Antiresonance Effect Research Articles

Design and theoretical analysis of broadband bend-resistant low-loss hollow-core anti-resonant fiber

With the development of modern fiber-optic communication technology, bend-resistant low-loss fiber within the S+C+L bands is essential to meeting the requirements of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems, and a small-tube-added multi-nested hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (SM-HC-ARF) is proposed. In conventional double-nested HC-ARF, a pair of circular tubes are tangent to both the inner and outer tubes to form a multi-nested structure. A small tube is put in the gap between the nested structure to enhance the anti-resonance effect further. The influence of fiber structural parameters on transmission characteristics is analyzed by the finite element method combined with the perfect matching layer condition. The numerical results show that, in the range of 1460–1625 nm, the bending loss and the confinement loss are less than 1.17 (at a bending radius of 8 cm) and 0.80 dB/km, respectively. Specifically, at 1550 nm, the bending loss is 0.43 dB/km, and the confinement loss is 0.33 dB/km. The broadband anti-bending low-loss SM-HC-ARF can be expected to apply in the DWDM system and other optical communication technologies.

Rabi‐Like Splitting in Acoustic Cavity Coupled with Membrane‐Type Metasurface

Rabi‐like splitting effect in acoustics is demonstrated in a hybrid metasurface. The hybrid metasurface is composed of a membrane‐type acoustic metasurface and a Fabry–Perot (F–P) cavity. It is found that the transmission resonance of the F–P cavity is modulated to spectrum with two peaks around the resonant frequencies. The transmission valley in the middle of the two transmission peaks is caused by the antiresonance effect, and the phenomenon is similar to the Rabi‐splitting effect in quantum physics. The results are promising for utilization in designing acoustic wave devices like filtering and acoustic sensors with new mechanisms in hybrid metasurfaces.

Fiber-Optic Temperature and Humidity Sensor Based on Fabry-Perot Interference and Anti-Resonance Effect

Fiber-Optic Temperature and Humidity Sensor Based on Fabry-Perot Interference and Anti-Resonance Effect

Fiber-Optic Anti-Resonance and Interference Effect Superimposed Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Salinity With Low Crosstalk

Fiber-Optic Anti-Resonance and Interference Effect Superimposed Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Salinity With Low Crosstalk

Control design, analysis, and optimization of fractional-order delayed resonator for complete vibration absorption

The active vibration absorber can eliminate the vibration energy entirely from a primary system through its anti-resonance effect, which is widely applied to vibration-sensitive scenarios. This article focuses on the control design, analysis, and optimization problems for a novel vibration-absorption technique named fractional-order delayed resonator. Specifically, we develop a parameterized form for such a fractional delayed control logic and provide a detailed analysis concerning the control parameters. By the frequency-domain integer-order approximations, we design a control framework that applies to any of the position, velocity, and acceleration signal sources. Then, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is utilized to minimize the transmissibility error at the excitation frequency and determine the optimal approximation frequency band. Additionally, we discuss the stability preservation concern brought by different approximation configurations. Finally, we treat the order of the fraction as an additional tunable parameter to enhance the frequency sensitivity under delay discretization. The overall concept and analysis are validated by numerical simulations.

Dual-Parameter Sensor for Temperature and Strain Measurement Based on Antiresonance Effect and Few-Mode Fiber

A simple and novel hybrid interferometer based on the antiresonance (AR) effect and Mach–Zehnder interference (MZI), which enables simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain, is proposed and investigated. The sensor is made by cascading a 30 cm section of a few-mode fiber (FMF) and a 3.376 mm hollow-core fiber (HCF) through a single-mode fiber (SMF). The FMF and SMF are fused without misalignment to excite two stable modes, thereby forming a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Concurrently, the introduction of HCF can effectively excite the AR effect, which is manifested in the transmission spectrum as two different dips at the same time caused by the difference in the two physical mechanisms, showing diverse responses to both external temperature and strain. This difference can be used to construct a cross-coefficient matrix to implement the simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain. The experimental results demonstrate that the AR effect and MZI correspond to strain sensitivities of –0.87 and –2.29 pm/µε, respectively, and temperature sensitivities of 15.68 and –13.93 pm/°C, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor is also tested for repeatability, and the results show that it has good repeatability and great potential in sensing applications.

