Antioxidant Materials Research Articles

식물정유 10 종의 라디칼 소거 활성과 주요 활성 성분의 탐색

Background: A growing interest in health has increased the need for the development of potent antioxidant materials known to play a role in various physiological activities. Currently research and development of non-toxic natural antioxidants with high activity is ongoing.BRMethods and Results: In this study, we measured 2,2′-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability of 10 plant essential oils, selecting samples of Dendranthema indicum, Dendranthema zawadskii, and Citrus sunki essential oils. The samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography (LC) and the radical scavenging activity on LC-based systems with the same conditions. In the LC-mass spectroscopy (MS)/MS analysis of the active compound peak, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol with a molecular weight of 150.1 g/㏖ was identified in C. sunki essential oils. Eugenol or isoeugenol with a molecular weight of 164.1 g/㏖ as identified in D. indicum and D. zawadskii essential oils as radical scavenging active compounds.BRConclusions: In the LC-based measurement system, the active ingredient can be identified by simultaneously conducting profile analysis and the radical scavenging activity of essential oil samples. In addition, LC-MS/MS analysis of the active compound peaks can be performed under the same separation conditions to obtain data that can identify the active compounds in the sample.

Haematococcus pluvialis로부터 아스타잔틴 추출을 위한 추출공정 조건 최적화

In this study, the selection of extraction solvent and optimization of extraction condition were carried out to increase the extraction of astaxanthin, an antioxidant material produced from Haematococcus pluvialis. For increasing the extraction of astaxanthin through more effective cell disruption, the concentration of acetone, rotation speed of homogenizer, extraction temperature, and extraction time were sequentially optimized. When acetone (50% v/v) was used as an extract solvent, the extraction concentration of astaxanthin was found to be the highest (1.41 ㎍/mL), and the extraction concentration increased 3.3 times compared to ethanol extraction. As the concentration of acetone increased to 99.5% (v/v), it was found that the concentration of astaxanthin increased proportionally to 2.47 ㎍/mL. When evaluating the effect of rotation speed and extraction temperature, astaxanthin concentration was maximized to 3.93 g/mL at 15,318 rpm (impeller tip speed = 5.67 ㎧) and 52.5℃. In addition, as extraction time increased, the concentration of extract was increased and resulted in a maximum of 4.76 ㎍/mL at 16.6 min which was a 10.9-fold increase compared to ethanol extraction indicating that acetone is more effective than conventional solvents in the extraction of astaxanthin.

Arginine derivatives assist dopamine-hyaluronic acid hybrid hydrogels to have enhanced antioxidant activity for wound healing

Abstract Scaffolds with antioxidant capability have attracted considerable interests for wound healing. For enhanced wound healing, new antioxidant materials are still highly needed. In this study, new antioxidant materials, arginine derivatives (AD), were introduced into dopamine-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA-DA) to develop novel hydrogels (HA-DA/AD) with enhanced antioxidant activity. The HA-DA/AD hydrogels showed greater DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging rates than the HA-DA hydrogel. Moreover, the HA-DA/AD hydrogels exhibited significantly better protection for cells against external oxidative stress (decreased ROS and MDA levels and increased SOD and GPx enzyme activity) and better wound healing (enhanced VEGF and CD 31 expression and enhanced tissue remodeling). This study confirmed that AD could assist wound healing scaffolds to have enhanced antioxidant properties.

