Antioxidant Evaluation Research Articles

Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, bioactive compound profiling, and molecular mechanisms of a multicomponent Thai herbal formulation

BackgroundMedicinal plants have long been used as dietary supplements to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, inflammation, cancer, and metabolic syndromes. Traditional remedies possess therapeutic properties, making them promising candidates for further investigation and potential pharmaceutical development. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Belog Plus (BP), a polyherbal product containing five Thai medicinal plants: Citrus aurantifolia, Cannabis sativa, Tiliacora triandra, Alpinia galanga, and Piper nigrum, combined with safflower seed oil. This study focused on quantifying the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and identifying key herbal biomarkers that contribute to its therapeutic properties. In addition to assessing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the plant extracts, the study explored the molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory activity, offering a comprehensive understanding of BP's efficacy. MethodsThe ethanolic extract of BP and its components were assessed for antioxidant potential using DPPH, FRAP, and H2O2 induced oxidative stress. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the Griess reaction assay, and the mechanisms were explored through mRNA and protein expression analysis. The TPC and TFC were measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu (F–C) assay and the aluminium chloride colorimetric assay, respectively, while herbal biomarkers were identified using LC-MS/MS analysis. ResultsThe results revealed that the ethanolic extract of BP (6.25-100 µg/ml) exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory effect through nitric oxide inhibition (IC50 24.4 μg/ml) and significantly reducing the expression of inflammatory genes iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α. Additionally, it significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory proteins iNOS and COX-2 at concentrations of 6.25-25 µg/ml. Among the individual components, C. aurantifolia, A. galanga, and P. nigrum showed potent anti-inflammatory effects with IC50 values of 35.7, 6.5, and 23.3 μg/ml, respectively. The TPC and TFC results demonstrated significant levels of phenolic (80.6 µg GAE/mg) and flavonoid (47.4 µg catechin/mg) compounds. Additionally, the LC-MS/MS analysis identified a variety of bioactive compounds known for their anti-inflammatory properties. ConclusionThese findings support BP's potential use as a dietary supplement to mitigate the risk of chronic inflammatory diseases, with its ethanolic extract containing bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds that significantly suppress iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions.

Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-tyrosinase, and neuroprotective effects of β-ionone: In vitro and in silico analysis

β-Ionone is a bioactive phytochemical that has been extracted from many flowers, vegetables, and fruits. β-Ionone is an intriguing lead molecule from which several derivatives have been generated and exhibiting a variety of biological effects. Here, we investigated the β-Ionones’ antioxidant, anti-cholinesterases (AChE and BChE), anti-α-amylase, anti-α-glucosidase, and anti-tyrosinase activities. The antibacterial and antifungal effects were also studied. Moreover, in silico studies using molecular docking were carried out to understand the obtained results. The antioxidant activity performed by six different assays including phosphomolybdenum, CUPRAC, FRAP, DPPH, ABTS and metal chelating assay showed that β-Ionone exhibits a promising antioxidant activity. Besides, a good inhibition of AChE and BChE, as well as α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase was obtained. Molecular docking evidenced that β-Ionone correctly occupied the active site of the five studied enzymes through various kind of interactions which corroborate the in vitro outcomes. Moreover, in silico ADMET assessment showed that β-Ionone presented a good ADMET profile. Gram positive bacteria, specifically S. aureus (DIZ = 25 ± 1.5 mm; MIC = 6.25 mg/mL; CMB = 6.25 mg/mL) and B. cereus (DIZ = 21.5 ± 1 mm; MIC = 0.78 mg/mL; CMB = 0.78 mg/mL), showed greater susceptibility. Regarding Gram negative ones, P. aeruginosa exhibited also marked sensitivity (DIZ = 20.33 ± 1.5 mm; MIC = 12.5 mg/mL; CMB = 12.5 mg/mL). Additionally, β-Ionone can limit the growth of C. albicans (DIZ = 23 ± 1 mm; MIC = 1.56 mg/mL; CMB = 1.56 mg/mL). A bactericidal and fungicidal efficacy could be suggested as the MBC/MIC towards all the four inhibited pathogens was equal to 1. To sum up, data suggested that β-Ionone could have potential applications as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal compound, as well as a potential inhibitor of tyrosinase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and cholinesterases. Furthermore, it can serve as a lead chemical in the creation of a new semisynthetic drug intended in order to treat numerous illnesses, including diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and pigmentation disorders

