Antipyretic Potential Research Articles

Assessment of phytochemical screening, antibacterial, analgesic, and antipyretic potentials of Litsea glutinosa (L.) leaves extracts in a mice model.

Litsea glutinosa (LG) leaves have been traditionally used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various ailments, including pain, fever, and microbial infections. This study aims to scientifically evaluate the therapeutic potential of cold methanol extracts of LG leaves, specifically focusing on their analgesic, antipyretic, and antibacterial activities. In addition, the research includes preliminary phytochemical screening to identify key bioactive compounds and an acute toxicity test to assess the safety profile of the extract. In this study, we conducted an initial investigation of the major phytochemical groups present in L. glutinosa leaves using both modern chromatographic techniques, specifically High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and conventional phytochemical screening methods applied to cold methanol extracts. Both approaches consistently identified phenols and flavonoids as the predominant bioactive compounds. Following this phytochemical characterization, we assessed the analgesic efficacy of the extracts using acetic acid-induced writhing and electrical heat-induced nociceptive pain stimuli, evaluated antipyretic effects through Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia, and determined antibacterial activity via the disc diffusion method. Additionally, the toxicity of the extracts was evaluated through preclinical testing. In hot plate method, the highest pain inhibitory activity was found at a dose of 500 mg/kg of crude extract (3.37 ± 0.31 sec) which differed significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) with that of the standard drug morphine (6.47 ± 0.23 sec). The extract significantly prolonged reaction latency to thermal-induced pain in hotplate model. Analgesic activity at 500 mg/kg, LG extract produced a 70% suppression of writhing in mice, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001) compared to standard morphine's (77.5%) inhibition. In antipyretic activity assay, the crude extract showed notable reduction in body temperature (36.17 ± 0.32 °C) at dose of 300 mg/kg-body weight, when the standard (at dose 100 mg/kg-body weight) exerted (36.32 ± 0.67 °C) after 3 h of administration. In antibacterial studies, results showed that inhibition of bacterial growth at 400 μg dose of each extract clearly inhibited growth of bacteria from 11 to 22 mm. The extractives carbon tetrachloride fraction, chloroform soluble fraction, ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated notably greater inhibitory zone widths (p < 0.05) against tested strains. Overall, the cold methanol extract of LG leaves demonstrates the therapeutic potential in preclinical settings. Future research is warranted to isolate the specific bioactive compounds and elucidate their mechanisms of action to further support the development of new treatments and contributing to modern medicinal practices based on this plant leaves.

Investigation on Anti-Diarrheal and Antipyretic Activities of citrus maxima Seeds in Swiss Albino Mice Model.

In the Rutaceae family Citrus maxima is the biggest among all fruits, tradtionally used for several purposes due to its diverse ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological activities. Different portions of this plant have been used as sedatives and anti-inflammatory medications, as well as to treat coughs, fevers, asthma, diarrhea, ulcers, and diabetes. There is a scientific potential for the methanolic seed extract to contain bioactive compounds, similar to those found in other parts of the plant. The extract derived from the seeds has already demonstrated potential biological activity. Moreover, there weren't many invivo and invitro research works on these plants' seeds. Therefore, the current research work was undertaken to analyze anti-diarrheal and antipyretic potentials of the methanolic extract of Citrus maxima seeds (MCM). To evaluate MCM's effectiveness in treating diarrhea, castor oil-induced diarrhea model was utilized as an evaluating method. The antipyretic effect in mice was measured using brewer's yeast induced pyrexia model. The MCM at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses markedly reduced hyperpyrexia, induced by yeast. The effect remained persistent up to 4th hour after administration. In the castor oil induced diarrhea model, the methanolic seed extract showed high level of dose dependent inhibition of diarrhea for 4 h following castor oil administration. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate and clarify the specific causative agents responsible for the dose-dependent effects observed. The findings of the present study suggest that MCM seed extract may represent a promising alternative for the development of innovative anti-diarrheal and anti-pyretic compounds.

Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Murraya Koenigii: Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Evaluation of its Toxicity and Antipyretic Activity in Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Fever, characterized by an elevated body temperature beyond the normal range, necessitates effective management. Traditional therapies rooted in indigenous knowledge prove effective, in addressing fever-related conditions for optimal well-being. This study explores the antipyretic potential of Murraya koenigii, a plant deeply rooted in traditional practices in Nepal. Materials and Methods: The hydroethanol leaf extract of Murraya koenigii was subjected to phytochemical screening and acute toxicity assessment, followed by In vivo antipyretic effects evaluated in male Wistar Albino rats using a yeast-induced fever model. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, and alkaloids. The acute toxicity study demonstrated the safety of Murraya koenigii extract up to 5000 mg/kg, highlighting its wide safety margin. In vivo antipyretics evaluation showed a significant (p&lt; 0.05) temperature reduction at time 90 and 120 minutes by Murraya koenigii hydroethanolic extract (250mg/kg), comparable to the negative control group. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the phytochemical profile, safety, and antipyretics properties of Murraya koenigii, supporting its traditional use for fever management.

Phytochemical composition and therapeutic potential of Caralluma edulis a cholistani plant

This study explores C. edulis, a plant indigenous to the Cholistan desert, locally known as Pimpa or Seetu, traditionally consumed as a vegetable. Our research aimed to comprehensively analyze its phytochemical constituents, and evaluate its antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antipyretic potentials. Utilizing a range of extracts including methanol (MtOH), ethanol (EtOH), ethyl acetate (EA), n-hexane (n-hex), dichloromethane (DCM), and aqueous (Aq), for effective extraction of phytochemicals from C. edulis. Standard biochemical assays and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array (HPLC-PDA) were used for analysis of phenolic compounds. Antibacterial effect(s) were confirmed through disc diffusion method and min inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The antioxidant activity was assessed through the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and the DPPH radical scavenging method. In vivo antiviral potential was assessed through Hemagglutination (HA) test. Anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antipyretic activities were performed on female albino rats using carrageenan, alloxan monohydrate and yeast-induced methods, respectively. Statistical analysis was done using standard one way ANOVA.Our findings revealed a rich diversity of phenolic compounds and the presence of proteins, alkaloids, and carbohydrates in C. edulis. MtOH and n-hex extracts demonstrated deep antiviral activity against various viral strains. In vivo toxicology studies indicated no significant toxicity at doses up to 5 g/kg. The DCM extract has shown notable anti-inflammatory effects, and EA extract was leading in antipyretic activity. All extracts, except MtOH, exhibited antidiabetic properties.In conclusion, C. edulis emerges not only as a valuable nutritional source but also as a potent alternative medicinal resource, offering wide range of therapeutic benefits.

Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic potential of ethanolic extract of Aristida depressa Retz through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models.

Uncontrolled inflammation is a crucial factor in the development of many diseases. Anti-inflammatory molecules based on natural sources are being actively studied, among which Aristida depressa Retz (Ar.dp) has been traditionally used as a paste to heal inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic potential of an ethanolic extract of A. depressa through a battery of in vivo and in vitro models. The ethanolic extract of A. depressa was prepared by maceration and chemically characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography, which revealed the presence of quercetin, vanillic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, and sinapic acid; its antioxidant capacity was then screened with the DPPH in vitro assay, which indicated moderate scavenging capacity. A protein denaturation assay was next performed to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of Ar.dp, which showed significant inhibition (44.44%) compared to the standard drug (diclofenac sodium), with 89.19% inhibition at a concentration of 1mg/mL. The in vivo safety profile of Ar.dp was evaluated in accordance with the OECD-425 acute toxicity guidelines and found to be safe up to 5g/kg. The in vivo anti-inflammatory potentials of Ar.dp were evaluated at three different doses (125, 250, and 500mg/kg) in acute (carrageenan-induced edema: 84.60%, histamine-induced paw edema: 84%), sub-chronic (cotton-pellet-induced granuloma: 57.54%), and chronic (complete-Freund's-adjuvant-induced arthritis: 82.2%) models. Our results showed that Ar.dp had significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory effects over diclofenac sodium in the acute and chronic models. Histopathology studies indicated reduced infiltration of paw tissues with inflammatory cells in Ar.dp-treated animals. Similarly, Ar.dp showed significant (p < 0.05) analgesic (yeast-induced-pyrexia model: 23.53%) and antipyretic (acetic-acid-induced writhing model: 51%) effects in a time-dependent manner. In silico studies on the interactions of COX-1 and COX-2 with the eight ligands mentioned earlier confirmed the inhibition of enzymes responsible for inflammation and fever. Based on the findings of the present study, it is concluded that Ar.dp has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties that are likely linked to its pharmacologically active phenolic bioactive molecules.