Effects of nanoemulsion-based edible coatings with composite mixture of rosemary extract and ε-poly-l-lysine on the shelf life of ready-to-eat carbonado chicken

Spoilage of ready-to-eat carbonado chicken during storage usually causes safety concerns and economic losses. A novel edible nanoemulsion coating with natural antimicrobial and antioxidant was applied to improve carbonado chicken shelf life. The nanoemulsion based on gelatin and chitosan incorporated a mixture of rosemary extract and ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) and was fabricated by high pressure homogenization. Emulsion droplet size and ζ-potential were examined by a zetasizer, and the mean droplet sizes were 257 nm and 1122.44 nm for the nanoemulsion and a coarse emulsion, respectively. A higher ζ-potential was obtained for the nanoemulsion (+32.50 mV) than for the coarse emulsion (+26.25 mV). The rheological properties of the coating solutions showed shear-thinning behavior. Microstructure analysis of the coating showed that the nanoemulsion possessed smoother and more homogeneous surfaces without pores and with better structural integrity than those of the coarse emulsion. Ready-to-eat carbonado chicken coated with the gelatin-chitosan solution, coarse emulsion, or nanoemulsion and uncoated samples were prepared for a preservation study. Samples coated by the nanoemulsion displayed the lowest total viable bacterial counts (TVC), mold and yeast counts, TBARS values, and pH changes under 4 °C refrigeration over 16 days. The nanoemulsion-coated carbonado chicken shelf life was prolonged by at least 6 days compared to that of the control. The nanoemulsion-based edible coating, as a novel antimicrobial and antioxidant material, effectively sustained active compound release to the meat surface and is a promising technology to improve the safety and quality of ready-to-eat meat products.

Self-Assembly of Protamine Biomacromolecule on Halloysite Nanotubes for Immobilization of Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme.

An antioxidant material composed of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), protamine sulfate polyelectrolyte (PSP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme was prepared by self-assembly of the PSP and SOD biomacromolecules on the nanoparticulate support. The structural, colloidal and biocatalytic features were assessed. Adsorption of PSP on the oppositely charged HNT surface at appropriate loadings gave rise to charge neutralization and overcharging, which resulted in unstable and stable dispersions, respectively. The formation of a saturated PSP layer on the HNT led to the development of positive surface charge and to remarkable resistance against salt-induced aggregation making the obtained HNT-PSP hybrid suitable for immobilization of negatively charged SOD. No enzyme leakage was observed from the HNT-PSP-SOD composite indicating sufficient structural stability of this material due to electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonding interactions taking place between the particles and the biomacromolecules. Enzymatic assays revealed that SOD kept its functional integrity upon immobilization and showed high activity in superoxide radical dismutation. In this way, stable antioxidant bionanocomposite dispersions were obtained, which can be used as antioxidants in heterogeneous samples.

Lipo-nanosilver composites biogenerated using Artemisia abrotanum L. aqueous extract

This work is focused on obtaining antioxidant materials based on liposomes and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The lipid vesicles labeled with chlorophyll a (as a spectral marker) were prepared by lipid thin film hydration method in a liquid crystal state. AgNPs were phytogenerated using an aqueous extract of Artemisia abrotanum L. (Southernwood), by using a “green” procedure. Three types of biohybrids based on liposomes and silver nanoparticles were prepared, and characterized by UV–Vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, DLS, and zeta potential measurements. The obtained bio-based materials exhibited good antioxidant properties estimated by chemiluminescence method.

Incorporation of yellow onion peel extract into the funoran‐based biodegradable films as an antioxidant packaging material

SummaryThis study was conducted to develop a biodegradable antioxidant film using yellow onion peel extract (YOPE) and funoran extracted from Gloiopeltis furcata. The mechanical, optical and antioxidant properties of the funoran films containing various amounts of YOPE (0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0%) were examined. YOPE dose‐dependently increased the flexibility as well as the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities of the funoran films. Additionally, the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the funoran films increased from 31.92 to 61.31 mg gallic acid equivalent g−1 film and from 21.80 to 79.22 mg quercetin equivalent g−1 film after the incorporation of YOPE, respectively. These results suggest that the funoran‐based film incorporated with YOPE, which was prepared from underutilised red alga and discarded onion peel, can be used as an antioxidant biodegradable packaging material.