Synthesis and Evaluation of Water-Soluble Antioxidants Derived from L-carnosine and Syringaldehyde (or Vanillin)

Polyphenols are well known for their health-related benefits, including antioxidant activities, but most of them are hydrophobic, decreasing their bioavailability. This study reports water-soluble trimeric antioxidants synthesized with L-carnosine and the hydrophobic ortho-methoxy-substituted phenolic unit, syringaldehyde or vanillin.In the DPPH assay, carnosine-syringaldehyde (7.5 μM) and carnosine-vanillin (19 μM) derivatives showed much lower IC50 values than ascorbic acid (27.5 μM) and sodium ascorbate (30.5 μM) standards. According to the AAPH assay, carnosine-syringaldehyde and carnosine-vanillin protect DNA at concentrations as low as 6.5 μM and 26 μM, respectively, while both sodium ascorbate and ascorbic acid protected until 52 μM. Another notable property of these antioxidants is they can protect DNA well against hydroxyl radicals, produced via the Fenton reaction: carnosine-syringaldehyde showed DNA protection at all tested concentrations (833−1.6 μM), but the protection was slightly weaker between 26−1.6 μM. Carnosine-vanillin showed strong protection in the 833−104 μM range and some protection between 52−3.2 μM. Conversely, both sodium ascorbate and ascorbic acid did not protect DNA at any test concentration. In the pro-oxidant potential assessments, the synthesized antioxidants did not show any pro-oxidant effects at all concentrations, whereas sodium ascorbate showed severe pro-oxidant effects between 833−13 μM and ascorbic acid, 833−52 μM.Our study stresses the importance of ortho-methoxy group(s) for antioxidants as its electron-donating nature contributes to enhancing antioxidant activities, while steric bulk eliminates pro-oxidant effects by preventing the effective binding of transition metal ions to the phenolic hydroxyl group. The hydrophobicity of hindered phenols can be overcome if attached to a water-soluble scaffold.

Antioxidant activity evaluation of the combination of oregano (Origanum vulgare) and laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oil as two natural “chain-breaking” antioxidants by direct measurement of sunflower oil oxidation

Antioxidants are commonly used to reduce oxidative damage in lipids, and essential oils offer natural alternatives with antioxidant properties. This research seeks to determine the antioxidant efficiency of the combination of laurel (laurus nobilis) and oregano (origanum vulgare) essential oils exhibiting a chain-breaking mechanism. To this end, an accelerated oxidation of sunflower vegetable oil was carried out at 60 °C for 28 days, in combination with concentrations of 0.05% w/w (1) and 0.02% w/w (2) of the essential oils. BHT at 0.02% w/w was used as a reference antioxidant. The chemical indicators of oxidation (dienes conjugated, peroxides, anisidine and TOTOX values) and volatiles (2-heptenal Z, 2,4-Decadienal EZ and EE) were determined. While no substantial differences were found between the studied concentrations of the essential oils, a decrease in the protective effect was observed when the concentration of laurel was increased. Interestingly, the antioxidant effect of both oregano and laurel essential oils was observed to be similar to that of BHT. The results suggest that the combination of these essential oils with chain-breaking antioxidant mechanisms might be used as an antioxidant in food.

Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Aegle marmelos and Its Validation in an In-Vitro Cell Model.

