Antioxidant Potential Of Leaf Extracts Research Articles

Secondary metabolite estimation and antioxidant potential assessment of purple bell Thunbergia erecta (Benth.) T. Anderson

To quantify the aqueous and methanolic extracts for primary and secondary metabolites, and the antioxidant potential of leaf extracts of the Thunbergia erecta plant and to adopt them in Ayurvedic medications for various illnesses. Primary metabolites like carbohydrates, proteins, and secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, total phenols, and tannins were estimated using standard procedures. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), hydrogen peroxide, and phosphomolybdenum free radical scavenging activities were employed to evaluate the antioxidative potential. The phytochemical examination of T. erecta exhibited the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, alkaloids, total polyphenolics, flavonoids, and tannins in significant quantity. The in vitro antioxidant potential of the species, clearly verifies that methanolic extract shows prominent antioxidant properties followed by the hydroalcoholic extract. From this study, it can be concluded that this species is effective in scavenging free radicals and may be a powerful antioxidant. The T. erecta leaf extract showed the existence of bioactive components which are known to exhibit medicinal activities. The findings of this study suggest that these plant leaves could be a potential source of natural antioxidants that could have great importance as therapeutic agents in preventing various diseases.

Comparative Antimicrobial and Antioxidant potential of leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos from different regions of Himachal Pradesh

Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae) also called as Bael is an important medicinal plant of Himalayan region. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts (n-hexane and ethanol) A. marmelos leaves from different locations of Himachal Pradesh. All the extracts were tested for the antioxidant potential by DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assay and antimicrobial activity against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacterial and fungal strains-Candida albicans (ATCC90028) and C. albicans (MTCC277) using broth dilution method. Significant variation in antioxidant potential was observed in the ethanolic extract of A. marmelos leaves from eight different locations of Himachal Pradesh. Ethanolic extract of Mandi (M3) region showed comparatively more antioxidant potential as revealed from lower IC50 value in DPPH (14.77µg/ml) in comparison to leaves extract of other districts; whereas n hexane extract of Bilaspur (B2) showed higher FRAP activity as shown by lower IC50 value (6.62µM) as compared to leaves extracts of other districts. Antioxidant potential of ethanol extract was slightly higher than that of n-hexane for all the populations of A. marmelos. Ethanolic extracts of Sirmour district (SM1) showed lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) (7.81µg/ml) against S. aureus, ethanolic extract of Mandi (M3) showed lowest MIC (7.81µg/ml) against E. coli, whereas n-hexane extracts of Chamba (CH1) and Una (U2) showed lowest MIC value (7.81µg/ml) against K. pneumonia. The n-hexane extract of Solan (SO3), ethanolic extract of Kangra (K2), ethanolic extract of Chamba (CH3) showed least MIC (31.25µg/ml) against C. albicans (ATCC90028), whereas ethanolic extracts of district Mandi (M3) showed lowest MIC (31.25 µg/ml) against C. albicans (MTCC277). From the current study it may be concluded that leaf samples of A. marmelos from Mandi district has comparatively more antioxidant potential among all other samples, whereas comparative variation in antibacterial and antifungal activity of A. marmelos leaves from different geographical regions was observed.

Medicinal plants with antioxidant potential of leaf extracts of selected medicinal plants

Traditional system of medicine is a part of Indian life. The present study was carried out to know the anti oxidant activity of selected medicinal plants viz, Aegle marmelos, Butea monosperma, Comnifora wighti, Holostemma ada-kodien, Decalepis hamiltonii, Gloriosa superba, Gymnema sylvestre and Santalum album were studied from Indalwai forest of Nizamabad. DPPH, Nitric Oxide, Superoxide, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of methanol leaf extracts at different concentrations were studied (ascorbic acid used as standard). The present study revealed the anti oxidant activity of the leaf extracts of selected plants at all concentrations tested.

Explicating genetic diversity based on ITS characterization and determination of antioxidant potential in sea buckthorn (Hippophae spp.).