Phytochemical and biological studies of Panicum antidotale aerial parts ethanol extract supported by molecular docking study.

Panicum antidotale has traditionally been used as a poultice to alleviate local inflammation and painful diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, analgesic, and antipyretic potential of its ethanol extract (PAAPEE) in vivo for the first time. In vitro antioxidant assays of Panicum antidotale using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay revealed that it showed IC50 of 62.50 ± 6.85μg/mL in contrast to standard, ascorbic acid, that showed IC50 of 85.51 ± 0.38μg/mL. Administration of PAAPEE at a dose of 500mg/kg (PAAPEE-500) displayed 78.44% and 75.13% inhibition of paw edema in carrageenen and histamine-induced edema models. respectively, 6h post-treatment compared to that of the untreated group. Furthermore, it showed 68.78% inhibition of Freund's complete adjuvant-induced edema 21 days after treatment. It reduced the animal's rectal temperature in the yeast-induced fever model to 99.45 during the fourth h post-treatment. It significantly inhibited abnormal writhing by 44% in the acetic acid-induced pain model. PAE-500 also showed enhancement in wound closure by 72.52% with respect to that of the untreated group on the 10thday post-treatment using the excision healing of wound model. Histopathological examination of skin samples confirmed this improvement, showing enhanced tissue architecture with minimal infiltration of inflammatory cells. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of PAAPEE revealed the presence of quercetin, gallic, p-coumaric, benzoic, chlorogenic, syringic, ferulic, cinnamic, and sinapic acids. Molecular docking of 5-lipoxygenase and glycogen synthase kinase-3 β protein indicated their potential interaction within the active sites of both enzymes. Thus, P. antidotale serves as an effective natural wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic agent.

Exploring the anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic potentials of methanolic and aqueous fruit extracts from ceiba speciosa

Exploring the anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic potentials of methanolic and aqueous fruit extracts from ceiba speciosa

Response to Article "Antipyretic Potential of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Bersama abyssinica Fresen. (Melianthaceae) Leaves Against Yeast-Induced Pyrexia in Mice" [Response to Letter

Response to Letter in regards to Response to Article &ldquo;Antipyretic Potential of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Bersama Abyssinica Fresen. (Melianthaceae) Leaves Against Yeast-Induced Pyrexia in Mice&rdquo; [Letter]

Response to Article "Antipyretic Potential of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Bersama Abyssinica Fresen. (Melianthaceae) Leaves Against Yeast-Induced Pyrexia in Mice" [Letter

Response to Article "Antipyretic Potential of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Bersama Abyssinica Fresen. (Melianthaceae) Leaves Against Yeast-Induced Pyrexia in Mice" [Letter

Therapeutic and Mechanistic Approaches of Tridax procumbens Flavonoids for the Treatment of Pyrexia: Molecular Docking

The perennial plant Tridax Procumbens is particularly intriguing, and its secondary metabolites, also known as T. procumbens flavonoids (TPFs), are well-known phytochemical agents due to their diverse medicinal uses, including their anti-inflammatory, anti-anemic, and anti-diabetic effects. The antipyretic potential of luteolin, a natural product isolated from the medicinal plant Tridax procumbens, was investigated for antipyretic action through molecular docking analyses with the target enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The docking result of luteolin revealed that their docking scores was -7.24 kcal mol–1 and it can be predicted as good inhibitor of human COX2 receptor.

Antipyretic Potential of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Bersama abyssinica Fresen. (Melianthaceae) Leaves Against Yeast-Induced Pyrexia in Mice.

