Antioxidant Parameters In Patients Research Articles

Evaluation of Advanced Glycation End Products, Oxidative stress, and Antioxidant Parameters in Patients with Atherosclerosis

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases is the main reason of mortality in developed and developing nations. Atherosclerosis is the major source of morbidity and mortality. The main cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is the atherosclerotic plaques formation. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), such as Nε-(carboxymethyl)-lysine (CML) and pentosidine (PTD) are implicated in vascular disease. The important risk factor for atherosclerosis is the imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidants. This study is aimed to evaluate the serum AGE, oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in atherosclerotic patients to compare with control group.

Outcome of Tobacco Smoking Habit on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant parameters in Anemic Individuals

Introduction: Globally tobacco smoking is considered as a foremost public health problem. Erythrocytes membrane lipids are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and the oxidative effects of oxygen on its membrane are greater than other tissues and the condition is heightened by tobacco smoke.Free radicals present in the tobacco increases peroxidation products in blood and vascular tissues are chiefly responsible for harmful effects.
 Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the impact of stress induced by tobacco smoke on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant parameters in patients with anemia.
 Methodology: A hospital-based case-control study was carried out in Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital, included 150 tobacco smoking anemic and 150 healthy volunteers. The stress parameter was assessed by the determination of malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxide and nitric oxide. The non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamins A, C and E and total antioxidant activity and enzymatic antioxidants were catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were also determined.
 Result: Hemoglobin level in anemic smokers showed raised level as compared to healthyindividualsbut there was diminished antioxidants status and elevated free radical parameters in anemic smokersdespite their raised hemoglobin status.We found statistically increased malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxide and nitric oxide levels and decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status, thus increasing the oxidative stress.
 Conclusion: The present study showed high concentration of hemoglobin, low status of non-enzymatic antioxidants and high levels of oxidants as compared to controls reflecting the destructive and oxidative effects of tobacco smoke.

An assessment of serum oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in patients undergoing treatment for cervical cancer

ObjectivesOxidative stress and antioxidants are involved in all aspects of cervical cancer. The present study evaluated serum levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers in cervical cancer patients and healthy controls. Moreover, the effect of Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) on these biomarkers and their association with treatment outcome was investigated. DesignThis study included ninety-seven cervical cancer patients and thirty controls. Three oxidative stress parameters (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, Protein Carbonyl, and Malondialdehyde) and four antioxidant parameters (Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, and Total Antioxidant Status) were measured. The analysis was conducted using repeated measures ANOVA for comparing among the phases (before, during, and follow-up) of treatment. The control group was compared using the Dunnet test. Logistic regression analysis was also conducted between oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters to study their association. ResultsSignificant rises in oxidative damage markers were observed in cervical cancer patients of all stages, compared to controls. There was a further increase in oxidative stress markers during CCRT among complete responders. However, among non-responders, the oxidative stress biomarkers like Protein Carbonyl and Malondialdehyde were unaltered during CCRT.Simultaneously, there was a significant decrease in antioxidant parameters in cervical cancer patients of all stages compared to controls. During CCRT, antioxidant levels continuously depleted among complete responders. Nevertheless, in non-responders, antioxidant parameters like Superoxide Dismutase and Total Antioxidant Status were consistent. The oxidative stress markers and antioxidant parameters normalized among complete responders at six months follow up. While in non-responders, the normalization of these parameters was not observed. ConclusionOur results indicate that increased oxidative stress and diminished antioxidants among patients were associated with carcinoma cervix. Induced oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant parameters during CCRT among the complete responders show the treatment's efficacy. Oxidant-antioxidant profile merits investigation as markers of diagnosis, treatment response, survival, and recurrence in extensive prospective studies.

The Effect of Immunosuppression on Selected Antioxidant Parameters in Patients with Graves' Disease with Active Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy.

Thyroid-associated orbitopathy, the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease, is an autoimmune inflammation of orbital soft tissue. We report the study assessing the effect of immunosuppressive treatment with methylprednisolone on selected antioxidant parameters in patients with Graves' disease with active thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Activity and serum levels of selected antioxidant parameters as well as lipid peroxidation products were determined in a group of 56 patients with active thyroid-associated orbitopathy at three time-points: at baseline, after the discontinuation of intravenous methylprednisolone treatment and at 3 months after the discontinuation of additional oral methylprednisolone treatment. A control group consisted of 20 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers. We found an increased activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and increased serum levels of uric acid, malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes, as well as a reduced activity of paraoxonase-1 and reduced serum vitamin C level in the study group at baseline. Systemic intravenous and oral methylprednisolone therapy led to normalization of activity and concentration of the most studied parameters. Results of our study confirmed that oxidative stress is one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy and the methyloprednisolone treatment is effective in reducing both clinical symptoms and oxidative stress in patients with this disease.

