Antioxidant Enzymes In Patients Research Articles

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Is Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence, Independent of Folate and Glutathione-Related Antioxidant Enzymes: A Follow-up Study

The associations of tumor angiogenesis with folate and antioxidant capacities in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their effects on HCC recurrence have not yet been investigated. We investigate changes and relationships of VEGF, folate, GSH, and GSH-related antioxidant enzymes in patients with HCC before tumor resection, as well as 1 month, 1 year, and 3 years after tumor resection, and their effects on HCC recurrence. 95 HCC patients who underwent tumor resection were recruited. Patients were followed up before tumor resection (pre-resection), 1 month after tumor resection (post-resection), 1 year, and 3 years of follow-up. The recurrence and survival statuses of the patients were evaluated. Plasma VEGF concentrations decreased slightly during follow-up. Serum folate and GSH concentrations and plasma GPx and GR activities increased significantly from pre-resection to post-resection and remained stable at follow-up. Pre-resection plasma VEGF was positively correlated with GSH, GPx, and GR, but negatively correlated with folate and GST. The high pre-resection plasma VEGF was a significant predictor of a high HCC rate (hazard ratio = 1.05, p = 0.035), remaining significant after adjustments for folate, GSH, GPx, GR, and GST to diminish their interference with VEGF. Pre-tumor-resection plasma VEGF constitutes a potential independent marker for predicting HCC recurrence. However, the associations of plasma VEGF with folate and GSH-related antioxidant capacities in HCC patients cannot be ignored.

Effect of the treatment stage on the serum levels of selected cytokines and antioxidant enzymes in patients with tumors of the reproductive organs.

Chronic inflammation along with concomitant oxidative stress contributes to an increased risk of cancer development. The aim of this study was to analyze selected cytokines and antioxidant enzymes in patients with ovarian and endometrial cancers, taking into account the stage of oncological treatment. The study sample included 52 female patients with advanced endometrial cancer (n = 26.50%) and ovarian cancer (n = 26.50%), undergoing chemotherapy. Long-term observation at four time points was used in the subjects. Each of the women was blood sampled several times (before surgery, and then before the first, third, and sixth cycle of chemotherapy) in order to determine serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant enzymes. The levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1α, IL-4 differed significantly depending on the stage of therapy and the type of cancer. The serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in patients with ovarian cancer were statistically significantly higher than those observed in patients with endometrial cancer. The activity of the tested antioxidant enzymes varied depending on the chemotherapy cycle. Their highest activity in most cases was observed before the third cycle of chemotherapy, and it decreased before the sixth cycle, irrespective of the type of cancer. In the studied group of patients with ovarian and endometrial cancer, the applied chemotherapy significantly changed the concentration and activity of some interleukins and antioxidant enzymes. The type of tumor determined the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 before the treatment. Evaluation of inflammatory parameters and oxidative stress in women with cancer of the reproductive organ may help to understand physiological changes resulting from the applied therapy.

The dynamics of indicators of peroxide metabolism in patients with cicatricial skin deformations in combination with metabolic syndrome in complex use of physiotherapeutic treatment methods and drinking mineral waters

The article analyzes the role of lipid peroxidation processes in the pathogenesis of cicatricial skin changes, including in patients with metabolic syndrome. Baseline indices of LPO processes and antioxidant enzymes in patients with metabolic syndrome indicate the development of oxidative stress and accumulation of cytotoxic carbonyl products. The course use of a combination of fermenkol phonophoresis, fractional photothermolysis and mineral water «Essentuki №17» in patients with cicatricial changes in the skin and metabolic syndrome is accompanied by a decrease in the severity of insulin resistance and lipid peroxidation processes. The use of a complex of physiotherapeutic factors and drinking mineral water contributes to an increase in the coefficient of antioxidant protection by 54%. The revealed dynamics of the assessed parameters is realized due to the elimination of molecular inhibitors of antioxidant enzymes in conditions of an increase in the receptor sensitivity of tissues to insulin and a decrease in the level of glycemia. The manifestation of antioxidant activity in the combined use of physiotherapeutic methods and mineral waters for drinking purposes allows this technology to be considered as an effective means of pathogenetic therapy of cicatricial deformities of the skin in combination with metabolic syndrome.

Gene expression evaluation of antioxidant enzymes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: RT-qPCR and bioinformatic analyses.

