Antioxidant Supplementation Research Articles

The Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation on Soccer Performance and Recovery: A Critical Review of the Available Evidence

Background Soccer is linked to an acute inflammatory response and the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidant supplements have shown promising effects in reducing muscle damage and oxidative stress and enhancing the recovery process after eccentric exercise. This critical review highlights the influence of antioxidant supplements on performance and recovery following soccer-related activity, training, or competition. Methods: English-language publications from the main databases that examine how antioxidant-based nutrition and supplements affect the recovery process before, during, and after soccer practice or competition were used. Results: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), astaxanthin (Asx), red orange juice (ROJS), L-carnitine (LC), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), beetroot (BET), turmeric root, and tangeretin reduce muscle damage (creatine kinase, myoglobin, cortisol, lactate dehudrogenase, muscle soreness). Tangeretin, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), turmeric root, and aronia melanocarpa restrict inflammation (leukocytes, prostalagdin E2, C-reactive protein, IL-6 and 10). Q10, DHA, Asx, tangeretin, lippia citriodora, quercetin, allopurinol, turmeric root, ROJS, aronia melanocarpa, vitamins C-E, green tea (GTE), and sour tea (STE) reduce oxidative stress (malondialdehude, glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutases, protein carbonyls, ascorbate, glutathione peroxidase, and paraoxonase 1). BET and NAC reinforce performance (endurance, jump, speed, strength). Conclusions: Further research is needed to determine the main mechanism and the acute and long-term impacts of antioxidant supplements in soccer.

The effect of antioxidant supplementation on dysmenorrhea and endometriosis-associated painful symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

The effect of antioxidant supplementation on dysmenorrhea and endometriosis-associated painful symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Application of Integrated Optical Density in Evaluating Insulin Expression in the Endocrine Pancreas During Chronic Ethanol Exposure and β-Carotene Supplementation: A Novel Approach Utilizing Artificial Intelligence

Background: β-carotene is an essential antioxidant, providing protection against type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular illnesses, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. This study investigates the impact of β-carotene on biochemical parameters and pancreatic insulin expression in mice exposed to ethanol. Methods: Thirty-six C57BL/6 mice (Mus musculus) were divided into six groups: 1. C (control), 2. LA (3% alcohol dose), 3. MA (7% alcohol dose), 4. B (0.52 mg/kg body weight/day β-carotene), 5. LA+B (3% alcohol dose + 0.52 mg/kg body weight/day β-carotene), and 6. MA+B (7% alcohol dose plus 0.52 mg/kg body weight/day β-carotene). After 28 days, the animals were euthanized for serum and pancreatic tissue collection. Biochemical analysis and pancreatic insulin expression were performed. One-way ANOVA was used. Results: The B, LA+B, and MA+B groups improved insulin levels and decreased HOMA-β versus the C group, with the LA+B and MA+B groups also showing lower ADH and ALDH levels than their nonsupplemented counterparts (p < 0.05). The B, LA+B, and MA+B groups showed a greater β-cell mass area compared to the unsupplemented groups. Additionally, the LA+B and MA+B groups demonstrated significantly increased β-cell area and integrated optical density compared to the LA and MA groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In mice, β-cell loss led to increased glucose release due to decreased insulin levels. β-carotene appeared to mitigate ethanol’s impact on these cells, resulting in reduced insulin degradation when integrated optical density was used. These findings suggest that antioxidant supplementation may be beneficial in treating ethanol-induced type 2 diabetes in animal models.

Nutrition Modulation of Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer: A Scoping Review

Background/Objectives: Advancements in breast cancer therapeutics, such as anthracyclines, are improving cancer survival rates but can have side effects that limit their use. Cardiotoxicity, defined as damage to the heart caused by cancer therapeutics, is characterised by a significant reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and symptoms of cardiac dysfunction. Multiple oral supplements exist with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that have the potential to lower cardiotoxicity risk and ameliorate the complications associated with left ventricular dysfunction. In this review, we evaluate the current status of using nutritional interventions to modulate cardiotoxicity. Methods: We used specific keywords to search for articles that met our predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria to review the evidence and provide insights for future research. Results: Seven studies were identified as eligible for this review: six focused on oral supplementation strategies in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, and one focused on nutritional counselling and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in breast cancer survivors’ post-treatment. There was a significantly attenuated reduction in LVEF in five studies that monitored cardiometabolic health, and there were significant improvements in blood serum levels of cardiac biomarkers across all studies. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that appropriate nutritional interventions, alongside chemotherapy, can modulate the risk of cardiotoxic side effects. This highlights the potential of oral antioxidant supplementation and Mediterranean diet counselling to decrease tertiary cancer therapy costs associated with cardiovascular complications.