The effect of thyroid hormone status on selected antioxidant parameters in patients with Graves' disease and active thyroid-associated orbitopathy.

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) in patients with Graves' disease (GD). This study assessed the effect of thyroid hormone abnormalities on selected antioxidant parameters in patients with active TAO. The study group consisted of 56 patients with GD and active TAO treated with antithyroid medication. Depending on the thyroid hormone level, they were subdivided into two groups: Group 1 - hyperthyroid patients (n = 34) and Group 2 - euthyroid patients (n = 22). The total oxidant status expressed as the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as well as selected enzymatic and nonenzymatic components of the antioxidant system, including the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and paraoxonase 1 (PON-1), as well as the levels of vitamin C, uric acid, and lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CD) were assessed in all enrolled participants. The FRAP values in Group 1 were significantly higher than in controls. The FRAP values in Group 2 were lower than in Group 1 and higher than in controls. However, the differences were not significant. In Group 1, the activity of SOD and GPx, as well as serum levels of uric acid, MDA, and CD, were significantly higher than in controls. At the same time, serum PON-1 activity and vitamin C levels were significantly lower in Group 1 than in controls. In Group 2, the SOD activity as well as MDA and CD levels were non-significantly lower than in Group 1 and non-significantly higher than in controls. The activity of GPx in euthyroid patients with TAO was significantly higher than in controls. Hyperthyroidism is a significant contributor to oxidative stress in patients with active TAO, which manifests as upregulated lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system activation. Euthyroid state restoration leads to a relative reduction in activity and levels of most studied antioxidant parameters, which still remain above the normal values. The autoimmune inflammation of the orbital tissue seems to be a thyroid hormone status-independent modifier of oxidative stress.

Comparison of Oxidant and Antioxidant Parameters in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome and Healthy Subjects

Abstract Objective Oxidative stress may have an effect on the pathogenesis of diseases, including autoimmune rheumatic diseases. We aimed to investigate the serum paraoxonase activity and other oxidant/antioxidant parameters in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and healthy controls. Methods 85 patients with SS and 65 healthy subjects were included in the study. Groups were age and gender-matched and had no liver disease. Serum paraoxonase (PON)-1 activity, stimulated paraoxonase (SPON), PON-1 phenotypes that represent polymorphism (Q192R; QQ, QR, RR), arylesterase (ARE), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP), total thioles (TTL) and ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA) were measured in all study participants. Results Statistically significant differences were found in the QQ and QR+RR phenotype of PON-1 for TAC, TOS and TTL (p<0.001) between SS and healthy groups. The other parameters were statistically insignificant. Conclusion Antioxidant parameters were lower in SS patients compared with healthy controls. Conversely, oxidant parameters were higher. This imbalance may play a role in SS pathogenesis.

Alteration in Biochemical and Antioxidant Parameters in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Injury

Alteration in Biochemical and Antioxidant Parameters in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Injury

Total Antioxidant Capacity, Uric Acid, and Bilirubin in Patients with Heart Failure due to Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

The impairment of cardiac contractility in chronic heart failure might be caused by an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or a decrease in the antioxidant defense. Therefore, we studied total antioxidant capacity (TAC), uric acid, bilirubin, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in relation to the hemodynamic status in patients with stable heart failure. As many as 216 right heart catheterization procedures were performed in 107 patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. TAC, uric acid, bilirubin, and MDA concentrations were analyzed. A comparison of groups established on the basis of the median of cardiac index (CI of 2.1 l/min/m 2 ) and mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO 2 of 62%) was done. The results showed that significantly higher uric acid and bilirubin levels were determined in the group with CI < 2.1 l/min/m 2 and in the group with SvO 2 < 62%. TAC was higher in patients with lower CI. MDA concentration was similar in all subgroups. TAC correlated with stroke volume (p < 0.05), and pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance (SVRI) (p < 0.05). Both uric acid and bilirubin correlated significantly and positively with all hemodynamic parameters of pulmonary circulation and SVRI. Additionally, positive correlations between uric acid and TAC (p < 0.001) and bilirubin and uric acid (p < 0.001) were detected. On the other hand, a negative correlation between TAC and MDA (p < 0.01) was observed. In conclusion, this study revealed a novel relationship between redox state and severity of heart failure. An increase of antioxidant parameters in patients with low CI and low SvO 2 may suggest an increased oxidative stress intensity and elevated compensatory mechanism in stable heart failure due to non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in patients with major depressive disorder compared to healthy controls before and after antidepressant treatment: results from a meta-analysis.