Enhanced high temperature dielectric polarization of barium titanate/magnesium aluminum spinel composites and their potential in microwave absorption

Antioxidant materials with high permittivity are highly desirable for thin, microwave-absorbing materials at high temperature (MAMHT) due to their great impedance matching. In this work, composite ceramics composed of BaTiO3 and MgAl2O4 (BTMAS) synthesized by a traditional solid-state sintering method have been studied for their high temperature microwave dielectric properties. When the temperature rose between 473 K–573 K, the real part of permittivity (ε’) of BTMAS increased significantly relative to room temperature. As the temperature increased further to 873 K, ε’ gradually fell. Based on the collection of permittivities obtained by the inverse resolution of specific reflectivity, BT36 (36 mol % BaTiO3) was suitable for 1.1 mm thick microwave-absorbing materials from 300 K – 873 K. The envisaged material had an absorption bandwidth of 2 GHz (RL<-5 dB) which could move between microwave X-band as the temperature changed. Therefore, there is great potential for BTMAS in reducing the thickness of MAMHT.

Falkenbergia rufolanosa polysaccharide – Poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films: A promising wound healing agent against dermal laser burns in rats

This work was conducted to evaluate the compatibility between physicochemical, antioxidant and morphological properties of polysaccharide (FRP) extracted from red marine alga Falkenbergia rufolanosa reinforced by poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composed films at different ratios of FRP/PVA: F1 (70:30), F2 (50:50), F3 (30:70) and PVA (100% PVA) and the potential wound healing effects. As assessed, FRP/PVA prepared films were heterogeneous, slightly opaque with a rough surface as ascertained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and colorimetric parameters. Even, X-ray diffraction and glass transition results revealed a semi-crystalline structure of FRP composed films which decreased with increasing PVA ratios. The antioxidant activities of composite films depicted that F1 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in vitro. Therefore, F1 was found to promote significantly the wound healing, after eight days of treatment, evidenced by higher wound appearance scores and a higher content of collagen (885.12 ± 20.35 mg/g of tissue) confirmed by histological examination, when compared with control, CYTOL BASIC® and PVA-treated groups. All together, the marine-derived polysaccharide gave a substantial pledge for the development of biodegradable films as a potent antioxidant material and a promising agent for tissue regeneration.

Low-density lipoprotein-antioxidant flavonoids and a phenolic ester from Plectranthus hadiensis var. tomentosus

To investigate the effects of extraction solvents and drying methods on Plectranthus hadiensis var. tomentosus quality, eight compounds were isolated and the content of active compounds with their antioxidant activities were compared. Compounds 1 and 2 were known antioxidants, whereas the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-antioxidant activities of compounds 3, 5, 6, and 7 are reported for the first time, with IC50 values of 2.5, 3.8, 22.8, and 53.7 μM, respectively. Our analysis of 30‒95% ethanol extracts from freeze- and air-dried leaves and stems revealed a relationship between extract composition and antioxidant activity. The 95% ethanol extracts of freeze-dried stems (FDS) exhibited highest phenolic and flavonoid content, which were 1.40 and 2.67 times, respectively, greater than those of air-dried stems (ADS), and very high LDL-antioxidant and DPPH radical scavenging activities, which may have resulted from the phenolic ester rosmarinic acid (2), a major component of FDS extracts and potent antioxidant. In contrast, the 95% ethanol extracts of ADS exhibited relatively low antioxidant activity, possibly owing to the low antioxidant activity of the main components ayanin (7) and (+)-plectranthone (8). These results are important for the development of P. hadiensis var. tomentosus as an effective natural antioxidant material.