Impact of Reductive Stress on Human Infertility: Underlying Mechanisms and Perspectives

Antioxidants have a well-established effect on general health and are essential in preventing oxidative damage to cells by scavenging free radicals. Free radicals are thought to be neutralized by these substances, which include polyphenols, β-carotene, and vitamins C and E, reducing cellular damage. On the other hand, recent data indicates that consuming excessive amounts of antioxidants may have side effects. Apoptosis and cell signaling are two beneficial physiological processes that are affected by excessive supplementation. Other negative effects include paradoxical enhancement of oxidative stress and unbalanced cellular redox potential. Overdosing on particular antioxidants has been associated with increased medication interactions, cancer progression, and fatality risks. Additionally, the complex impacts they may have on fertility might be both useful and adverse, depending on the quantity and duration of usage. This review delves into the dual role of antioxidants and emphasizes the importance of employing antioxidants in moderation. Antioxidant overconsumption may disrupt the oxidative balance necessary for normal sperm and oocyte function, which is one of the potential negative effects of antioxidants on fertility in both males and females that are also investigated. Although modest usage of antioxidants is generally safe and useful, high levels of antioxidants can upset hormonal balance, impair sperm motility, and negatively impact the outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The findings emphasize the need to use antioxidant supplements in a balanced way, the importance of further research to optimize their use in fertility treatments, and the importance of supporting reproductive health to avoid adverse effects.

The effect of an antioxidant supplement based on selenium, electrolytes, and vitamins on relieving transportation stress in goats

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an antioxidant supplement (Transcare) based on selenium (Se), electolytes, and vitamins to relieve transportation stress in Nandidurga goats. Thirty 8-10-month-old Nandidurga female goats were randomly divided into two groups: non-supplemented (NS) (n=15) and supplemented (S) (n=15). S goats received orally antioxidant powder at a dose of 0.7g/kg BW, dissolved in 10mL drinking water, 45-60min before the seven-hour trip. The antioxidant supplementation influenced (P < 0.05) respiration rate and pulse rate after transport, head and shoulder temperature, mean corpuscular hemoglobin before transport, lymphocytes after transport, monocytes after transport, cortisol, aldosterone, tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine, glucose, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP27 after transportation. Antioxidant supplementation decreased transportation stress in Nandidurga goats.Thus, oral antioxidant supplementation proved beneficial and promising in alleviating transportation stress. Therefore, promoting such supplements among resource-poor farmers may help reverse the financial loss experienced due to transportation stress in goats.

Effect of Analytical Method on Vitamin C Tablet Levels Stored under Different Temperature Conditions

Vitamin C tablets are commonly consumed by the public as antioxidant supplements. Vitamin C is highly susceptible to oxidation, which is accelerated by factors such as heat, light, alkali, enzymes, oxidizers, and the presence of copper and iron catalysts. Oxidation will be inhibited if vitamin C is left in an acidic state or at low temperatures. However, many vitamin C tablets are not stored according to recommended conditions due to inadequate temperature control during storage or distribution, leading to changes in their vitamin C levels. Vitamin C levels can be analyzed using the Iodimetry method and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. This study aims to determine the effect of the analysis method on the content of vitamin C tablets stored at various temperature variations. This is an experimental research. The independent variable of this study is the analytical method of determining vitamin C content and the dependent variable of this research is the content of vitamin tablets stored at low temperature (2-6°C), room temperature (27-30°C), and high temperature (48°C). Quantitative analysis of vitamin C levels was conducted using both iodimetry and UV-Vis spectrophotometry methods. The highest vitamin C content was found in the analysis of levels using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. Statistical analysis shows significant differences, indicating that the method of analyzing the levels of vitamin C tablets stored under varying temperature conditions affects the levels of vitamin C tablets.

Dietary Antioxidants and Natural Compounds in Preventing Thrombosis and Cardiovascular Disease

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and coagulation abnormalities, promoting thrombus formation. Given the growing interest in non-pharmacological approaches to modulate oxidative stress, we examine the potential of various dietary interventions and antioxidant supplementation in reducing oxidative damage and preventing thrombotic events. Key dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and ketogenic diets, as well as antioxidant-rich supplements like curcumin, selenium, and polyphenols, demonstrate promising effects in improving oxidative stress markers, lipid profiles, and inflammatory responses. This review highlights recent advances in the field, drawing from in vitro, ex vivo, and clinical studies, and underscores the importance of integrating dietary strategies into preventive and therapeutic approaches for managing thrombosis and cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to better understand long-term effects and personalize these interventions for optimizing patient outcomes.

