Antioxidant Vitamin Levels Research Articles

Accumulation of dietary carotenoids, retinoids and tocopherol in the internal tissues of a bird: a hypothesis for the cost of producing colored ornaments.

Carotenoid-based ornaments may have evolved as a consequence of their costs of production, which would assure the reliability of the traits as signals of individual quality. Different costs due to carotenoid allocation to the signal have been proposed, considering the scarcity of these pigments at the environment (ecological cost) and their physiological properties that would trade against the maintenance of the organism. Carotenoids of many red ornaments (ketocarotenoids) are often the result of biotransformation of those pigments abundant in the diet (usually lutein and zeaxanthin). Some authors have suggested that such a conversion implies a cost relevant for signaling because it requires high levels of antioxidant vitamins in the tissues where biotransformation takes place. We explore this hypothesis in red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) by analyzing ketocarotenoids in the ornaments (bare parts) and carotenoids, vitamin A in different forms (free and esterified) and vitamin E in blood, liver and fat. Ketocarotenoids in ornaments (astaxanthin and papilioerythrinone) were not found in internal tissues, suggesting that they were directly transformed in the bare parts. However, ketocarotenoid levels where positively correlated with the levels of their precursors (zeaxanthin and lutein, respectively) in internal tissues. Interestingly, ketocarotenoid levels in bare parts negatively and positively correlated with vitamin A and E in the liver, respectively, the same links only being positive in blood. Moreover, retinyl and zeaxanthin levels in liver were negatively related. We hypothesize that storing substrate carotenoids in the main storage site (the liver) implies a cost in terms of regulating the level of vitamin A.

The investigation of pro-oxidant: Effect of a new Schiff base and its metal complexes (Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, Mn)

Background: Multifarious biological activities of Schiff base (SB) derivatives are well-known. Aim: In this study aimed that investigation of pro-oxidant effect of ([(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3methylurea]) derivative SB and its metal complexes. Material and Methods: Pro-oxidant effect was determined by antioxidant vitamins levels effect against malonyldialdehyde (MDA), which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation in the serum of rats. To this end; 4-6 weekly Wistar albino rats were injected 25 mg/L 2 weeks subcutaneously for 3 days apart by 1 ml injection of a new compound and were then sacrificed 16 days later. Effect of these compounds serum MDA concentration, which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation, serum antioxidant vitamins A, E, C levels were measured with high-performance liquid chromatograph. In the comparison done among a group. Result: It was observed that although other serum parameters were altered, groups in comparison with each other in the MDA, vitamins A, E and C concentrations were not statistically changed. Conclusion: It may conclude that the compounds tested the administered dose does not cause oxidative stress.

햇순나물의 소비확대를 위한 조리기술 개발 및 영양성 평가

This study was designed to develop dish recipes using Heatsun sprouts to improve the sprouts’ utilization and consumption. We created four kinds of dishes with Heatsun sprouts, including Acanthopanacis cortex, Kalopanax pictus, Aralia elata, and Cedrela sinensis, and analyzed their sensory properties and nutrients. In the sensory evaluation, the overall preference for all the dishes was scored higher than 3.0, Unnaumsun-dakgoginaengchae had the highest score (4.48) among the dishes. Unnamusun-dakgoginaengchae contained higher values of protein; vitamin A, E, and B6; and folic acid than the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs). The recipe for Dureupgokgammuchim was created to reduce the bitterness and the astringent taste of Aralia elata, and it was rich in vitamin C, E, and B6, as well as in folic acid and iron. Ogapisunkkonchijolim was cooked to reduce the fishy smell of a saury with the addition of Acanthopanacis cortex. It contained 1.5 times the protein RDAs, and high levels of antioxidant vitamins, including vitamin A, C, and E. Chamjugmandu was made by the mixing tofu and various vegetables without adding meat. It had the highest calorie count among the dishes, and its vitamin A, C, and E contents were higher than the corresponding RDAs.