Characteristics and bioactive functions of chitosan/gelatin-based film incorporated with ε-polylysine and astaxanthin extracts derived from by-products of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

A biofunctional composite film was prepared using a casting method by incorporation of ε-polylysine (ε-PL) plus astaxanthin (Asta) extracts from Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) by-products into chitosan and gelatin film forming formulations. Compared with the bare gelatin or the chitosan-gelatin films, the composite film had similar water content and thickness, whereas, decreased water solubility, increased water vapour permeability and water contact angle. Molecular interactions were formed between gelatin and chitosan with or without ε-PL and Asta addition, as recorded and confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The scanning electronic microscopy images showed rough cross-section with pores, as well as vertical cracks along the composite film matrix. Surface roughness decrease was observed for the composite film by atomic force microscopy. The composite film displayed strong inhibitory effect (near 100%) against spoilage bacteria derived from L. vannamei. Besides, the lipid oxidation of corn oil was retarded after addition of composite film, with less than 5 nmol/mL of malondialdehyde detected when incubation at 60 °C for 59 h. Therefore, such composite film could have potential applications for antibacterial and antioxidant food packaging material.

Radical scavenging polyethylene films as antioxidant active packaging materials

Most foods and beverages require the use of additives to avoid degradative reactions responsible for spoilage, yet consumers are demanding removal of such additives from product formulations. In the present work, fish protein hydrolysates (heretofore “peptides”), natural compounds with demonstrated antioxidant activity, were bound to polyethylene (PE) surface through a two-step conjugation. The films were activated by UV-ozone treatment, and polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used to tether the peptides. Surface characterization of control and modified films was performed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), dye assays, contact angle and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) after each functionalization step. Surface characterization confirmed the successful activation and functionalization of the PE through the incorporation of carboxylic acids and amines. The covalent attachment of the active peptides onto the PE surface was confirmed by the changes observed in dye assays results and introduction of characteristic absorbance bands in ATR-FTIR spectra. Surface wettability showed the increase of hydrophilicity after UV-ozone treatment, and amine and peptide conjugation. TEAC assay showed that the amount of peptide bounded was not enough to have radical scavenging capacity, however amine conjugated films showed ability to scavenge free radicals (~1.2 nmol Trolox/cm2) and thus prevent oxidation reactions in foods. Such radical scavenging active packaging materials offer a potential alternative to the use of antioxidant additives in food and beverage formulations, addressing consumer demands for clean labels while mitigating food waste and loss due to spoilage.

Cowpea starch films containing maqui berry extract and their application in salmon packaging

Abstract This study focused on the development of a new biodegradable and active film applicable in the food industry. A new antioxidant film was prepared with cowpea starch (CS) and maqui berry extract (MBE). Different amounts (0%–20%) of MBE were incorporated into the CS films, and the prepared films were characterized. As MBE content in the CS films increased, the rigidity of the films decreased, and flexibility increased. Moreover, the opacity and ultraviolet-visible light blocking activity increased. The antioxidant activity also increased with increasing content of MBE in the films. Especially, radical scavenging activities against 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl of the CS film with 20% MBE were 88.46% and 42.39%, respectively. Furthermore, the CS film containing 20% MBE delayed lipid oxidation in the salmon samples during storage at 4 °C. These findings suggest that the CS films incorporated with MBE can be used as antioxidant packaging material.

Development of teff starch films containing camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia Mc. Vaugh) extract as an antioxidant packaging material

In this study, a biodegradable film was developed from teff starch (TFS) containing camu-camu extract (CCE) as an antioxidant packaging material. The radical scavenging activities, water barrier, mechanical, and optical properties of the TFS films were evaluated. The TFS films with CCE showed excellent radical scavenging activities. With increasing CCE content, the tensile strength of TFS films decreased from 31 MPa to 8 MPa, whereas the elongation at break increased from 26% to 73%. The TFS films containing CCE blocked the ultraviolet light completely in the range of 200–360 nm. In addition, the contact angle of the TFS films increased from 36° to 69°, and the surface of the TFS films became rough as the incorporated CCE amount increased. These results indicate that TFS films containing CCE are appropriate as an antioxidant packaging material.