Selected Trace Elements and Their Impact on Redox Homeostasis in Eye Health

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various ocular degenerative diseases, leading to structural and functional changes in eye tissues. This imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants significantly contributes to conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma. Both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants are vital for maintaining ocular health by neutralizing ROS and restoring cellular redox balance. Essential trace elements, including iron, zinc, copper, and selenium, are fundamental for the proper functioning of these antioxidant systems. Iron is indispensable for enzymatic activity and cellular energy production, zinc supports numerous proteins involved in visual functions and antioxidant defense, copper is essential for various enzymatic reactions preventing oxidative stress, and selenium is critical for the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). This review summarizes current research on the complex interactions between oxidative stress and trace elements in ocular diseases, highlighting the therapeutic potential of antioxidant supplementation to mitigate oxidative damage and improve eye health. By integrating insights from studies on oxidative stress, trace elements, and eye physiology, this article underscores new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that could lead to more effective prevention and treatment of ocular diseases, aiming to enhance clinical outcomes and guide future research in optimizing therapeutic strategies for eye health.

Environmental Stress-Induced Alterations in Embryo Developmental Morphokinetics.

The association between embryo morphokinetics and its developmental competence is well documented. For instance, early cleaved embryos are more competent in developing to blastocysts, whereas the proportion of abnormally cleaved embryos that further developed to blastocysts is low. Numerous factors, such as the parental age, lifestyle, health, and smoking habits have been reported to affect the embryo morphokinetics and, consequently, its development. However, less is known about the effect of environmental stressors on embryo morphokinetics. The current review discusses the effect of the most concerning environmental stressors on embryo morphokinetics. These stresses include heat stress and human-made chemicals such as phthalates (e.g., bis-(2-ethylhexyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, and their primary metabolites), herbicides (e.g., diaminochlorotriazine, the primary metabolite of atrazine), pharmaceutical compounds (e.g., carbamazepine, nocodazole) and pro-oxidant agents (cumene hydroperoxide, Triton X-100), as well as naturally occurring toxins such as mycotoxin (e.g., aflatoxin B1 and its metabolite, and ochratoxin A). In addition, this review discusses the effect of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation and viral infections (e.g., SARS-CoV-2, papillomavirus). Finally, it points out some potential mechanisms that underlie the impairment of embryo morphokinetics, and it suggests protective compounds, mainly the supplementation of antioxidants to improve the morphokinetics, and consequently, the embryo developmental competence.

The effect of myo-inositol antioxidant activity on human sperm parameters and DNA damage in ultra-rapid and conventional freezing methods

Male fertility preservation is still challenged by cell damage induced during sperm cryopreservation and impaired sperm structure and function. Sperm ultra-rapid freezing, despite a higher protective effect compared to conventional freezing method, is still associated with suboptimal sperm cryosurvival and needs to be modified to increase its efficiency in sperm protection. Sperm freezing media supplemented with antioxidants can improve sperm parameters following freezing-warming process. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of employing ultra-rapid freezing and myo-inositol on sperm cryosurvival. Thirty semen samples with normal sperm parameters were collected and each one was divided into four portions to cryopreserve by conventional freezing, ultra-rapid freezing, conventional freezing + myo-inositol 2 mg/ml, and ultra-rapid freezing + myo-inositol 2 mg/ml. Sperm samples warmed after at least 24 h of freezing and sperm cryosurvival were analyzed by evaluation of sperm motility, viability, morphology and DNA fragmentation index (DFI). Freezing method had a significant influence on post-thaw sperm DFI and morphology (p < 0.05) and the interaction between freezing method and antioxidant supplementation significantly affected sperm morphology (p < 0.05). The highest percentage of sperm normal morphology and minimal DFI was achieved using ultra-rapid freezing supplemented by myo-inositol antioxidant compared to other groups (P < 0.05). The highest sperm DNA damage after freezing-warming was observed following the conventional freezing method. In conclusion, sperm freezing method was identified as factor strongly influencing sperm DFI and morphology after thawing/warming. Sperm samples can be rapidly frozen using the modified freezing media supplemented by myo-inositol without impacting sperm DNA and morphology.