Highly Birefringent and Low-Loss Hollow-Core Anti-Resonant Fiber Based on a Hybrid Guidance Mechanism

A highly birefringent and low-loss hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) based on a hybrid guidance mechanism is proposed and investigated by using a finite element method. The hybrid guidance mechanism is caused by the anti-resonance effect and the total internal reflection effect. The proposed HC-ARF is obtained by employing twin symmetrical and mutually tangential elliptical arc anti-resonance layers (EA-ARLs) in a conventional 8-tube HC-ARF. Because of the anti-resonance mechanism and the total internal reflection mechanism in the EA-ARL, mode coupling appears between the core mode and the cladding mode. Simulation results indicate that the proposed HC-ARF can achieve birefringence as high as 10−2 in a near-infrared range of 1400 nm to 1600 nm and a low confinement loss (CL) of 7.74 × 10−4 dB/m (9.26 × 10−4 dB/m) for x- and y-polarization components of the fundamental mode (FM) at 1550 nm. In addition, the existence of the 8-tube anti-resonance structure in the cladding significantly suppresses the CL of the x-polarization component of the FM significantly, but the impact on the CL of the y-polarization FM can be ignored, which is determined mainly by the twin EA-ARLs. Furthermore, the performance of the birefringence and CL are also investigated by changing the values of other fiber structure parameters. Our proposed structure successfully shows the ability of the hybrid guidance mechanism in the application of CL manipulation of orthogonal polarization components.

Modelling and nonlinear analysis of the wave-induced vibrations of a single hybrid riser conveying two-phase flow

This paper analyses the nonlinear dynamic response of a single hybrid riser pipe to wave excitations. Detailed nonlinear equations of motion are derived for the riser pipe as it conveys two-phase flow. Hence its dynamics are described by two coupled nonlinear equations, relating to both longitudinal and transverse displacements. Wave excitations forcing the system are imposed as oscillating inline flow. In addition, considering that the riser is a structure that is vibrating in a moving fluid, the inline force is modelled with the extended Morison equation. These equations are solved by the method of multiple scale perturbation. Theoretical results show that longitudinal and transverse responses are coupled at some specified natural frequencies. Similarly, the riser pipe is also prone to primary and super-harmonic resonance excitations at some wave frequencies. This presents a complex nonlinear multi-frequency excitation problem identical to the numerical studies conducted on a typical single hybrid riser pipe based on the frequency response curves. The uncoupled primary resonance behaviour of the transverse displacements for all the void fractions studied exhibited a hardening nonlinear behaviour of non-unique responses and jump phenomenon. However, a distinctive feature of the harmonics was observed where the curves separate into two to form an isolated branch of periodic solutions. These are known as Isola. Also, the presence of internal resonance results in the transfer of energy between the planar axis resulting in undesirable axial resonance peaks which are destabilized by the presence of the nonlinear anti-resonance effect.

3D-nanoprinted on-chip antiresonant waveguide with hollow core and microgaps for integrated optofluidic spectroscopy.

Here, we unlock the properties of the recently introduced on-chip hollow-core microgap waveguide in the context of optofluidics which allows for intense light-water interaction over long lengths with fast response times. The nanoprinted waveguide operates by the anti-resonance effect in the visible and near-infrared domain and includes a hollow core with defined gaps every 176 µm. The spectroscopic capabilities are demonstrated by various absorption-related experiments, showing that the Beer-Lambert law can be applied without any modification. In addition to revealing key performance parameters, time-resolved experiments showed a decisive improvement in diffusion times resulting from the lateral access provided by the microgaps. Overall, the microgap waveguide represents a pathway for on-chip spectroscopy in aqueous environments.

3D-Nanoprinted Antiresonant Hollow-Core Microgap Waveguide: An on-Chip Platform for Integrated Photonic Devices and Sensors.