Since fever is a complicated physiological reaction to an infection or aseptic stimulus, finding safer solutions that are more potent and derived from plants is essential to resolving this issue. Bersama abyssinica (Melianthaceae) is traditionally used to treat fever, though this has yet to be proven scientifically. The present study aimed to assess the antipyretic potential of leaf extract and solvent fractions of B. abyssinica. The antipyretic activities of crude extract and solvent fractions of B. abyssinica leaves were evaluated using a yeast-induced pyrexia model at three different dose ranges (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and 400mg/kg) methanol extract as well as chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions to mice showing an increase in temperature of ≥0.5 °C. The rectal temperature of each mouse was recorded using a digital thermometer. To analyze the data, SPSS version 20 and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc test to compare results between groups were utilized. The crude extract demonstrated significant antipyretic potential (P<0.05 by 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg as well as P<0.01 by 400 mg/kg), with a maximum of 95.06% reduction in rectal temperature at 400 mg/kg, comparable to 98.37% at 2.5 hours by the standard drug. Similarly, all doses of the aqueous fraction, as well as 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses of the ethyl acetate fractions, resulted in a significant (P<0.05) reduction in rectal temperature when compared to the corresponding value of the negative control group. Extracts of B. abyssinica leaves were found to have a significant antipyretic effect. Thus, the use of the plant for pyrexia in traditional settings has scientific ground.

Utilization Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. as traditional medicine and its bioactivity

Sesbania grandiflora (Fabaceae) has been long used as food and traditional medicine. This study aims to explain the botany, benefits and bioactivity of S. glandiflora. The method is library research of various articles published online on Google Scholar using the keywords S. glandiflora, uses of S. glandiflora and bioactivities of S. glandiflora. In traditional medicine, S. glandiflora is used to treat diarrhea, snake bites, malaria, smallpox, fever, scabies, ulcers, and gastric disorders. S. glandiflora bioactivity includes anti-diabetes mellitus, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-helminthic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-diarrheal and anti-cancer. The bioactivity of S. glandiflora is related to the content of its secondary metabolites. The tocopherols contained in S. glandiflora seeds showed potential as antioxidants while the phytosterols showed anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic potential. S. glandiflora has the potential to be developed as a natural food preservative because it has antimicrobial activity.

The Papaya-Based Poly-Herbal Extract Eases Thrombocytopenia and Pyrexia in Rats

The beneficial role of papaya leaf juice against dengue infection is gaining popularity. However, most of these studies involve the fresh juice, decoction, or solvent extraction methods with limitations in terms of formulation development and retention of natural phytochemical balance. Hence, this study aimed at investigating the platelet-increasing and anti-pyretic effect of its powdered extracts with favorable attributes for developing finished pharmaceuticals. The former activity was performed on papaya leaves powder extract (PE) used to prepare the product, i.e., Re-Plat. However, both activities were assessed on the multi-ingredients extract (ME; composition was PE plus decoction of Achillea millefolium , Zingiber officinale , Phyllanthus niruri and Piper nigrum ) used in the poly herbal formulation i.e. Re-Plat Plus. Briefly, the Carboplatin (50 mg/kg) was used to develop a rat model of thrombocytopenia, which is followed by the administration of PE and ME (150, 300, and 450 mg/kg). After five days, the blood was collected to measure platelet levels using a hematology analyzer. In case of anti-pyretic activity, the yeast-induced pyrexia model was used to induce pyrexia followed by administration of ME (150, 300, and 450 mg/kg). The rectal temperature was noted for 5 h. Our data showed that, at the tested doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg, both PE and ME caused significant increase in the platelet count compared to the control group. In case of anti-pyretic activity, in similarity with standard drug (paracetamol), the PE (300 and 450 mg/kg) did not allow time-dependent increase in the temperature. Hence, it can be deduced that the active extracts of the poly-herbal formulation (Re-Plat Plus) are endowed with the platelet increase and anti-pyretic potentials; the attributed clinically useful in the management of dengue fever. Keywords: papaya, dengue, platelets, pyrexia, thrombocytopenia. https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.3.13

Pharmacological and Toxicological Study of Coumarinolignoids from Cleome viscosa in Small Animals for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