Effects of Food Color Additiveson Antioxidant Functions and Bioelement Contents of Liver, Kidney and Brain Tissues in Rats

A number of chemical food coloring additives are added during processing to improve the appearance of thef oods and drinks. Tartrazine and carmoisine are organic azo dyes widely used in food products, drugs and cosmetics. The present study conducted to evaluate the effects of these food coloring additives via determination of bioelements, oxidant and antioxidant levels in liver, kidney, brain tissues and measurement of antioxidantvitamin levels in serum of rats. Animals were administered in high and low doses of tartrazine and carmoisine for a period of 15 d followed by blood and tissue sample collection for determination of antioxidant vitamin levels in serum and reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and most important trace and major bioelement contents in tissues. We did not observed any statistically significant changes in antioxidant vitamin levels in serum and in tissue MDA and GSH contents. But we determined the some significant changes about levels of bioelements in rats' liver, kidney and brain tissues exposed to the tartrazine and carmoisine. We concluded that tartrazine and carmoisine affect and alter bioelements levels in vital organs e.g. liver, kidney and brain. This issue should be considered by food manufacturers and consumers always.

<b>Antioxidant Vitamins Status of Hypertensive Subjects in Sokoto, Nigeria</b>

There is increased evidence that hypertension is associated with increased levels of oxidative stress markers. The current work aimed to estimate blood pressure, vitamins A, C, and E levels in 54 hypertensives attending the outpatient clinic of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria and the results compared with those of apparently healthy nonhypertensive volunteers of comparable age and social status. Blood pressure and Serum levels of vitamins A, C, and E were 161.3±23.0/104±14.0mmHg, 25.8±6.6 μg/dL, 0.40 ± 0.2 mg/dL, 0.40 ± 0.1 mg/dL and 123.1 ± 12.3/82.9 ± 9.2 mmHg, 40.3 ± 6.3 μg/dL, 0.7 ± 0.2 mg/dL and 1.0 ± 0.4 mg/dL in hypertensives and non-hypertensive subjects respectively. There was significantly (P<0.05) increased levels of blood pressure and significantly (P<0.05) decreased levels of antioxidant vitamins in hypertensives. Most (80%) of the hypertensives have deficient serum levels of the vitamins. The results suggest that the hypertensives in the study area have low serum levels of antioxidant vitamins, an indication that the hypertensives are predisposed to increased oxidative onslaught. Keywords: Hypertension, blood pressure, serum vitamins A, C, and E.

The effects of vitamins and trace minerals on chronic autoimmune thyroiditis

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is one of the most frequent types of inflammation of the thyroid gland. The prevalence of the overt HT is about 2% but it is believed that Hashimoto thyroiditis is more frequent than expected. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is characterized by dysfunction of the immune system, which leads to impaired tolerance of own tissues and increased production of autoantibodies against the thyroid cells. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-Tg) and/or TSH receptors antibodies are the principal markers of the disease. The essential element of the treatment of HT is the supplementation of L-thyroxine. In Hashimoto’s disease, like in many other autoimmune diseases, researchers attempted to support pharmacological treatment by adequate nutrition. The aim of this paper was to review the existing literature on the levels of antioxidants (vitamin A, C, E, selenium, zinc) and vitamin D in patients with HT, as well as the influence of the nutritional supplementation of the above mentioned elements on the metabolism of the thyroid gland hormones and the level of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies.

Apple cider vinegar modulates serum lipid profile, erythrocyte, kidney, and liver membrane oxidative stress in ovariectomized mice fed high cholesterol.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potentially beneficial effects of apple cider vinegar (ACV) supplementation on serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, liver and kidney membrane lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant levels in ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed high cholesterol. Four groups of ten female mice were treated as follows: Group I received no treatment and was used as control. Group II was OVX mice. Group III received ACV intragastrically (0.6% of feed), and group IV was OVX and was treated with ACV as described for group III. The treatment was continued for 28 days, during which the mice were fed a high-cholesterol diet. The lipid peroxidation levels in erythrocyte, liver and kidney, triglycerides, total, and VLDL cholesterol levels in serum were higher in the OVX group than in groups III and IV. The levels of vitamin E in liver, the kidney and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and erythrocyte-reduced glutathione (GSH) were decreased in group II. The GSH-Px, vitamin C, E, and β-carotene, and the erythrocyte GSH and GSH-Px values were higher in kidney of groups III and IV, but in liver the vitamin E and β-carotene concentrations were decreased. In conclusion, ACV induced a protective effect against erythrocyte, kidney, and liver oxidative injury, and lowered the serum lipid levels in mice fed high cholesterol, suggesting that it possesses oxidative stress scavenging effects, inhibits lipid peroxidation, and increases the levels of antioxidant enzymes and vitamin.