Effect of Spraying with some Antioxidants on Growth, Yield, Fruit Quality and Nutritional Status of Navel Orange Trees

This study was carried out through two consecutive seasons 2016 and 2017 to investigate the effect of spraying with some antioxidants on vegetative growth, yield, fruit quality and nutritional status of twelve years old Navel orange trees on sour orange rootstock grown in a private orange orchard in Qalubia Governorate, Egypt cultivated in a silty clay loam soil. This experiment involved three antioxidant materials named (salicylic acid, citric acid and folic acid) and each one spraying by three levels of each of with (250, 500 and 1000 ppm) from each salicylic, citric and folic acid plus control treatment so the experiment included ten treatments. Selected trees were spraying three times (at the beginning of the growth cycle in March, just after fruit setting in May and just after June drop in July) by aqueous solution of salicylic acid, citric acid and folic acid until the point of runoff. The highest values of vegetative growth were obtained by spraying 500 ppm salicylic acid, 1000 ppm citric acid and 500 ppm folic acid. Regarding to yield, results pointed out that the foliar spraying with 500 ppm salicylic acid, 500 ppm citric acid and 250 ppm folic acid gave the highest values of yield. Treatments 500 ppm salicylic acid, 250 ppm citric acid and 250 ppm folic acid gave the highest values of physical and chemical fruit properties. In respect to nutrients content, the highest values of macronutrients were obtained by spraying 250 ppm folic acid, while that spraying 1000 ppm salicylic acid and 250 ppm folic acid gave the highest values of micronutrients. Therefore, using treatments 500 ppm salicylic acid, 500 ppm citric acid and 250 ppm folic acid may be recommended from economical point of view and as good treatments for enhancing Navel orange growth, yield, fruit quality and nutritional status especially under old citrus orchards.

Onion waste as a rich source of antioxidants for meat products

Onion skin is a waste produced in thousands of tons annually in the European Union. It is a rich natural source of flavonoids and its water extracts (as an environmentally friendly solvent) could be used as an antioxidant material for meat products. Therefore, antioxidant properties of onion skin water extracts (OSWEs) were tested on cooked pork patties. Pork patties were divided into five treatments: control (no antioxidant), 10 and 20% (w/w) of yellow OSWE, and 10 and 20% (w/w) of red OSWE. Antioxidant activity, total polyphenols, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and sensory analysis were assessed. Patties with added antioxidants showed significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content. Samples with OSWEs, after 5-day storage (5°C), had significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) lower TBARS values compared to control. Two main phenolic compounds were identified in OSWEs by liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry using electrospray ionisation in negative mode: quercetin (m/z 301) and quercetin monoglucoside (m/z 463). OSWEs demonstrated the potential to be used as a source of natural antioxidants with strong antioxidant activity in meat products.

Bioinspired RGD-Engineered Bacteriophage Nanofiber Cues against Oxidative Stress.

Instructive tissue engineering biomaterials provide a vascular niche and protect oxidative stress in injured tissue. In this study, we exploited bioinspired bacteriophage nanofibers, previously recognized by their biochemical and structural cues inducing angiogenesis, as an antioxidant tissue engineering material. We demonstrated that topological cues of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-engineered bacteriophage nanofibers provide angiogenic niches and cytoprotective functions against cellular oxidative stress with increased expression of antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) via the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor2 (Nrf2)-mediated signaling pathway, where a high density of RGD cues on the phage body support efficient interaction of cells with phage cues. These bioinspired RGD-engineered bacteriophage nanofibers can serve as a novel therapeutic platform for curing ischemic diseases.

Changes in Antioxidant Activities in Leaves and Stems of &lt;i&gt;Forsythia saxatilis&lt;/i&gt; var. &lt;i&gt;lanceolata&lt;/i&gt; Kept under Different Light Conditions