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae) is in the focus of interest mainly for its positive effects on health of both human and animal organisms. Due to the similarities in vegetative morphology, Hippophae species are often misidentified. Therefore, current study was focused on ITS based sequence characterization of sea buckthorn species and comparative biochemical evaluation for its antioxidant properties. DNA was extracted from leaf samples. Primer pairs K-Lab-SeaBukRhm-ITS1F1- K-Lab-SeaBukRhm-ITS1R1 and K-LabSeaBukTib- ITSF1- K-LabSeaBukTib-ITSR1 were used for PCR amplification. The purified PCR products were outsourced for sequencing. Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on neighbor-joining (NJ) method. Moreover, comparison of antioxidant potential of leaves of two sea buckthorn species (Hippophae rhamnoides and Hippophae tibetana) collected from different regions of Ladakh viz., Stakna, Nubra, DRDO Leh and Zanskar was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by phosphomolybdenum assays. The present investigation led to the differentiation of two sea buckthorn species viz., H. rhamnoides and H. tibetana based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. Moreover, significant variation was observed in antioxidant potential of leaf extracts collected from different regions. Primary ITS sequence analysis was found to be powerful tool for identification and genetic diversity studies in sea buckthorn. Leaves of sea buckthorn have pronounced antioxidant properties and can be used in food, neutraceuticals and pharmaceutical industries etc. The current study will pave the way to discover small bioactive molecules responsible for antioxidant and anticancer properties in sea buckthorn.

Phytochemical content and antioxidant potential of leaf extracts of Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck collected in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

This study was designed to investigate the phytochemical and the antioxidant activities of the extracts of Citrus limon L Osbeck leaf using ethanol, acetone and distilled water as extraction solvents. The total alkaloids, saponin, phenolic acid and flavonoids were determined spectrophotometrically while antioxidant potentials were evaluated with 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) protocols. The phytochemical evaluation of the leaf of C. limon, reveals high contents of alkaloids, (12.23%) and saponin (5.53%). In addition, the aqueous extract shows the highest phenolic acid content of 289.4 ± 5.73 mg/GAE/g followed by ethanol 209.72 ± 6.38 mg/GAE/g and the least was the acetone extracts 207.56 ± 7.03mg/GAE/g. Flavonoids content was also highest in the ethanol extract (1052.58 ± 39.44mg/QE/g) and the aqueous extract (447.41 ± 4.56mg/QE/g). All the extracts showed significant antioxidant activities with ABTS, FRAP and DPPH along a concentration gradient. The high phytochemical content and the antioxidant activity of C. limon leaf extracts observed in this study supports and justifies its use in folk medicine.

Pharmacology of Carissa carandas leaf extract: anti-proliferative, antioxidant and antimicrobial investigation

Carissa carandas (Apocynaceae), a tropical plant popularly known as karonda in India, is being commonly used as a condiment in pickles and spices. Many usages of the leaf have been described in the traditional system of medicine. However, this part of the plant has not been experimentally investigated comprehensively. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative, anti-microbial, and antioxidant potential of leaf extracts. The extracts were prepared in polar and non-polar solvents, and their anti-proliferative potential was tested by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-25-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in cancer/normal cell-lines. The antioxidant activity was estimated by performing various assays, and agar-disk-diffusion assay was used to explore the antimicrobial properties against six gram-positive and five gram-negative bacteria. Among all, methanol and methanol-water extract showed potent radical-scavenging, ferric-reducing, and antioxidant activity. Both the extracts inhibited the growth of cancer cell lines and showed moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Mycobacterium smegmatis in a dose-dependent manner. The active extracts were evaluated for in vivo toxicity and found safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight in mice. Furthermore, methanol and methanol: water extracts were also tested for mutagenicity and found to be non-mutagenic. Hence, these findings suggest anti-proliferative, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential of C. carandas leaf extracts.

Phytocomplex Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Powdered Fruits and Leaves from Elaeagnus angustifolia.