Any condition leading to chronic liver disease is a potential oncogenic agent for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Alterations in the expression of antioxidant enzymes could alter the redox balance. Our aim was to evaluate the expression of the genes GPX1, GPX4, SEP15, SELENOP, SOD1, SOD2, GSR, CAT, and NFE2L2 in patients with HCC. Differential gene expression analysis was performed using RNA-Seq data from the TCGA and GTEx databases, and RT-qPCR data from HCC patient samples. Bioinformatic analysis revealed significant differential expression in most genes. GPX4 expression was significantly increased (p=0.02), while SOD2 expression was significantly decreased (p=0.04) in experimental data. In TCGA samples, alpha-fetoprotein levels (mg/dL) were negatively correlated with the expression of SEP15 (p<0.001), SELENOP (p<0.001), SOD1 (p<0.001), SOD2 (p<0.001), CAT (p<0.001), and NFE2L2 (p=0.004). Alpha-fetoprotein levels were positively correlated with the expression of GPX4 (p=0.02) and SELENOP (p=0.01) in the experimental data. Low expression of GPX1 (p=0.006), GPX4 (p=0.01), SELENOP (p=0.006), SOD1 (p=0.007), CAT (p<0.001), and NFE2L2 (p<0.001), and higher levels of GSR, were associated with low overall survival at 12 months. These results suggest a significant role for these antioxidant enzymes in HCC pathogenesis and severity.

Increased mitochondrial and cytosolic antioxidant enzymes in manic episodes

Background and objectivesAn increasing number of studies have been conducted to investigate the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of our study was to detect the levels of plasma malondialdehyde and the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in BD patients during manic period and to assess the changes of these markers during the subsequent remission period. MethodsThis study involved 20 drug-free, hospitalized patients with BD type I who met the manic episode diagnostic criteria according to DSM-5, as well as 20 age-sex matched healthy controls. As a marker of lipid damage, malondialdehyde plasma levels were measured by the thiobarbituric acid method; mRNA expression levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione synthetase (GS), superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) were measured by real-time quantitative PCR from peripheral whole blood samples. ResultsIn a manic episode, the expression levels of CAT, GPx, GS and SOD2 were higher in the patients than the healthy controls. With treatment, only the GPx levels decreased significantly. The malondialdehyde and SOD1 levels did not differ between the patients and controls, and in the patient group, they did not differ between the mania and remission periods. ConclusionThis is the first study that has assessed the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzymes in patients with BD type I. The data from this study suggests that there is an increase in the expression of antioxidant enzymes as a response to oxidative stress in BD, and that the gene expression levels of these antioxidant enzymes could be potential biomarkers for manic phase of the disorder.

Abstract P064: The Activity Of Antioxidant Enzymes In Patients With Arterial Hypertension, Depending On The Environmental Comfort Of Life

Oxidative stress is known as one of the mechanisms for the development of endothelial dysfunction. Prooxidants and antioxidants are usually produced in humans, and there is a balance between production and disposal. When the balance between oxidizing agents and antioxidants is disturbed, oxidative stress occurs. Purpose: assessment of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in patients with arterial hypertension, depending on the environmental comfort of life. Materials and methods: Fifty-six patients from a random stratified sample of city residents by age and gender were examined. To determine the relationship between hypertension and environmental comfort, all subjects, depending on the ecological comfort of life, were divided into groups that were formed based on the “Map of the ecological comfort of life in the city of Rostov-on-Don”, developed by V.V. Privalenko. The age of the subjects ranged from 25 to 64 years, with an average value of 46.79 ± 0.63 years: group Ia - 14 healthy subjects and group IIa - 12 patients with hypertension living in ecologically clean areas; group Ib - 16 healthy subjects and group IIb - 14 patients with hypertension living in ecologically unfavorable regions. First-line protective antioxidants: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were evaluated in patients' blood plasma. Statistical data processing is carried out using the program Statistica 6.0. Results: The maximum activity of GPX (347.04 ± 11.39) was recorded in healthy people living in areas with an ecologically unfavorable environment. CAT levels were also higher in healthy people living in areas with an unfavorable environment (p&lt;0.05). Minimal GPX activity was found in patients with arterial hypertension (265.85 ± 12.46) who also live in ecologically unfavorable areas (p&lt;0.05). Differences in GPX activity in healthy people and hypertensive patients living in ecologically polluted areas were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). Results: The activity of antioxidant enzymes in healthy people living in environmentally disadvantaged areas is increasing. With the development of arterial hypertension, we observed an insufficient antioxidant response, which reflects the depletion of the antioxidant system's capabilities.