Oxidant-antioxidant status in Egyptian children with sickle cell anemia: a single center based study

Objectivethe present study was conducted to investigate the oxidant-antioxidant status in Egyptian children with sickle cell anemia. Methodsthe serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAO), paraoxonase (PON), vitamin E, nitrite, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 40 steady state children with homozygoussickle cell anemia (24 males and 16 females) and 20 apparently healthy age- and gender-matched controls Resultsmean serum TAO, PON, vitamin E, and nitrite levels were significantly lower in thegroup with sickle cell anemia, whereas mean serum MDA was significantly higher in these children compared to controls. No significant differences in mean levels of TAO, PON, nitrite, vitamin E, and MDA were found in sickle cell anemia patients receiving hydroxyurea when com-pared with those not receiving hydroxyurea. A significant negative correlation between serumnitrite and the occurrence of vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) was observed (r = −0.3, p = 0.04). PON level was found to be positively correlated with patients’ weight and BMI (r = −0.4, p = 0.01; r = −0.7, p < 0.001, respectively), but not with frequency of VOC. The area under the curve ofserum nitrite in predicting occurrence of VOC was 0.782, versus 0.701 for PON, and 0.650 forTAO (p = 0.006). Serum MDA was not correlated with nitrite, PON, TAO, or vitamin E levels. No significant correlations were detected between serum nitrite and hemoglobin or antioxidant enzymes. Conclusionchildren with sickle cell anemia have chronic oxidative stress that may result inincreased VOC, and decreased serum nitrite may be associated with increases in VOC frequency. A novel finding in this study is the decrease in PON level in these patients, which is an interesting subject for further research.

Effect of glutathione S‐transferase M1 and Tl polymorphism on the level of plasma antioxidant vitamin in Korean subclinical hypertensive patients after kale juice supplementation (1035.9)

Glutathione s‐transferase (GST) forms a multigene family of phase II detoxification enzymes which are involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. In this study, whether daily supplementation of kale juice could modulate levels of plasma antioxidant vitamin, and whether this modulation could be affected by GSTM1 and T1 polymorphisms was examined. Eighty four subclinical hypertensive patients showing systolic blood pressure (BP) over 130 mmHg or diastolic BP over 85 mmHg received 300 ml/day of kale juice for 6 weeks, and blood samples were drawn before and after these 6 weeks. The plasma level of vitamin C increased significantly in the GSTM1‐null genotype, but not significantly in the wild type. However, the level significantly increased in both null and wild GSTT1 genotypes. The plasma level of β‐carotene increased in both null and wild genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 after the kale juice supplementation. The plasma levels of retinol, α‐, γ‐tocopherol, α‐carotene, cryptoxanthin, and coenzyme Q10 did not show any significant difference in either GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotypes and in null and wild genotypes. This study suggests that the polymorphism of the GSTM1 gene exists in the plasma level of vitamin C in subclinical hypertensive patients (This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) under the sponsorship of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2012‐0001682)).

Association between dietary antioxidant vitamins intake/blood level and risk of gastric cancer

We aimed to systematically evaluate the association between dietary intake/blood levels of antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene, and α-carotene) and gastric cancer risk. Systematic literature searches were conducted until April 2013 in Pubmed and Embase to identify relevant studies. Either a fixed- or a random-effects model was adopted to estimate overall odds ratios (ORs). Dose-response, meta-regression, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were applied. Forty articles were finally included in the present study. Higher dietary intake of vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene, and α-carotene was inversely associated with gastric cancer risk (for vitamin C, pooled OR=0.58, 95% CI 0.51-0.65; for vitamin E, pooled OR=0.65, 95% CI 0.57-0.74; for β-carotene, pooled OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.49-0.70; for α-carotene, pooled OR=0.69, 95% CI 0.52-0.93). Subgroup analyses suggested the effects of these antioxidant vitamins were different in gastric cancer subtypes. As indicated by dose-response analysis, a 100 mg/day increment of vitamin C intake conferred an OR of 0.78 (95% CI 0.67-0.90); a 15 mg/day increment of vitamin E intake conferred an OR of 0.79 (95% CI 0.66-0.94); and a 5 mg/day increment in β-carotene intake conferred an OR of 0.80 (95% CI 0.60-1.04). No significant association was observed between blood vitamin C, α-tocopherol, γ- tocopherol, β-carotene and α-carotene levels and gastric cancer risk. In conclusion, dietary intake of vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene and α-carotene was inversely associated with gastric cancer risk while no such association was observed for blood levels of these antioxidant vitamins, thus the results should be interpreted cautiously.