Due to their unique capabilities, hollow-core waveguides are playing an increasingly important role, especially in meeting the growing demand for integrated and low-cost photonic devices and sensors. Here, we present the antiresonant hollow-core microgap waveguide as a platform for the on-chip investigation of light-gas interaction over centimeter-long distances. The design consists of hollow-core segments separated by gaps that allow external access to the core region, while samples with lengths up to 5 cm were realized on silicon chips through 3D-nanoprinting using two-photon absorption based direct laser writing. The agreement of mathematical models, numerical simulations and experiments illustrates the importance of the antiresonance effect in that context. Our study shows the modal loss, the effect of gap size and the spectral tuning potential, with highlights including extremely broadband transmission windows (>200 nm), very high contrast resonance (>60 dB), exceptionally high structural openness factor (18%) and spectral control by nanoprinting (control over dimensions with step sizes (i.e., increments) of 60 nm). The application potential was demonstrated in the context of laser scanning absorption spectroscopy of ammonia, showing diffusion speeds comparable to bulk diffusion and a low detection limit. Due to these unique properties, application of this platform can be anticipated in a variety of spectroscopy-related fields, including bioanalytics, environmental sciences, and life sciences.

Simultaneous measurement of salinity and temperature based on Fabry-Perot interference and anti-resonance effect

In this work, we demonstrate a novel cascaded fiber-optic structure depending on Fabry-Perot interference and anti-resonance (AR) effect for seawater salinity and temperature simultaneous measurement. An in-fiber microchannel Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) is obtained in a single-mode fiber (SMF) by using femtosecond laser radiation and hydrofluoric acid corrosion, which is filled with thermosensitive polymer and able to measure the temperature. A section of hollow-core fiber (HCF) is fused between the SMFs with the square micro-slots ablated on the ends, and the liquid can easily flow into the HCF. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the capillary-type HCF was used as a microfluidic device to measure seawater salinity. Through model analysis and experimental tests, it is confirmed that the proposed sensor can simultaneously measure the salinity and temperature, the corresponding minimum detectable resolutions reach 0.0008‰ and 0.001 ℃, respectively. The performance tests show that the sensor has accurate measurement results, good stability, and repeatability. Besides, the proposed HCF-based internal liquid analysis structure is a promising approach for highly reliable and ultrasensitive biochemical sensing.

Subharmonic resonance and antiresonance characteristics for high-frequency confined interface vibration inkjet printing

Confined interface vibration inkjet printing (CIVIJP) in another immiscible liquid phase has been investigated previously as a novel strategy proposed for actively generating ultra-fine droplets, which can be dozens of times smaller than the orifice from which they are ejected. However, the working frequency of this novel CIVIJP technique is much lower than the traditional inkjet printing, and the unique droplet generation mechanism and the interface behavior of CIVIJP are still unapprehended at high working frequency. Here, the CIVIJP working at high frequency was explored to reveal the droplet generation mechanism and improve its printing efficiency. The subharmonic resonance and antiresonance effects which have a final influence on the interface behavior and size of the droplets were found in the case of high working frequency. The droplets' size will fluctuate regularly with the increasing printing frequency induced by the residual vibrations. The subharmonic resonance and antiresonance depend on whether the residual movement of the meniscus is in-phase or out-of-phase with the next droplet formation cycle. The mechanism of this phenomenon was delineated in detail, and the theoretical predicted optimal resonance frequencies were in good agreement with the experimental values. Based on the above mechanisms, a new route was proposed to regulate the size of the droplets facilely. The antiresonance effect was successfully utilized to develop an unprecedented droplet propelling regime after the droplet being dispensed with the same nozzle.

Simultaneous Measurement of Salinity and Temperature Based on Fabry-Perot Interference and Anti-Resonance Effectsimultaneous Measurement of Salinity and Temperature Based on Fabry-Perot Interference and Anti-Resonance Effect

Simultaneous Measurement of Salinity and Temperature Based on Fabry-Perot Interference and Anti-Resonance Effectsimultaneous Measurement of Salinity and Temperature Based on Fabry-Perot Interference and Anti-Resonance Effect

Experimental tests of the antiresonance vibratory mill of a sectional movement trajectory

Abstract The results of experimental tests of the antiresonance vibratory mill of a sectional movement trajectory are presented in this article. The application of the antiresonance effect in the vibratory mill operations is the unique solution. It allows us to achieve a high amplitude of mill chamber vibrations at a negligible influence of the machine suspension on foundations and the surrounding environment. This article is focused on the determination of the filling degree of the mill chamber on the antiresonance effect pathway as well as on the possibility of its application under industrial conditions.

Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Pressure Based on Ring-Shaped Sensing Structure With Polymer Coated No-Core Fiber

A ring-shaped structure based on polymer coated no-core fiber (NCF) is presented for simultaneous temperature and pressure measurements. The sensing structure is fabricated by splicing the partially coated NCF between single-mode fibers and bending it into a loop. The anti-resonance effect is formed in the NCF and the resonant dips have wavelength shift responses to the temperature and displacement variations. It should be noted that the increase of temperature leads to a decrease in the polymer coating refractive index and changes the displacement measurement sensitivity, thus, the compensation algorithm is required to resolve this cross-sensitivity problem. Combining the ring-shaped structure with the elastic diaphragm encapsulation can convert seawater pressure into structural deformation displacement to achieve pressure measurement. The experimental and simulation results show that this sensor offers a high temperature sensitivity of −5.098 nm/°C with the resolution of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times 10^{-4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> °C and a pressure sensitivity of −2.368 nm/MPa with the resolution of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.4\times 10^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MPa. In addition, the sensing performances could be changed by adjusting the NCF size and the ring-shaped structure diameter, which enables this sensing structure to have a broader application potential for seawater parameter measurement.

Fiber-integrated hollow-core light cage for gas spectroscopy

Interfacing integrated on-chip waveguides with spectroscopic approaches represents one research direction within current photonics aiming at reducing geometric footprints and increasing device densities. Particularly relevant is to connect chip-integrated waveguides with established fiber-based circuitry, opening up the possibility for a new class of devices within the field of integrated photonics. Here, one attractive waveguide is the on-chip light cage, confining and guiding light in a low-index core through the anti-resonance effect. This waveguide, implemented via 3D nanoprinting and reaching nearly 100% overlap of mode and material of interest, uniquely provides side-wise access to the core region through the open spaces between the cage strands, drastically reducing gas diffusion times. Here, we extend the capabilities of the light cage concept by interfacing light cages and optical fibers, reaching a fully fiber-integrated on-chip waveguide arrangement with its spectroscopic capabilities demonstrated here on the example of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy of ammonia. Controlling and optimizing the fiber circuitry integration have been achieved via automatic alignment in etched v-grooves on silicon chips. This successful device integration via 3D nanoprinting highlights the fiber-interfaced light cage to be an attractive waveguide platform for a multitude of spectroscopy-related fields, including bio-analytics, lab-on-chip photonic sensing, chemistry, and quantum metrology.

Transmission through a one-dimensional photonic lattice modulated by the side-coupled PT-symmetric non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger chain

We theoretically study the quantum transmission through a one-dimensional photonic lattice that couples laterally to the one parity-time ( P T )-symmetric non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) chain. It is found that the SSH chain plays important roles in modifying the transmission properties of this system. In the case of weak coupling, the effect of the SSH chain is manifested mainly as the antiresonance caused by the edge states when it is in a topologically nontrivial region. And when the P T -symmetric complex potentials are introduced at the ends of the SSH chain, the edge states undergo P T -symmetry breaking accompanied by a notable change in transmission function spectra. On the other hand, few changes can be observed in the topologically trivial region of the SSH chain. For the strong coupling case, the antiresonance effect of the non-Hermitian SSH chain is apparently modified. Our findings provide helpful content for describing the physics properties of the P T -symmetric non-Hermitian SSH chain.