To investigate the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in depression. We searched the literature without language restrictions through MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Fisterra, and Galenicom from database inception until December 31, 2013, supplemented by a hand search of relevant articles. Search terms included (1) oxidative stress, antioxidant*, nitrosative stress, nitrative stress, nitro-oxidative stress, free radical*, and names of individual oxidative stress markers/antioxidants and (2) depression and related disorders and antidepressant. Included were studies in patients with depression comparing antioxidant or oxidative stress markers with those in healthy controls before and after antidepressant treatment. Two authors independently extracted the data for antioxidant or oxidative stress markers. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) ± 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for results from ≥ 3 studies were calculated. Altogether, 29 studies (N = 3,961; patients with depression = 2,477, healthy controls = 1,484) reported on the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and total nitrites, the antioxidants uric acid and zinc, or the antioxidant-enhancing enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). When patients with depression were compared with healthy controls, depression was associated with higher oxidative stress MDA levels (8 studies; n = 916; SMD = 1.34; 95% CI, 0.57 to 2.11; P < .001), lower antioxidant uric acid (4 studies; n = 512; SMD = -0.64; 95% CI, -1.22 to -0.06; P = .030) and zinc levels (13 studies; n = 2,002; SMD = -0.66; 95% CI, -0.98 to -0.34; P < .0001), and higher antioxidant-enhancing enzyme SOD levels (11 studies; n = 902; SMD = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.07 to 1.17; P = .028), while differences in total nitrites and CAT and GPX were nonsignificant. Antidepressant treatment, which significantly reduced Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores (24.6 ± 0.7 to 16.2 ± 1.6; SMD = 2.65; 95% CI, 1.13 to 4.15; P = .00065), reduced MDA (4 studies; n = 194; SMD = -1.45; 95% CI, -2.43 to -0.47; P = .004) and increased uric acid (3 studies; n = 212; SMD = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.03 to 1.49; P = .040) and zinc levels (3 studies; n = 65; SMD = 1.22; 95% CI, 0.40 to 2.04, P = .004), without differences in MDA (P = .60), uric acid (P = .10), and zinc (P = .163) levels compared to healthy controls. Results suggest that oxidative stress plays a role in depression and that antidepressant activity may be mediated via improving oxidative stress/antioxidant function.

Biomarkers of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defense in type 2 diabetes mellitus - comparative analysis

The objective of our study was to determine the interrelations between the “first”, non-enzymatic, and the “second”, enzymatic line of antioxidant defense in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and manifested cardiovascular complications. The second aim was to determine the relations between pro-oxidant (lipid status) and antioxidant parameters in patients under observation.

Accumulation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and its relationship with antioxidant parameters in patients with Eales’ disease: Implications for antioxidant therapy

Purpose. Eales’ disease (ED) is an idiopathic retinal inflammatory disease, which affects the retina of young adult males. Oxidative stress has been associated with the development of various inflammatory diseases. Accumulation of DNA oxidation products has been considered as an early biomarker for assessing oxidative tissue damage. To our knowledge there are no human clinical reports available on the accumulation of DNA adducts in ocular inflammatory diseases. Hence the aim of the present study was to determine the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and to correlate it with the antioxidant and oxidant parameters in patients with ED and healthy control subjects. Methods. Twenty-two patients with ED [12 in active perivasculitis (AV) and 10 in healed vasculitis stages (HV)] were recruited for the study. 14 healthy volunteers were included as control. 8-OHdG was determined in their leukocytes by Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) technique. Glutathione levels were determined in plasma, while Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and thiobarbituricacid reactive substances (TBARS) content were determined in their erythrocytes. Results. Our results indicated that 8-OHdG levels were elevated by 3 and 1.9 folds respectively in AV and HV stages of patients with ED, when compared with healthy control subjects. Increased 8-OHdG levels correlated with diminished SOD activity and decreased GSH content in patients with ED. Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of DNA adduct accumulation in patients with ED. Increased DNA adduct accumulation correlated with the severity of the disease, and they lie in parallel with diminished antioxidant capacity observed in patients with ED. Based on the observations from our present work and our earlier studies, we reiterate that oxidative stress is involved in the disease process. Hence we believe antioxidant vitamin E and C supplementation might be beneficial to patients with ED.