The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in antioxidant activities in the leaves and stems of Forsythia saxatilis var. lanceolata kept under different light conditions and to provide basic data for functional new materials. The antioxidant concentrations in growth third-year F. saxatilis var. lanceolata leaves after cutting were higher than those in the stem at 68.8 mg CGE / 100 g FW (total anthocyanins), 7405.0 mg CE / 100 g FW (total flavonoids), and 4231.2 mg GAE / 100 g FW (total phenolics). The antioxidant activity was also higher at 294.3 mg VCE / 100 g FW (DPPH radical scavenging). As a result of the correlation between antioxidant concentration and activity, total anthocyanins showed no correlation with other factors, but total flavonoids and total phenolics were found to have an r value of 0.753 in the significance level of 0.05 to each other, and total flavonoids and total phenolics were highly correlated with the DPPH radical scavenging activity (r = 0.753 and 0.698 at the 0.05 level, respectively). These results suggest that the total phenolic level of F. saxatilis var. lanceolata mostly comprises total flavonoids and that total flavonoids and total phenolics contribute to the antioxidant activity. An analysis of F. saxatilis var. lanceolata three years after cutting and growing under different light conditions (shade: 42.83 umol･m-2 ･s-1 PPFD, sunny: 788.39 umol･m-2･s-1 PPFD) showed that antioxidant concentrations and activities were higher in plants cultivated under sunny conditions. The chlorophyll content was also found to be higher in leaves from plants grown under sunny conditions. These results suggest that the phenolic compounds and vitamin C are synthesized during the photosynthesis process. Therefore, the antioxidant contents and activities of the leaves of F. saxatilis var. lanceolata grown under sunny conditions were higher than those of plants grown under the “shade” conditions. Thus, it was determined that F. saxatilis var. lanceolata has a high potential for antioxidant materials. It is considered that F. saxatilis var. lanceolata leaves grown under sunny conditions are highly likely to be used as a functional material owing to their high antioxidant concentration and activities than those grown under “shade” conditions.

The Effect of Accelerated Aging Conditions on the Properties of Rigid Polyurethane-Polyisocyanurate Foams Modified by Cinnamon Extract

Two series of rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams (RPU/PIR) modified by cinnamon extract (series C_0t and CU_0t) were obtained. One RPU/PIR series contained a commercial flame retardant (C_0t) in the formulation. The other was produced without its participation (CU_0t). The basic properties of obtained foams, e.g., apparent density, brittleness, water absorption, compressive strength, flammability were examined. Afterwards, both series of foams (C_0t and CU_0t) were subjected to degradation in the climatic chamber, acting on samples of foams a defined temperature, humidity and UV radiation for a seven days. In this way, two successive series of RPU/PIR foams were obtained, which were designated, respectively, C_1t and CU_1t, Chosen properties of degraded foams such as: compressive strength, cellular structure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and changes of chemical structure by FTIR spectroscopy were determined. Compressive strength and the aging resistance was also determined (against the coefficient of compressive strength variation (CV). The possible replacement of a commercial flame retardant in polyurethane formulations by the antioxidant raw material (cinnamon extract) was evaluated.

Value-added chemicals from food supply chain wastes: State-of-the-art review and future prospects

Food wastes are generated massively across global food supply chains. Conventional treatments of food waste (e.g., landfilling and incineration) cause environmental, economic, and social problems. There is a more sustainable and profitable management option by valorization of food waste into value-added chemicals. Consumer chemicals, including acids, sugars, and their derivatized forms, can be synthesized from food waste. Refined specialty chemicals from food waste ranging from solvents to antioxidant materials can be important for nutraceutical and biomaterial applications. Meanwhile, commodity chemicals derived from food waste such as biofuel, biogas, and biochar help meet the global demand for large-scale reutilization of resources and energy. Niche chemicals (e.g., chitosan, glucose, and free amino nitrogen) converted from food waste also show great prospect in nutrient recycling and use for industrial applications. This paper reviews and discusses the latest technological advances in different physical, chemical, and biological treatments of food waste, such that the productivity of value-added chemicals and cost-effectiveness of these valorization methods can be improved for future scaled-up operations. This paper covers holistic comparison and in-depth discussion regarding the feasibility and sustainability of food waste derived chemicals, together with the market outlook of recycling and valorization of food wastes from state-of-the-art perspectives.