This study aims to explore the possible pharmacological potential of Cleome viscosa Linn (Cleomaceae), an annual weed, into therapeutic value-added products. In the present study, we have explored the pharmacological and toxicological profile of coumarinolignoids isolated from Cleome viscose for the management of rheumatoid arthritis and related complications in a small animal model. To avoid the biasness during experiments on animals, we have coded the isolated coumarinolignoids as CLIV-92 to perform the experimental pharmacological study. CLIV-92 was orally administrated (30,100, 300 mg/kg) to animal models of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), carrageenan-induced acute inflammation, thermal and chemical-induced pain, and Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia. Oral administration of CLIV-92 significantly decreases the arthritis index, arthritis score, and increases the limb withdrawal threshold in the CIA model in experimental rats. The anti-arthritis studies revealed that the anti-inflammatory effect of CLIV-92 was associated with inhibition of the production of inflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A, MMP-1, MMP-9, Nitric oxide, and C-RP in CIA rat's serum, and also reduced the NFкB-p65 expression as evidence of immunohistochemistry in knee joint tissue of CIA rats, in a dose-dependent manner. Further individual experiments related to arthritis-related complications in experimental animals demonstrated the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic potential of CLIV-92 in a dose-dependent manner. Further, an in-vivo acute oral toxicity study concluded that CLIV-92 is safe in experimental animals up to 2,000 mg/kg dose. The results of this study suggested that the oral administration of CLIV-92 may be a therapeutic candidate for further investigation in the management of rheumatoid arthritis and related complications.

Investigation of Anti- Pyretic Activity of Cinnamon Oil in Wistar Rat

The current exploration work was to explore the antipyretic movement of cinnamon oil (25 Milligram/ kilogram or 50 Milligram/ kilogram p.o). The antipyretic movement was assessed against Brewer's yeast and lipopolysaccharides instigated pyrexia in rodents. In case of lipopolysaccharides instigated pyrexia (50 mg/kg, p.o) is more effective comparison to 25 Milligram/ kilogram. But in case of Brewer's yeast induced pyrexia both low and high dose is more effective of cinnamon oil (25 mg/kg or 50 Milligram/ kilogram p.o) suppress anal temperature significantly 96.42 ± 0.009 and 95.40 ± 0.000 respectively in Brewer’s yeast instigated pyrexia. The exploration result shows that cinnamon oil (25 Milligram/ kilogram or 50 Milligram/ kilogram, p.o) is having a huge enemy of antipyretic potential.

Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, and Antipyretic Potential of Azadirachta indica: A Review

Inflammation is a protective response to injury or tissue damage and acts by eliminating harmful stimuli such as pathogens cell damage and initiates the healing process. Azadirachta indica was known as medicinal plant with various pharmacological activities. This review aims to summarize the scientific activity of A.indica as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic with experimental models either in vivo or in vitro taken from several databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed over the last ten years (2011- 2021). From the data, A.indica was proven to be anti-inflammatory by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, NFkB, COX2, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN- γ, and reducing the volume of edema. Potential analgesic indicated by decreasing stomach writhing and reducing pain sensation in rats. The antipyretic activity was characterized by a decrease in rats' body temperature. This review proves that natural products from A.indica have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic potential.&#x0D; Keywords: Analgesic, Azadirachta, Fever, Inflammation, Neem

Antipyretic and Anti-oxidant potential of Hydroalcoholic extract of Gendarussa vulgeris

G. vulgaris Nees of the family Apocynaceae is a medium sized tree grown in semishade or no shade and is common in the Ernad and Nilambur taluks of Kerala. Various parts of this plant have been used in the treatment of ulcers, sores, inflammation, dyspepsia, healing of wounds, etc. The present study aimed at the evaluation of anti-pyretic activity of the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves by in vivo methods. Phytochemical screening reveals the presences of Alkaloids, Saponins, Carbohydrates, Flavonoids and Phenols. The total phenolic content was found 0.691mg/100mg of dry weight of extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents and the total flavonoid content was found 0.847mg/100mg, expressed as Quercetin equivalents. Antioxidant activity was performed using DPPH method. The IC50 value of Hydroalcoholic extract of Gendarussa vulgaris was found to be 55.79µg/ml. Yeast induced pyrxia and anti-pyretic property of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Gendarussa vulgaris. The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Gendarussa vulgaris were determined after administration at two dose levels (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) in yeast induced pyrxia rats. From the results, it may be concluded that hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Gendarussa vulgaris possess significant anti-pyretic effect may be due to the effect of antioxidants and constituent present in the leaves.