Oxidant-antioxidant status in Egyptian children with sickle cell anemia: a single center based study

Objectivethe present study was conducted to investigate the oxidant-antioxidant status in Egyptian children with sickle cell anemia. Methodsthe serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAO), paraoxonase (PON), vitamin E, nitrite, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 40 steady state children with homozygous sickle cell anemia (24 males and 16 females) and 20 apparently healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Resultsmean serum TAO, PON, vitamin E, and nitrite levels were significantly lower in the group with sickle cell anemia, whereas mean serum MDA was significantly higher in these children compared to controls. No significant differences in mean levels of TAO, PON, nitrite, vitamin E, and MDA were found in sickle cell anemia patients receiving hydroxyurea when compared with those not receiving hydroxyurea. A significant negative correlation between serum nitrite and the occurrence of vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) was observed (r=−0.3, p=0.04). PON level was found to be positively correlated with patients’ weight and BMI (r=−0.4, p=0.01; r=−0.7, p<0.001, respectively), but not with frequency of VOC. The area under the curve of serum nitrite in predicting occurrence of VOC was 0.782, versus 0.701 for PON, and 0.650 for TAO (p=0.006). Serum MDA was not correlated with nitrite, PON, TAO, or vitamin E levels. No significant correlations were detected between serum nitrite and hemoglobin or antioxidant enzymes. Conclusionchildren with sickle cell anemia have chronic oxidative stress that may result in increased VOC, and decreased serum nitrite may be associated with increases in VOC frequency. A novel finding in this study is the decrease in PON level in these patients, which is an interesting subject for further research.

Associations of serum retinol, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol with biomarkers among healthy Japanese men.

Retinol, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol are fat-soluble vitamins acting as antioxidants via the prevention of lipid oxidation. Little is known about circulatory levels in healthy individuals. The present cross-sectional study aimed at elucidating the relationship between these antioxidants and clinical biomarkers in 206 male (median age 41 years, range 23–67) employees from companies located in the Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Subjects younger than 40 years (n = 94) showed a positive association of the frequency of alcohol consumption with the circulating retinol (β = 0.344, p = 0.001) and γ-tocopherol levels (β = 0.219, p = 0.041), and an inverse association of fast insulin with serum retinol (β = −0.301, p = 0.009). In participants older than 40 years (n = 112) we found that an inverse association of HOMA-R with serum retinol (β = −0.262, p = 0.021), α-tocopherol (β = −0.236, p = 0.035), and γ-tocopherol levels (β = −0.224, p = 0.052); and cigarette smoking was inversely associated with the levels of serum α-tocopherol (β = −0.286, p = 0.008) and γ-tocopherol (β = −0.229, p = 0.040). We further found negative relationships between serum ferritin and the retinol (β = −0.211, p = 0.032) and α-tocopherol levels (β = −0.223, p = 0.022) in men over 40 years of age. The present study suggests that the circulatory levels of antioxidant vitamins may modulate the action of insulin and that higher levels of iron might decrease the levels of antioxidant vitamins in the blood.

Serum Antioxidant Vitamins Levels in Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria

Sickle cell anaemia is associated with elevated oxidative stress via increase generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decline in antioxidant defences. Increased oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the development of sickle cell anaemic complications. In the current study, vitamins A, C, and E levels were estimated in 35 sickle cell anaemics attending the Paediatric medical clinic of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria and the results compared with those of apparently healthy non-sickle cell anaemic volunteers of comparable age and social status. Serum levels of vitamin A, C, and E were 31.06 ± 2.97 μg/dl, 0.27 ± 0.05 mg/dl, 0.20 ± 0.01 mg/dl and 69.51 ± 4.54 μg/dl, 0.77 ± 0.10 mg/dl and 0.49 ± 0.02 mg/dl in sickle cell anaemics and non- sickle cell anaemic subjects respectively. There was significantly (P&lt;0.05) decreased levels of antioxidant vitamins in sickle cell anaemic subjects. Age and gender did not have significant (P&gt;0.05) difference. The results suggest that sickle cell anaemics in the study area have low serum levels of antioxidant vitamins, an indication that the sickle cell anaemics are predisposed to increased oxidative onslaught.Keywords: Sickle cell anaemia, serum vitamins A, C, and E.