Persistent hyperglycemia significantly increases oxidative stress and inflammation resulting in multiple cellular and molecular alterations which further exacerbate the diabetes associated complications.Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêais a medicinal plant used in the Indian system of medicine for treating various disorders including diabetes. However, studies on phytoconstituents and their pharmacological activity of this plant are limited. Therefore, we aimed to determine the phytochemical components, evaluate the antidiabetic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and antioxidant activity ofA. marmelosleaf extract, and validate its mechanistic effects in an in vitro cell model. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the different phytoconstituents in the extract was determined using standardized protocols. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by 2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The antidiabetic activity of the extract was evaluated by α-amylase inhibition and α-glucosidase inhibition assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied using an albumin denaturation assay. In addition, the pharmacological effect(s) of leaf extract was checked in the normal rat kidney fibroblast cells (NRK-49F) under high glucose conditions. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured by fluorometry using fluorescence probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA). mRNA expression of inflammatory markers including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was studied using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell migration was studied using cell scratch assay. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism version 8.0. The phytochemical analysis ofA. marmelosleaf extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and saponins. The extract showed higher antioxidant activity in the DPPH (IC50=258.21 µg/mL) and FRAP assay (IC50=293.83 µg/mL). The extract exhibited prominent antidiabetic activity by inhibiting enzymes α-Amylase (IC50=73.2 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50=43.9 µg/mL). In addition, the extract showed effective anti-inflammatory activity by significantly inhibiting the denaturation of egg albumin (IC50=102.8 µg/mL). Further, the leaf extract significantly decreased the high glucose-induced ROS generation as well as inflammatory markers in rat fibroblast cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, high glucose-induced cell migration as the measure of cell injury was effectively reduced by the extract treatment. A. marmelosleafextract was quantified to possess a substantial amount of important phytoconstituents that have promising pharmacological properties. Besides showing antidiabetic activity, the extract significantly combats the high glucose-induced ROS generation, inflammatory markers expressions, and cell migration. Further, in-depth studies and clinical trials are warranted so as to position these traditional remedies for the treatment of metabolic disorders.

Anticancer, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Cr (III) and Rh(III) Complexes Derived from A New Mannich Base

The Mannich base ligand was synthesized in an ethanol medium through a condensation reaction of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole and ciprofloxacin at room temperature. Subsequently, several metal complexes of this ligand were prepared. To characterize both the base ligand and the metal complexes, various techniques were employed, including elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, molar conductivity measurements, magnetic moment determination, and melting point analysis. The results were shown that the metal complexes formed have the formula [Cr(L)2Cl2] Cl.H2O and [Rh(L)2(H2O)2] Cl3.H2O, where L= mannich base ligand. Based on spectroscopic analytical, coordination with metal ions involves the 'N' donor atom of mannich base and 'N' atom of piprizaing ring, and two complexes are A six-coordinated octahedral structure is suggested. Molar conductivity of these complexes showed that they were electrolytic in nature. In this study, the anticancer and antioxidant potential of the Mannich base ligand and its metal complexes were investigated against MDA-MB-231 cell lines and using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Moreover, the in vitro efficacy of the ligand and its complexes against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), as well as the fungal strain Candida albicans, was evaluated using the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that Cr (III) and Rh(III) complexes demonstrated the highest levels of cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cell lines, enhances antioxidant and antimicrobial activity more than the free ligand. These findings suggest that these metal complexes may have promising applications in the development of novel anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Glycemic Characteristics of Aged Lemon Peel Induced by Three Thermal Browning Models: Hot-Air Drying, High Temperature and Humidity, and Steam-Drying Cycle.

This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-glycemic properties of black lemon Chenpi (BLC) (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. cv. Eureka), processed using three thermal browning models-hot-air drying (HAL), high temperature and humidity, and steam-drying cycle (SCL)-and compared them to fresh lemon peel and commercial Chenpi. The moisture-assisted aging technology (MAAT) is an environmentally friendly process for inducing browning reactions in the lemon peel, enhancing its functional properties. Our results demonstrated significant increases in sucrose, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacities (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl: 12.86 Trolox/g dry weight; ferric reducing antioxidant power: 14.92 mg Trolox/g dry weight) with the MAAT-HAL model. The MAAT-SCL model significantly improved the browning degree, fructose, total polyphenol content, narirutin, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural synthesis (p < 0.05). Additionally, aged lemon peel exhibited potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (28.28%), suggesting its role in blood sugar regulation after meals. The multivariate analysis (principal component and heatmap analyses) indicated that BLC processed using the MAAT-SCL model exhibited similarities to commercial Chenpi, indicating its potential for functional food development. Our results indicate that MAAT-SCL can enhance the economic value of lemon by-products, offering a sustainable and functional alternative to traditional Chenpi.

Evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity in kombucha fermented tea

Evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity in kombucha fermented tea

QBD approach for green synthesis of Rutin silver nanoparticles- screening for antioxidant, anticancer and anticlastogenic potential

Rutin is a flavonoid glycoside abundant in many plants exhibiting pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Plant biomarkers suffer low bioavailability and solubility that lack clinical effectiveness. The smart nanoparticles conversion addresses this limitation with optimal particle size and targeted drug delivery. The present study involves QbD approach for formulation of Rutin silver nanoparticles and evaluation of antioxidant, anticancer and anticlastogenic potential. QbD experimentation involved particle size and drug release as dependent variables over the silver nitrate concentration, methanol and sonication time as independent variables devising 15 formulations (F1 –F15). F12 formulation was found to be optimized with 126.3 nm average size, stable and dispersible characterized by UV, FTIR, SEM and DLS studies. The calibration curve of Rutin was plotted at 352 nm with linearity (LOD = 0.061 μg/ml and LOQ = 0.187 μg/ml). The invitro drug release studies by USP dissolution apparatus I (Basket type) proved the sustained release characteristics with 97.3 % drug release when compared to the Rutin. The pharmacological screening for potential antioxidant and anticancer activity on G361 and MCF 7 cell line of F12 formulation have shown promising results and also enhanced solubility in water compared to Rutin. Anticalstogenic potential as a function of induced micronuclei frequency was evaluated as a characteristic feature in bone marrow cells obtained from mice. Results indicate pre-treatment with the F12 reduced frequency of micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells caused by Cyclophosphamide (CP) significantly. The protective effect of F12 in suppression was demonstrated at both dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg. Thus the findings suggest the novel Rutin silver nanoparticles as lead drug serving as antioxidant, anticancer and anticlastogenic agent.

NMR-based metabolic profiling and antioxidant activity of Eleutherine bulbosa bulb ethanol extract

The metabolite profile of the ethanol extract from Eleutherine bulbosa was assessed using the 1D NMR approach amalgamated with 2D NMR. E. bulbosa, an indigenous plant found in Indonesia, possesses considerable promise as a raw material for medicinal products. We examined the antioxidant capacity of the E. bulbosa extract using DPPH and ABTS methods. The antioxidant evaluation demonstrated that the ethanol extract exhibits strong antioxidant properties. Furthermore, we have successfully identified thirteen metabolites in the ethanol extract without separation. These metabolites include eleutherol A, eleutherol B, eleutherol C, eleuthione B, eleuthione C, hongconin, karwinaphthol, isoeleuthoside C, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, isoeleutherin, cyanidin-3-o-β-glucopyranoside, and kadsuric acid. Metabolite Cyanidin-3-o-β-glucopyranoside (4.89 mM ± 0.02) was the highest metabolite contained in this extract. This result showed that NMR methods could detect and measure metabolites in the E. bulbosa ethanol extract without requiring separation.

Chemical Profile, Antibacterial Activity and Antioxidant Activity of Bark Volatile Oil of Terminalia arjuna.

Terminalia arjuna is an evergreen medicinal plant that belongs to the Combretaceae family of flowering plants. The bark of the plant exhibits antiviral, anticancer, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In this study, composition antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of bark oil of Terminalia arjuna(Roxb.) were reported. Oils were extracted by microwave assisted hydrodistillation where an oil yield of 0.18 % was obtained followed by the identification of 35 compounds by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The most abundant volatiles were furfural (11.11 %), isoeugenol (9.99 %), p-ethylguaiacol (9.97 %), α-cadinol (9.57 %), and estragole (9.47 %). The oil was further evaluated against ten different drug resistant strains where oil showed significant activity against all pathogens and the highest activity was found against Acinetobacter baumannii(22 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (22 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus(22 mm) in a concentration-dependent manner. Antioxidant activity evaluation demonstrated 68 % radical scavenging activity by the volatile oil as compared to 81 % of the standard, ascorbic acid at a concentration of 1000 μg. Cytotoxicity studies were conducted to see the effect of sample on the expression level of a housekeeping gene, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase where it did not affect the normal transcription of the gene.