Comparison of antipyretic activities of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Bandotan herb (Ageratum conyzoides L.) in hyperpyrexia mice

Background: Fever is one of the body's physiological responses to metabolic stress, characterised by increasing body temperature. Based on its phytochemical content, Bandotan (tropical whiteweed) is an alternative antipyretic therapeutic agent. Flavonoids are potential chemical contents that can be extracted with various solvents, including ethanol and ethyl acetate. So far, research on its antipyretic potential is limited. Aim: To compare the antipyretic activity of ethanol extract to ethyl acetate extract of Bandotan herb in hyperpyrexia mice. Methods: Bandotan herb extracts were prepared by maceration, followed by phytochemical screening and determining total flavonoid content. Hyperpyrexia mice were made by induction of baker's yeast. Four hours after injection, mice were treated with Bandotan herb extracts, a dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW), then the rectal temperature was observed for four hours. Results: Both extracts contained flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tannin, and steroid, while terpenoid was only found in ethanol preparation. The total flavonoid content of ethyl acetate extract was higher than that of ethanol extract. The best antipyretic activity was a dose of 400 mg/kg BW, but there was no significant difference in the percentage of pyrexia inhibition. Conclusion: Both extracts have the same ability to be developed as an alternative antipyretic agent.

Potential pharmacological properties of methanol leaves extract of Culcasia Angolensis (Araceae): antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities in laboratory animals

BackgroundPain, inflammation and fever are serious conditions that are associated with various disease conditions. In modern medicine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids together with corticosteroids have been considered to manage algesia and inflammation-related conditions. However, these conventional drugs are not affordable, not readily available, particularly to people living in rural areas in developing nations. Besides, they are associated with undesirable pharmacological actions. Generally, medicinal plants have been employed to manage various ailments. In Northern-Nigeria, the leaves of Culcasia angolensis (Araceae) are used traditionally to manage pain, fever and inflammation. However, scientific data validating its folkloric claim in treating pain and inflammatory-related abnormalities are not available. Hence, the current study aims to validate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potentials of the methanol leaf extract of Culcasia angolensis (MECA). Phytochemical and acute toxicity effects of the MECA were conducted as per standard experimental procedures. The analgesic potential of the MECA was determined using abdominal writhing elicited by acetic acid and hot plate tests in mice. The actions of the MECA on acute inflammation were conducted using formalin-induced hind paw oedema and carrageenan-induced paw oedema. The Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia was employed to check its antipyretic effect.ResultsThe MECA inhibited abdominal writhes produced by acetic acid administration (p < 0.05) and elevated the pain threshold in the hot plate test. The MECA also reduced the formalin-induced paw oedema. Besides, it produced an effective (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent action against oedema produced by carrageenan and reduced the rectal temperature against the pyrexia caused by Brewer's yeast administration.ConclusionsThe outcome of the study suggests that the MECA could possess pharmacologically active constituents with antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. Therefore, the results justified its ethnomedicinal use to manage pain and inflammatory-associated conditions.

Rutin hydrate and extract from Castanopsis tribuloides reduces pyrexia via inhibiting microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1

Castanopsis tribuloides belongs to the oak species (Fagaceae) and it is commonly distributed in evergreen forests of Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, China, and Thailand. Our present study aimed at uncovering the antipyretic potential of methanol extract of C. tribuloides bark (CTB) in the mice models. Baker’s yeast pyrexia model was employed to determine the antipyretic potentials of the extract. Besides, molecular docking and dynamics simulation of CTB phenolic compounds were explored to validate the experimental results and gain insight into the possible antipyretic mechanism of action that can lead to the design and discovery of novel drugs against mPGES-1. The results revealed that CTB (400 mg/kg) significantly inhibited (P < 0.001) the elevated body temperature of mice since 0.5 h, which is more prominent than the standard. At dose 200 mg/kg, the bark extract also produced significant (P < 0.05) antipyretic activity since 2 h. HPLC-DAD analysis identified and quantified nine polyphenolic compounds from the extract, including rutin hydrate, (-) epicatechin, caffeic acid, catechin hydrate, catechol, trans-ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, and rosmarinic acid. Molecular docking study suggested probable competition of these phenolic compounds with glutathione, an essential cofactor for microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) activity. Additionally, RMSF, RMSD, Rg, and hydrogen bonds performed during MD simulations revealed that rutin hydrate (rich in CTB) bound to the mPGES-1 active site in a stable manner and thus inactivating mPGES-1. Therefore, it can be concluded that rutin hydrate reduces pyrexia in mice via downregulating PGE2 synthesis by inhibiting mPGES-1 activity.