Levels of salivary antioxidant vitamins and lipid peroxidation in patients with oral lichen planus and healthy individuals.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucosal disease of unknown etiology. Many studies have implicated the protective role of antioxidants in such diseases. The aim of this study was to compare salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC and malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant vitamin (vitamin s A, C and E) levels in patients with erosive OLP and healthy individuals. Thirty six patients with OLP (14 males, 22 females) and 36 control subjects (15 males, 21 females), matched for age and sex were enrolled in this case control study. The salivary levels of MDA, TAC, and antioxidant vitamin levels were measured in both case and control groups. The salivary level of MDA was significantly higher (p<0.001) in patients than in controls. In patients with OLP, the TAC of saliva was significantly lower than that in healthy subjects (p<0.001). Compared with controls, the levels of salivary antioxidant vitamins were significantly decreased in patients with OLP (p<0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was found between the decrease in the salivary amount of vitamin C and that in vitamin E in patients and controls. In addition to the lower salivary levels of antioxidant vitamins and the lower TAC, the higher level of MDA in patients with OLP suggests that free radicals and the resulting oxidative damage may be important in the pathogenesis of OLP lesions.

Oxidant and Antioxidant Status in CRF

Oxidative stress plays a significant role in pathogenesis of chronic renal failure (CRF). Redox imbalance caused by increased ROS production and/ or reduced antioxidant reserve, leading to pathological consequences including damage to proteins, lipids and DNA. The present paper focuses on the extent of free radical damage on lipid (measured as malondialdehyde, MDA) and effect on antioxidant defense mechanism (measured as vitamin C) in the serum of CRF patients predialytically.40 cases and 40 controls between age group of 25 - 60 were taken. The level of MDA, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen was significantly increased, antioxidant vitamin levels were decreased in CRF patients as compared to normal subjects.The elevated MDA level can lead to lipid peroxidation and can also promote the complication of CRF. The antioxidant levels were decreased , so these patients can be supplemented with antioxidant vitamins for preventing lipid peroxidation and occurance of complication.

Melatonin reduces traumatic brain injury-induced oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex and blood of rats.

Free radicals induced by traumatic brain injury have deleterious effects on the function and antioxidant vitamin levels of several organ systems including the brain. Melatonin possesses antioxidant effect on the brain by maintaining antioxidant enzyme and vitamin levels. We investigated the effects of melatonin on antioxidant ability in the cerebral cortex and blood of traumatic brain injury rats. Results showed that the cerebral cortex β-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione, and erythrocyte reduced glutathione levels, and plasma vitamin C level were decreased by traumatic brain injury whereas they were increased following melatonin treatment. In conclusion, melatonin seems to have protective effects on traumatic brain injury-induced cerebral cortex and blood toxicity by inhibiting free radical formation and supporting antioxidant vitamin redox system.

Correlation of Glycemic Status with Oxidative/Antioxidant Status in Diabetic Retinopathy

Context : Diabetes is a chronic disease and sustained hyperglycemia attacks both micro vessels and macro vessels throughout the body. It is the leading cause of retinopathy, nephropathy, end stage renal disease and cardiovascular diseases. In Diabetes and its complication, oxidative stress is caused by both increased production of reactive oxygen species, sharp reduction in antioxidant defenses and altered cellular redox status. Aims: The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation of glycemic status with lipid peroxidation and antioxidant vitamin levels in patient with diabetic retinopathy. Setting and design: 50 patients with diabetic retinopathy and 50 age and sex matched healthy controls were included in the study. Fasting blood glucose levels, post prandial blood glucose levels were estimated to assess the severity of Diabetes. Glycated haemoglobin was estimated to assess glycemic control. The degree of lipid peroxidation in terms of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) by Thiobarbituric acid method along with antioxidant defenses, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E were estimated in cases and controls. Statistical analysis used: Student t test (two tailed, independent) has been used to find the significance of study parameters on continuous scale between two groups (Inter group analysis) on metric parameters. Pearson correlation between HbA1c and other parameters was performed to assess the relationship in each group. Results: The serum FBS, PPBS, HbA1c and MDA were found to be increased significantly (p<0.001) in diabetic retinopathy patients while plasma Vitamin A, C and E levels were significantly reduced (p<0.001) as compared to controls. Correlation study conducted between HbA1c and other parameters revealed that there was statistically significant negative correlation between HbA1c and vitamin A and vitamin C. Conclusions: The present study concludes that sustained hyperglycemia leads to excessive peroxidation and antioxidant deficiency in diabetic retinopathy. Therapeutic measures to increase the antioxidant levels and to control lipid peroxidation are warranted for effective control of diabetic complications.