Evaluation of antioxidant, catalytic and antidiabetic activity of Phaseolus vulgaris (French green bean) mediated nickel oxide and copper doped nickel oxide bimetallic nanoparticles

In this study, nickel oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and copper doped NiO bimetallic nanoparticles (Cu@NiO BMNPs) were synthesized using Phaseolus vulgaris extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents by sol gel methods. The chemical and physical properties of synthesized NiO NPs and Cu@NiO BMNPs were confirmed by various techniques, like UV Visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The optical properties of both NPs observed by UV–Vis analysis with well-defined peak and band gap value 3.2 eV & 2.62 eV. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional group of NPs with fruits extract. The morphology of NPs was confirmed by SEM and TEM analysis as polygonal, rod and spherical shape. The elements present in NPs were confirmed by EDX analysis. The crystalline size calculated based on the XRD analysis was 49.78 nm and 53.66 nm for NiO and Cu@ NiO NPs respectively which were found to be slightly smaller than particle size determined from SEM and TEM micrograph. Antioxidant activity of NPs was examined using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging radicals, Catalytic activities were screened by the degradation of Methylene blue (MB) and by the inhibition of alpha-amylase enzyme, antidiabetic activity of NPs were evaluated using acarbose as standard drug. The Cu@NiO BMNPs showed 77.60 % antioxidant, 76.98 % photocatalytic and 88.86 % antidiabetic activity, which were found to be more as compared to NiO NPs. The NiO and Cu@NiO BMNPs were synthesized for the first-time using P. vulgaris extracts. This study clearly showed that P. vulgaris extracts mediated mono- and bimetallic NPs were more stable and biocompatible than their respective bulk particles.

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-hyperlipidemic Effect of Tridax Procumbens L. Flower Extract by in Vitro Method

This study assessed the in vitro antioxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic properties of Tridax procumbens Linn methanolic and hydro alcoholic flower extract. The amount of antioxidant activity was measured using techniques including DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl) and nitric oxide. We analyzed the percentage of different free radicals that were scavenged using ascorbic acid, a common antioxidant. Using the TBARS assay and lipid peroxidation measurements, the extracts anti-hyperlipidemic potential was also assessed. Furthermore, the phytochemical analysis of the floral extracts that were methanolic and hydroalcoholic revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, triterpenes, alkaloids, glycosides, and tannins in substantial amounts. Significant antioxidant activity was found (P&lt;0.001) for DPPH scavenging at various flower extract doses. The methanolic extract's IC50 value and % inhibition were higher than hydro-alcoholic extracts.

In-Vitro evaluation of antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities in Mucuna pruriens seed extract

BackgroundMucuna pruriens var. utilis (Wall. ex Wight) belonging to the family Fabaceae. Renowned for its diverse array of phytochemicals, this plant has been historically employed in the treatment of various ailments. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of the optimized M. pruriens var. utilis seed extract.MethodsThe in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of M. pruriens var. utilis ethanolic extracts was scrutinized using the Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) method. To evaluate antioxidant activity, ABTS and DPPH assays were employed. Furthermore, the antidiabetic activity was assessed through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays.ResultsIn the ethanolic extract of M. pruriens var. utilis numerous phytoconstituents were found by doing a phytochemical analysis (alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, glycosides, tannins). The total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined to be 112.07 ± 1.21 mg of gallic acid equivalents GAE/g and 101.41 ± 1.08 mg of quercetin equivalents QE/g respectively. In this investigation ethanolic extract of M. pruriens var. utilis exhibited a high anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in a dose-dependent manner. The M. pruriens var. utilis extract shows that anti-inflammatory activity 32.26 ± 3.23%, potent antioxidant effect by ABTS radical scavenging assay IC50 67.46 ± 1.45 µg/mL and DPPH radical scavenging assay IC50 63.34 ± 2.27 µg/mL and in addition, showed promising antidiabetic potential by inhibiting α-amylase IC50 33.42 ± 1.35 µg/mL and α-glucosidase IC50 28.34 ± 1.41 µg/mL.ConclusionThese findings provide additional support for the traditional medicinal use of M. pruriens var. utilis in treating inflammation, oxidative stress, and diabetes mellitus.

Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of deodorizer distillate-derived silver nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a sustainable green approach utilizing deodorizer distillates of canola (CODD) and soybean oil (SODD) as both reducing and capping agents. This synthesis approach resulted in the formation of pale-yellow colored CODD-AgNPs and SODD-AgNPs, which was confirmed by distinctive absorption peaks at 420 nm and 408 nm, respectively via Ultraviolet-Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis provided insights into the functional group interactions between CODD and SODD with their AgNPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the face-centered cubic lattice structure of both CODD-AgNPs and SODD-AgNPs. Further characterization via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the sizes, shapes, and surface morphologies of CODD-AgNPs and SODD-AgNPs. Assessment of antioxidant activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method demonstrated superior radical scavenging efficacy by CODD-AgNPs (IC50 value 1.07±0.04 µg/mL) and SODD-AgNPs (IC50 value 1.14±0.23 µg/mL) compared to CODD and SODD. Evaluation of antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) via disc diffusion method revealed potent antibacterial activities of CODD-AgNPs and SODD-AgNPs at 100 µg/mL concentration, surpassing the antibacterial efficacy of CODD and SODD. Furthermore, CODD-AgNPs and SODD-AgNPs exhibited significant anti-inflammatory potential at 500 µg/mL concentration, with IC50 values of 187.2 ± 1.28 µg/mL and 203.9 ± 2.08 µg/mL, respectively, highlighting their potential therapeutic applications. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the effective utilization of CODD and SODD in synthesizing AgNPs with enhanced biological functionalities, making them promising candidates for various biomedical applications.

Extraction of polyphenols from Apocynum venetum leaves using customized deep eutectic solvents: Process optimization and antioxidant evaluation

To encourage the commercial utilization of A. venetum polyphenols as bio-colorant on textile, five different combinations of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were evaluated using a single-factor approach and the extraction of polyphenols from A. venetum leaves by ultrasound-assisted DESs was optimized. At the same time, the antioxidant activity of polyphenols prepared were investigated. The DESs composed of choline chloride and glycerol with a molar ratio of 1:2 and a water content of 20 % showed higher extraction performance than other DESs and traditional solvents (water, 60 % ethanol and 60 % methanol). With the most effective solvent the maximum yield 8.24 % of polyphenols was obtained under the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: the ratio of liquid volume (mL) to solid mass (g) is 49:1, extraction temperature of 77 ℃, and extraction time of 55 min. In addition, the polyphenols that have been separated and purified from the DESs extract exhibited antioxidant activities in three kinds of assays including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl stable free radical (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid free radicals (ABTS) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavenging activity. Therefore, this paper demonstrates that DESs are effective and environmentally friendly solvents extraction of antioxidant polyphenols pigments from the leaves of A. venetum.

Chemical and green synthesized Co/Ni-doped hematite nanoparticles for enhancing the photocatalytic and antioxidant properties

This research focuses on developing environmentally friendly and economically viable Co/Ni-doped hematite nanoparticles (HNPs) through both chemical and green synthesis methods and evaluated their potential for biomedical and environmental applications. The chemical synthesis employs polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), while the green approach utilizes Azadirachta indica (A. indica) leaf extract as a stabilizing agent. Co/Ni-doped HNPs are crystalline size ranging from 14 to 21 nm, morphology analysis revealed that the NPs exhibited a quasi-spherical, with an average particle size ranging from 15.98 to 25.91 nm, and dopants confirmed to contain by the XPS spectra. VSM study explains magnetic parameters, coactivity, residual magnetism, and magnetization. A. indica plants contain quinones, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Characterization of the nanoparticles reveals optimized Co/Ni-doped HNPs with enhanced photocatalytic activity. These nanoparticles exhibit a remarkable 93%–95% degradation of UV-reactive dyes (methyl orange and methylene blue) within 90 min, attributed to structural and surface modifications that improve light absorption and enhance charge separation. The study concludes that green-synthesized Co/Ni-doped HNPs outperform chemically synthesized counterparts as superior photocatalysts. Additionally, antioxidant evaluations using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) assays suggest significant antioxidant capabilities. A high scavenging activity percentage, ranging from 83% to 88%, was observed, which increased with higher concentrations of the synthesized Co/Ni-doped HNPs making these nanoparticles suitable for biomedical and environmental applications that require a magnetic system. In this study, the IC50 values for the antioxidant activity of chemically and green synthesized Co/Ni-doped hematite nanoparticles against the DPPH/NO assay were calculated to be 18.33 μg ml−1 and 16.09 μg ml−1, respectively. The research highlights the multifunctional properties of Co/Ni-doped HNPs, addressing the demand for tailored inorganic magnetic nanoparticles with minimal ecological impact.