Profiling oxidative stress markers and cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease patients supplemented with vitamin E

IntroductionCardiovascular diseases are common complications in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Oxidative stress associated with renal and metabolic dysfunctions is one of the cardiovascular complications (CVC) in haemodialysis patients. The aim of the present study is to analyse the oxidative stress markers in CDK patients supplemented with antioxidants and vitamin E, with monitoring of CVC.Material and methodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted on 99 subjects. CKD patients received oral supplementation of vitamin E (300 mg/day) for 2 years. Oxidative stress markers, nitric oxide (NO); myeloperoxidase (MPO); oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDLox); malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione were measured before and after the vitamin treatment.ResultsNO (62.62 ±2.80 µmol/l), LDLox (10.55 ±4.62 µmol/l), MDA (6.11 ±2.83 µmol/l) and MPO (53.35 ±3.82 UI/ml) were overconcentrated, while glutathione (62.09 ±4.15 UI/ml) was less concentrated in CKD patients with cardiovascular complications, compared to those without cardiovascular complications (67.08 ±1.90 µmol/l, 31.18 ±5.25 µmol/l, 16 ±6.47 µmol/l, 57.00 ±7.24 UI/ml, 43.09 ±3.33 UI/ml, respectively). After 2 years of vitamin E treatment, the overall cardiovascular complications were not significantly decreased.ConclusionsThese results showed that oral complementation with vitamin E did not affect the occurrence of cardiovascular complications associated with CKD. These findings may pave the way for future innovative strategies for antioxidant supplementation in CKD patients.

Effects of Supplementation of Different Antioxidants to Cryopreservation Extender on the Post-Thaw Quality of Rooster Semen-A Meta-Analysis.

The standardization of the semen cryopreservation technique could be an effective tool in poultry for the conservation of genetic resources. During this process, the production of reactive oxygen species increases, leading to oxidative stress that causes damage to the spermatozoa. To reduce this effect, the addition of exogenous antioxidants in the cryopreservation diluent has been reported to be effective. Multiple antioxidants such as catalase, vitamin E, cysteamine, ergothioneine, and serine have been studied in roosters. Therefore, the present investigation aims to perform a meta-analysis to determine if the use of the aforementioned antioxidants added to the cryopreservation extender produces an improvement in semen quality parameters in roosters after thawing. After collecting the data, a discriminant canonical analysis was performed to determine which of the selected semen quality traits provided the most information, with hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST), viability, and total motility variables showing the highest discriminatory power. However, according to the descriptive statistics, catalase and serine are the antioxidants that improve a greater number of seminal quality parameters, and since catalase gives the most favorable results for most of the discriminating variables, it could be the antioxidant of choice.

Antioxidant intake and its relationship with generalized anxiety disorder among adults

ABSTRACT Antioxidant intake may contribute to the prevention of numerous diseases, particularly those related to stress-induced psychiatric and stress disorders. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between daily antioxidant intake (DAI) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in adults. It also sought to investigate the correlation between the type of diet in conjunction with DAI and the scores on GAD 7-Item Scale in adults. A cross-sectional design was used to examine if DAI was lower in individuals with GAD; followed by an interventional study of 40 adults with severe GAD, who were exposed to higher DAI for a period of 6 weeks. The results indicated that participants with severe GAD had significantly lower levels of DAI compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). After 6 weeks of antioxidant supplementation, a significant decrease in GAD-7 scores of participants was observed (p < 0.001). The study found a significant negative relationship between DAI and GAD.

Evaluation of zinc oxide nanocomposites and L-ascorbic acid on meat quality during transport induced stress in birds of Sonali breed

The study assessed the efficacy of phytofabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles (CF-ZnONPs) and L-ascorbic acid in alleviating pre-slaughter transport induced stress in birds of Sonali breed (Cross bred of Rhode Island Red cocks and Fayoumi hens). A total of 120 birds were divided into four groups: negative control (T1) which were loaded in vehicle but not transported, Positive control (T2) birds were transported without any prior supplementation, T3 and T4 birds were transported with prior supplementation (a day before transportation) of CF-ZnONPs @100 µg/ml and L-ascorbic acid @82 µg/ml in drinking water. Results obtained observed significant reduction in live weight, meat colour and pH but increased drip loss percentage in T2 group. Significantly elevated H/L ratio was recorded in all transported groups. Increased cortisol and TSH levels and decreased thyroid hormones, Triiodothyronine and thyroxin (T3 and T4) levels were recorded in T2 group. However, supplementation with CF-ZnONPs and L-ascorbic acid notably reversed these adverse effects, restoring meat quality and other metabolic profiles. Notably, ascorbic acid exhibited greater efficacy, suggesting its superior role in mitigating transportation-induced stress. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of antioxidant supplementation in alleviating transport induced stress in birds.