Lipid –peroxidation &amp; Non-enzymatic antioxidant (Vitamin E &amp; Vitamin C) serum levels in Anemic Rheumatoid arthritis patients

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic multisystem disease with an unknown etiology affecting about 1% of the world's population. Anemia is a frequently occurring extra articular manifestation of RA, being mostly of the normochromic & normocytic type. The aim of our study to assess and affirm whether the increased oxidative stress in inflamed joints is reflected by lipid-peroxidation? Also to check the alteration in levels of non -enzymatic antioxidant (vitamin E & vitamin C) in RA with Anemia. 100 patients with RA and 100 healthy individual were included in this study. A level of malonaldehyde (MDA), a lipid -peroxidation marker was measured by Utley's method. Non enzymatic antioxidant vitamin E and vitamin C was assayed in plasma/ serum by Shami Hashim & Carl A Burtis method. The levels of MDA were significantly increased (P<0.001) in RA as compared to control. Whereas levels of non-enzymatic antioxidant (Vitamin E & Vitamin C) were decreased in patients as compared to control. It is statistically significant (P<0.001). There was a raised oxidative stress and decreased non-enzymatic antioxidant (Vitamin E & Vitamin C) in anemic rheumatoid arthritis patients. These changes are probably due to efforts for reducing lipid-peroxidation and hence to lower tissue damage. 19 method .Lipid-peroxidation was determined by Utley's method 20 with the help of red cell hemolysate.

Iridoid glucoside attenuates hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and thyroid hormone function in streptozotocin–induced diabetic rats

The present study was to evaluate the effect of iridoid glucoside on the levels of blood glucose, plasma insulin, serum total protein, albumin, thyroid hormone (T3, T4), TSH, LPO and activities of both enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. The levels of blood glucose, TBARS and hydroperoxide were significantly increased whereas the levels of plasma insulin and activities of enzymic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx and GST) and the levels of non-enzymic antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E) and reduced glutathione were decreased in the liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats. In addition, serum levels of total protein, albumin, T3, T4 and TSH were also decreased in diabetic rats when compared to control rats. Oral administration of iridoid glucoside to diabetic rats showed significant ameliorative effects on all the biochemical parameters studied. Moreover, the iridoid glucoside showed free radical scavenging activity assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in vitro which may have responsible for these hypoglycemic and improved antioxidant statuses in vivo. The effect produced by iridoid glucoside on various parameters was comparable to that of glibenclamide. These results indicated that iridoid glucoside possesses antidiabetic and antioxidant potential in addition to synthesis and/or secretion of circulating thyroid hormone.

The Serum and salivary level of malondialdehyde, vitamins A, E, and C in patient with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Background:Oral recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affected oral mucosa which has afflicted about 20% of the society. Etiology of this disease is unknown. Three main factors influencing aphthous stomatitis are genetic, hematologic, and immunologic factors. Another proposed factor that may be considered in etiology of aphthous ulcer is oxidant, anti-oxidant imbalance in the body. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of lipid peroxide enzyme as an important oxidant agent and anti-oxidant vitamins in the saliva and serum of the patients suffering from RAS and compare it to healthy people.Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional, descriptive – analytical study, 25 patients suffering from RAS were compared to 24 healthy individuals. Applying enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as Vitamins A, E, and C were measured in the saliva and serum of two groups. The results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version (11.5), t-test and χ2.Results:No significant difference was detected between salivary and serum levels of antioxidant vitamins (A, E, and C) and MDA in both experimental groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion:According to the results of this study, RAS is not associated with oxidant–antioxidant imbalance in the body. However, it seems quite necessary to carry out more studies in this area.