Fully ripe fruits and mature leaves of Elaeagnus angustifolia were harvested and analyzed by means of analytical and biological tests to better comprehend the chemical composition and therapeutic/nutraceutical potential of this plant. Fruits and leaves were dried and the obtained powders were analyzed to study their color character and (via headspace gas chromatography) describe the chemical profile. Subsequently, they were submitted to a chloroform–methanol extraction, to a hydroalcoholic extraction procedure assisted or not by microwaves, and to an extraction with supercritical CO2, assisted or not by ethanol as the co-solvent, to detect the polyphenolic and the volatile content. The resulting extracts were evaluated in terms of chlorophyll and carotenoid content, polyphenolic content, volatile fraction, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, radical scavenging activity, and enzymatic inhibition activity. The results confirmed the correlation between the chemical composition and the high antioxidant potential of leaf extracts compared to the fruit extracts in terms of the phenolic and pigment content. A promising effect against tyrosinase emerged for all the extracts, suggesting a therapeutic/nutraceutical use for this plant. Conversely, the volatile content from both natural matrices was similar.

Antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf extract of Etlingera fenzlii (Kurz) Skronick.& M.Sabu (Zingiberaceae) - The honey bee repellent endemic plant species of the Andaman Nicobar Islands

Etlingera fenzlii (Kurz) Skronick.M they smeared their bodies with the leaf sap and also chewed leaves to spat on to the honey comb. The honey bees there upon flew away from the comb and did not string. It is documented that the volatile constituents of leaves have proved to be effective eco-friendly, possess varying degrees of insect and pest controlling properties. It is also an important folk medicine for malarial fever and gastrointestinal disorders. The present study was performed to investigate the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of leaves of E. fenzlii . The antioxidant potential of leaf extract was evaluated with methods DPPH scavenging assay and reducing power assay. The extract showed antioxidant activity compared to the reference antioxidant ascorbic acid in a dose dependent manner. In DPPH scavenging assay the IC 50 value of the extract was found to be 42.50μg/ml while the IC 50 value of the reference standard ascorbic acid was 71.31μg/ml. Phenolic content of the leaf extract was also evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Total phenolic content of the extract was found to be 53±8.86 µg GAE/mg. The results obtained in the present study indicate that leaves of E.fenzlii have potent antioxidant activity and/or free radical scavenging activity.

Determination of polyphenolic contents and antioxidant potential of leaf extracts from <i>Jatropha curcas</i> (Linn)

Determination of polyphenolic contents and antioxidant potential of leaf extracts from <i>Jatropha curcas</i> (Linn)

Luehea divaricata Mart. anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity in a Caenorhabditis elegans model system

Oxidative stress has been implicated as a major cause of a number of clinical abnormalities. This effect of oxidative stress on human health has led many research groups to search for new antioxidant compounds. Because there are only small number of studies that have examined the pharmacological effects of Luehea divaricata, the antioxidant potential of leaf extract against different pro-oxidants in vitro and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was investigated. The scavenger activity of the extract was evaluated in vitro against NO, DPPH, and H2O2. The iron chelating and reducing properties of the extract were determined using the ortho-phenantroline method. In the in vivo assays, the nematodes were scored for viability after pretreatment with extract and exposure to juglone, sodium nitroprusside, H2O2, or Fe2+. The effects of the extract on behavioral parameters were also evaluated. Although the extract was able to scavenge NO and DPPH, and exhibited Fe3+ reducing power in vitro, it was not able to protect deoxyribose against H2O2 or to chelate Fe2+. Furthermore, a protective effect of the extract against juglone and Fe2+ was demonstrated by a 23% increase in nematode survival in vivo. The antioxidant effects depicted in vitro were not directly correlated to the results in vivo, which may be due to metabolism of the extract or to other effects besides polyphenol scavenger activity. Behavior studies revealed a 13% increase in the pharynx pumping rate in the treated larvae, which was associated with the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. Our study clearly indicated that the L. divaricata leaf extract was able to increase the resistance of a whole organism to oxidative stress and to increase cholinergic tonus. Thus, the L. divaricata antioxidant and anticholinergic activities that were presented in this study for the first time in vivo indicate that the extract or its component substances may be useful in preventing or treating neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.