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of a Medicinal Plant Recipe from Burkina Faso

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Background:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are crucial factors in the development of various diseases, such as hepatitis and cancer. In the case of hepatitis, persistent inflammation of the liver contributes to cellular damage and progression to more severe stages of the disease. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Objective:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of a recipe, &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Hepatib tiben,&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; traditionally used in the treatment of viral hepatitis B, and often associated with &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Momordica charantia&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; in the treatment of liver cancer in Burkina Faso. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Material and Methods:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; The recipe and associated plants were infused, macerated and the yields were evaluated and being freeze-dried. The extracts obtained were used to determine the total content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds by measuring the antioxidant activity through the FRAP, DPPH and ABTS methods and then the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties by inhibition of 15-LOX and COX 1 &amp; 2. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Results: &amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;The aqueous infusion of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Hepatib tiben&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; had the best yield, the highest content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, an antioxidant activity comparable to that of Rutin, by the FRAP method, DPPH and ABTS method. But the best antioxidant activity by FRAP method was observed with the DCM fraction. It is on the other hand the hydroalcoholic extract which had the best anti-inflammatory activity by the inhibition of the 15-LOX. Both Aqueous and Hydroalcoholic Extracts inhibited COX 1 &amp; 2. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Momortica charantia&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; had high phenolic content and significant antioxidant activity by FRAP, DPPH and ABTS methods. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Conclusion:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; These observations suggest that the recipe of traditional medicinal plants used in Burkina Faso could be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory conditions and oxidative stress. Further studies are needed to identify the active compounds responsible for these activities and to assess their safety and clinical effectiveness.

Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Oil and Pulp without Açaí Fat (Euterpe oleracea) Obtained by Supercritical Extraction.

For bioactivity studies, it is necessary to use products with a high degree of purity, which may influence the cytotoxic effects. Supercritical technology presents itself as an alternative to obtain these products. Therefore, the objective of this work was to obtain the bioactive compounds of oil and pulp of açaí fat-free supercritical technology and evaluate the cytotoxicity of products in MRC-5 and VERO cells in vitro. The açaí pulp was subjected to extraction with supercritical CO2 to obtain the oil and pulp without fat, under conditions of 323.15 K at 35 MPa, 333.15 K at 42 MPa, and 343.15 K at 49 MPa. The largest yields (51.74%), carotenoids (277.09 µg/g), DPPH (2.55 μmol TE/g), ABTS (2.60 μmol TE/g), and FRAP (15.25 μm of SF/g) of oil and ABTS (644.23 μmol TE/g) of pulp without fat were found in the condition 343.15 K at 49 MPa. The highest levels of compounds phenolics (150.20 mg GAE/g), DPPH (414.99 μmol TE/g), and FRAP (746.2 μm SF/g) of the pulp without fat were found in the condition of 323.15 K to 35 MPa. The fat-free pulp presented high levels of anthocyanins without significant variation in cytotoxicity. The developed process was efficient in obtaining oil rich in carotenoids, and the supercritical technology elucidated an efficient way to obtain açaí fat-free pulp.

Probiotic set yogurt infused with orange pulp: A multifaceted evaluation of nutritional, antioxidant, and physical attributes.

Fortification of yogurt with orange pulp tends to increase its protein network strength resulting in reduced syneresis. The aim of the current study was to prepare set-type orange yogurt with cow milk, skim milk powder, guar gum, and orange pulp at 0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0% concentrations, respectively. The changes in proximate, total soluble solid, antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid, and syneresis were assessed. Yogurt was stored for consecutive three weeks during that duration all attributes were evaluated weekly. Set-type orange pulp incorporated yogurt significantly increased the fat (3.91% to 4.9%), protein (3.90% to 3.94%), moisture (84% to 84.80%), total soluble solids (16.01% to 18.51%), ascorbic acid (16.99% to 20.43%), and syneresis (28.90% to 29.94%), respectively. Overall results indicate that 4% orange pulp-enriched set-type yogurt presented more stable parameters as compared to other formulas.