Theoretical investigation on the acoustic performance of Helmholtz resonator integrated microperforated panel absorber

Broadband sound absorption at low frequency with minimal space consumption and material cost is a trending research problem in engineering acoustics. Conventional sound absorbers like porous materials and microperforated panels (MPP) are not good enough to absorb sound in the low frequency regime. To enhance the acoustic performance, Helmholtz resonator with inserted neck (HRIN) is integrated with MPP in this investigation. The sound absorption characteristics of series and parallel arrangements of both MPP and multiple HRINs are theoretically modelled using electro-acoustic analogy and the results are compared with full field finite element simulations. Most importantly, it is observed that the parallel arrangement of MPP and multiple HRINs considerably reduced the thickness of the absorber. In addition, a single unit comprising four parallel Helmholtz resonators when arranged in conjunction with MPP absorbed more than 65% sound over a band width of 318 Hz to 880 Hz whereas the successive arrangement of the same unit with MPP is affected with high anti-resonance effect. It is demonstrated that, the proposed modelling strategy very well predicts the acoustic performance of HR integrated MPP absorbers on par with the computational intensive numerical simulations. Moreover, these configurations exhibited efficient low frequency sound absorption capability even with reduced absorber thickness.

Effect of phase transition of vanadium dioxide on resonance characteristics of terahertz anti-resonant fiber and its applications

Terahertz (THz) wave is an electromagnetic wave with frequency in a range of 0.1–10 THz, which possesses excellent photonic and electronic properties. THz wave has higher penetration and lower photon energy to non-polar materials, which makes it possess great academic value in medical, non-destructive testing and other related fields. In addition, the features such as wide bandwidth and large communication capacity of THz wave allow it to be widely used in communication, radar detection and other applications. Despite its rapid development in recent years, THz technology is used still mainly in free space currently and it is difficult to control the transmission direction of THz wave over a long distance in free space. What is more, the transmission of THz waves in free space is affected usually by the dust and water vapor. For achieving the efficient transmission of THz waves, researchers have proposed a variety of THz waveguides, including plastic fiber, Bragg fiber, photonic crystal fiber and anti-resonant fiber (ARF). The ARF confines the incident beam within the air hole of fiber center by the anti-resonance effect, which has aroused great interest because of its simple structure, low transmission loss, high damage threshold, low dispersion, and high transmission bandwidth. At present, adjustable THz fiber devices based on ARF are still reported rarely. In the near-infrared band, researchers have combined ARF with vanadium dioxide (VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) to realize the exceptional modulation effects. The VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; is a metal oxide with insulator-metal phase transition when the ambient temperature is near 68 ℃, in which its electrical conductivity, dielectric constant and other properties will change drastically. In this paper, the VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; is coated on the inner wall of the THz ARF cladding tubes, and the effect of the phase transition of VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; on the propagation characteristics of the ARF is studied. Simulation results indicate that in the THz band, the phase transition of VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; will cause the anti-resonance period of the ARF to change greatly, in which the confinement effect of the ARF cladding tubes on the incident beam is converted from anti-resonant state to resonant state. Without changing the structure of the ARF, the effective modulation on the THz wave in the core of the ARF can be achieved only by controlling the phase transition of VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, which has a wide application prospect in the field of THz adjustable devices. In this paper, a THz optical switch and a polarization controller based on VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-coated ARF are proposed. With the optical switch being on and off, the corresponding losses are 0.5 dB/m and 110 dB/m respectively at 120 μm. If phase transition of VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; is induced by the excitation laser, it is expected to realize a fast-optical switch. Regarding the polarization controller, the polarization state and polarization direction of the THz wave in the core of the ARF can be controlled, and the birefringence coefficient of the ARF in the polarization state is more than 1.4 × 10&lt;sup&gt;–4&lt;/sup&gt;.

High-sensitivity temperature sensor based on anti-resonance in high-index polymer-coated optical fiber interferometers.

Compared to the multimode interference (MMI) effect, the anti-resonance (AR) effect does not rely on the multimode property of the optical waveguide. This Letter shows that fiber bending can suppress the MMI and can break the superposition of AR spectra of multiple modes in a high-index polymer-coated optical fiber interferometer based on a single-mode fiber-polymer-coated no-core fiber-single-mode fiber hetero-structure. This results in the dominance of the AR spectrum of an individual mode and consequently in periodic sharp transmission dips. As a result of this phenomenon and large thermo-optical and thermal expansion coefficients of the polymer, a compact, high-sensitivity and linear response temperature sensor with the sensitivity as high as -3.784nm/∘C has been demonstrated experimentally.