In vitro maturation of bovine oocytes: the role of ROS, oxidative stress, and the impact of natural antioxidant supplementation

According to available data in the literature, Brazil has one of the largest cattle herds in the world and is one of the leading embryo producers, with a clear predominance of embryos produced in vitro. These data influence the ongoing pursuit of optimizing the results obtained in IVEP (in vitro embryo production). In this technique, in vitro maturation (IVM) is such a crucial stage that it justifies studies involving components that, when added to the media, can lead to improved cleavage rates and blastocyst development. It is well known that oocyte quality is influenced by oxidative stress, and in this context, the inclusion of antioxidants in the IVM medium may enhance these outcomes. Thus, the present study aimed to review oocyte maturation, the impact of oxidative stress, and the addition of antioxidants, such as Moringa oleifera, to the IVM media.

The Impact of Exercise on DNA Damage in Athletes: Causes, Mechanisms, and Case Studies

Although physical activity is important for the athlete’s health and performance, it may also lead to Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) damage, which may have long-term health consequences and affect performance. This article summarizes different types of DNA damage that may occur in athletes, including their potential risk causes, such as mechanical stress, heat stress, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, several mechanisms by which physical activity might lead to DNA damage and affect health and performance are also discussed. Various strategies such as diet and nutrition, antioxidant supplements, cooling strategies, and recovery modalities are also presented to mitigate, prevent, and minimize the potential DNA damage upon physical activities. This article also highlights case studies of athletes who have experienced DNA damage and the effects on their performance and health. In summary, this article offers valuable perspectives on the intricate relationship between physical activity and DNA damage as well as the importance of addressing this issue in the context of athletic performance and health. Keywords: athlete, DNA damage, exercise, RONS

Seaweed Milk Food Supplement Produced from Hydropuntia eucheumatoides (Harvey)

Objective / Background Hydropuntia eucheumatoides (HE) seaweed is widely distributed in tropical seas and is a common food for coastal people. Our objectives were to prepare seaweed milk from HE, and test is possible utility as a food supplement and source of antioxidants that has an appropriate sensory profile. Methods We used an enzyme from Lactobacillus strains for polysaccharide hydrolysis into HE seaweed milk food supplements. We cultured five Lactobacillus strains with appropriate agarase, cellulase, and amylase enzyme activities. Results We optimized the enzyme concentration (mass of seaweed HE: 40 g/L), substrate concentration (2 mL enzyme/g seaweed), temperature (50 °C), pH (5), and hydrolysis time (96 h). The hydrolyzate included oligosaccharides, monosaccharides, amino acids, and minerals. The product exhibited excellent sensory details and is likely to be safe for consumption. Conclusions We completed our objectives. Our product is ready for initial consumer sensory testing.

Alleviating heat stress on broiler breeder hens: effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on reproductive performance, egg quality, offspring growth, and antioxidant capacity

Alleviating heat stress on broiler breeder hens: effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on reproductive performance, egg quality, offspring growth, and antioxidant capacity

Electrostatically self-assembled magnetized MXene/copper ferrite nanospheres hybrids: Evaluation of molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the quercetin antioxidant supplement

Quercetin, a bioflavonoid with significant biological activities, is beneficial for health. Herein, a pioneering molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor utilizing an MXene/CuFe2O4 magnetic nanosphere hybrid was developed for the first time to detect quercetin ultra-sensitively. CuFe2O4 nanospheres (average 189 nm) were synthesized and combined with MXene sheets, then electrostatically deposited onto a magnetic carbon paste electrode. A functional monomer was then electropolymerized onto this hybrid-modified electrode to form an imprinted polymeric layer, tailored for quercetin binding. Characterizations confirmed the morphological and magnetic properties of the materials. The sensor’s response factors were optimized, achieving a low detection limit of 1.6 nM and two linear ranges (0.005–0.7 μM and 0.7–10 μM). The sensor showed excellent stability, repeatability, reproducibility, and selectivity, and was successfully used to quantify quercetin in dietary supplements.