 1,95 mcg/ml against Gram-positive microorganisms ( S. aureus and 209 M . luteus ATCC 3941 and vegetative cells of spore-forming bacillus – B. cereus ATCC 10702). Both compounds have shown moderate antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative microorganisms. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were in range from 31,2 to 125 mcg/ml. Phosphonium salt and its derivative based on condensed polynuclear arenes, that were studied, exhibit moderate antifungal activity against C. utilis LIA - 01 (MIC of compound I was 31,2 mcg/ml, compound II – 7,8 mcg/ml; MFtC of compound I - 62,5 mcg/ml, compound II– 15,6 mcg/ml). Conclusions: It was established that phosphonium salt and its derivative based on the condensed polynuclear arenes, that were studied, demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity against gram-positive microorganisms. The compound II demonstrates higher antimicrobial activity than compound I. Both tested compounds showed moderate antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria and yeast fungi from the Candida genus .

Synthesis of New Fluoro-Benzimidazole Derivatives as an Approach towards the Discovery of Novel Intestinal Antiseptic Drug Candidates.

In the present study, nineteen new fluoro-benzimidazole derivatives, including nifuroxazide analogs, were synthesized by microwave-supported reactions and tested against a panel of pathogenic microorganisms consisting of resistant strains. The synthesized compounds were characterized and identified by FT-IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analyses, respectively. In vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of the synthesized compounds were determined by microdilution and by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. The compound 4-[5(6)-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-N'-(2-methylbenzylidene)]benzohydrazide (18) showed particularly high inhibitory activity against the gastro-intestinal pathogens, such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Escherichiacoli ATCC 8739, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311 standard strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) ranging from 0.49–0.98 µg/mL. The microbial panel contained a total of ten pathogens including Klebsiella sp., Mycobacterium sp., MRSA, etc., for which the level of inhibitory activity measured was higher than that exhibited by the tested concentrations (MIC > 1000 µg/mL). In vitro cytotoxicity results revealed that the inhibitory concentration (IC50) value (210.23 µg/mL) of compound 18 against CCD 841 CoN cells (human intestinal epithelial cell line) is about 430 times higher than its MIC90 value against the tested Escherichia coli strains. Furthermore, the docking study of compound 18 suggested that its structure is very compatible with the active site pocket of the phosphofructokinase-2 enzyme.

New insights into the codon usage patterns of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing (BPI) gene across nine species

Bactericidal/permeability-increasing (BPI) protein is a member of a new generation of proteins known as super-antibiotics that are implicated as endotoxin neutralising agents. Non-uniform usage of synonymous codons for a specific amino acid during translation of a protein is known as codon usage bias (CUB). Analysis of CUB and compositional dynamics of coding sequences could contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism and the evolution of a particular gene. In this study, we performed CUB analysis of the complete coding sequences of the BPI gene from nine different species. The codon usage patterns of BPI across different species were found to be influenced by GC bias, particularly GC3s, with a moderate bias in the codon usage of BPI. We found significant similarities in the codon usage patterns in BPI gene among closely related species, such as Sus_scrofa and Bos_taurus. Moreover, we observed evolutionary conservation of the most over-represented codon CUG for the amino acid leucine in the BPI gene across all species. In conclusion, our analysis provides a novel insight into the codon usage patterns of BPI. This information facilitates an improved understanding of the structural, functional and evolutionary significance of BPI gene among species, and provides a theoretical reference for developing antiseptic drug proteins with high efficiency across species.

Physical key properties of antibiotic-free, PLGA/HPMC-based in-situ forming implants for local periodontitis treatment

In-situ forming implants (ISFI) offer an interesting potential for the treatment of periodontitis, allowing for time-controlled drug release directly at the site of action (which is difficult to reach). For this purpose, ISFI loaded with antibiotics have been reported in the literature. But the use of antibiotic drugs at low doses over prolonged periods of time can lead to the development of bacterial resistances. This risk should be avoided. The aim of this study was to develop a novel type of in-situ forming implants, loaded with the antiseptic drug chlorhexidine. Special emphasis was placed on the physical properties of the systems, assuring a reliable residence time in the periodontal pockets of patients suffering from periodontitis. In particular, the risk of premature, accidental loss of the formulations due to mechanical stress (e.g. during tooth brushing and chewing) was to be reduced. Two commercially available drug products for local periodontitis treatment were studied for reasons of comparison: Chlo-site and Parocline. The syringeability and swelling behavior of the formulations were investigated, and the hardness, springiness, resilience and “stickiness” of the systems determined using extracted human teeth. Interestingly, the novel in-situ forming implants, based on PLGA/HPMC and being free of antibiotics, exhibit highly promising physical key properties: They are intensively sticking to teeth’ surfaces and provide adequate mechanical strength to assure reliable and prolonged residence times in periodontal pockets. In contrast, the commercial drug products showed limited adhesion and either rapidly shrank (Chlo-site), or substantially swelled and were mechanically very weak (Parocline).

The quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide by voltammetry on the carbositall electrode

The electrochemical behaviour of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been studied using the alternating current voltammetry with square wave modulation in the potential range of +1.0…–1.0 V on the carbositall electrode as a working and auxiliary electrode (vs Ag,AgCl/KCl(sat)). The peak was obtained at Ep = +0.16 V on the background of 0.1 Mol L–1 Na2SO4 and 0.01 Mol L–1 KHSO4 (pH≈2.4) with its height rising proportionally to the increase of H2O2 concentrations. The linear dependence was observed in the H2O2 concentration range of (1.7-10.2)×10–5 Mol L–1, the calibration curve equation was Ip = (8.6±0.7)×103с (r = 0.998); LOD = 6.16×10–6 Mol L–1, LOQ = 2.05×10–5 Mol L–1. To determine H2O2 in solutions of antiseptic drugs the standard addition method was used.

Оптимизация терапии диспластических ВПЧ-ассоциированных процессов

The objective: to determine the level of risk of developing clinical forms of papilloma virus infection (PVI) and possible ways of treatment and prevention of dysplastic diseases caused by human papilloma virus (HPV). Patients and methods. The study included 90 patients with diagnosed of oncogenic strains of HPV 16-68 (using the method of genotyping). The patients were divided into 3 groups in accordance with treatment aimed at the pathogenetic mechanisms of development of PVI and with the aim of reducing viral load, clinical manifestations and possible elimination of HPV. The first (I) group - 30 people - were given an injection of a-interferon 2b 3 mln per day, 10 injections; course dose - 30 mln. The course repeated in case of positive results of HPV (pre-selected strains) according to the same scheme or at intervals of 1-2 days; course dose - 30 mln. Second (II) group - 30 people - received indole-3-carbinol with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (I3C+EGCG) - a drug Epigalin® in the dose of 400 mg I3C and 90 mg EGCG (2 capsules per day). The course of taking in Epigalin® continued 6 months. The control group included patients in the amount of 30 people who did not receive specific oncoprotective immunomodulatory therapy. Results. As a result of the therapy after 3 months in group I patients who had received a-interferon-2b, elimination of HPV was observed in 76.2% of cases; in group II, treated with Epigalin® – in 86.4% of cases and in the control group not receiving additional metabolic therapy in 24% of cases. After 6 months in group I elimination of HPV was 92.6%, in group II it was 95.8%, which also shows better results of the effectiveness of interventions using I3C+EGCG – Epigalin®. Among patients treated in the period of rehabilitation after diathermocoagulation (DEC) drug Revitaxa (hyaluronic acid, tea tree, calendula, aloe vera, centella), epithelialization occurred on 7-10 days earlier, and without rough scar deformation. Conclusion. The use of metabolic immune replacement therapy of papillomavirus infection shows better results than the isolated use of electrosurgical (radio wave) treatment of dysplasia. The drug Epigalin® (a combination of 400 mg I3C and 90 mg EGCG) is an effective oncoprotective, normalizing the balance of estrogen with the drug, contributing to the elimination of HPV. The combination of the drug Epigalin® with a comprehensive reparative and antiseptic drug Revitaxa (suppositories) is optimal in cases of surgical treatment of lesions caused by HPV. Key words: human papilloma virus, elimination, interferon, Epigalin®, Revitaxa.