Effect of levetiracetam drug on antioxidant and liver enzymes in epileptic patients: case-control study.

There is a limited amount of data regarding levetiracetam (LEV), an antiepileptic drug. This study was conducted to assess the effect of LEV on antioxidant status and liver enzymes. In this case-control study, 33 epileptic patients under treatment with LEV for at least 6 months were compared with 35 healthy subjects. We measured serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), salivary superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanine aminoteransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminoteransferase (AST) levels in both groups. Dietary intakes were collected using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The level of TAC in the healthy subjects was significantly higher than it was in the patients (P=0.02), but the mean of ALT (P=0.02) and AST (P=0.03) was significantly higher in the patients in comparison with the controls. Mean salivary SOD showed no difference between the two groups. In the patients, the duration of drug use was inversely correlated with serum TAC (p=0.04) and had a direct correlation with ALT (p=0.01) and AST (p=0.03.). The results of our study indicated that LEV increased liver enzymes Also, treatment with this drug did not improve oxidative stress, but this could be due to the different in the dietary antioxidant intake. Routine screening of the liver and antioxidant enzymes in patients with chronic use of LEV is recommended.

Correlation of lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide metabolites, trace elements, and antioxidant enzymes in patients with sickle cell disease.

BackgroundLipid peroxidation plays a very important role in sickle cell pathophysiology. The formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) may lead to endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) is a known vasodilator which plays a role in endothelial function. The current study determined the association between MDA and NO metabolites (NOx), trace elements, and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) in patients with SCD. The ratio of MDA/NOx was also determined as an index of oxidative stress in the study groups.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study involving 90 patients with SCD and 50 “healthy” controls. Blood samples (n = 140) were collected from the study groups. The plasma, sera, and red cells were kept at −20°C for biochemical analyses. Hemoglobin (Hb) and NOx levels were determined in the plasma using Labsystem Multiskan MS and Griess reagent system, respectively. Super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were determined in the red cells using assay kits from Cayman chemicals. Lipid peroxidation biomarker MDA was determined in the sera using the TBARS assay. Levels of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were also determined in the sera using Variant 240FS. MDA and NOx ratio was computed for the study groups and compared.ResultsLevels of Hb, NOx, SOD, CAT, and Zn were significantly lower in the patients with SCD (P < .001). MDA, Fe, and MDA/ NOx ratio were, however, significantly higher in the patients with SCD (P < .001). There was no significant correlation between MDA and NOx, SOD, CAT, Fe, and Zn in the study groups. MDA, however, correlated positively and significantly with Cu in the HbSS patients with vaso‐occlusive crises (VOC). Gender did not affect the levels of oxidative stress markers.ConclusionsFindings from this study suggest a link between lipid peroxidation and Cu in HbSS patients with VOC. Increased MDA/NOx ratio may contribute to sickle cell pathophysiology by promoting oxidative stress.

Inflammatory and antioxidant pathway dysfunction in borderline personality disorder

IntroductionThis study investigates the alteration of the inflammatory/oxidative pathway in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and its relationship with clinical features of the disorder. Methods49 BPD patients and 33 healthy control subjects were studied. Plasma levels of TBARS, nitrites, and the antioxidant enzymes CAT, GPx and SOD were measured. In addition, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained to investigate levels of intracellular components of the inflammatory/oxidative pathway including the IκBα, NFκB, iNOS, COX2, Keap1, NQO1, and HO1. Western Blot and ELISA were used to measure protein expression. Patients were assessed for different clinical dimensions of BPD with scales for depression, anxiety, impulsivity and functioning. ResultsA significant decrease of IκBα levels and a significant increase of inflammatory factors, including NFκB, COX2 and iNOS levels were found in patients. On the other hand, a significant decrease was observed for all antioxidant enzymes in patients with BPD, except for HO1. The inflammatory factor NFκB showed a significant positive correlation with impulsivity scores. ConclusionsPatients with BPD presented an increased activation of several components of the inflammatory pathways, as well as an inhibition of the antioxidant path. These alterations appear partially correlated with the impulsivity scores in these patients.

In Vivo Effects of Nonselective, Partially Selective, and Selective Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzymes in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Clinical Study.

Background:The relationship between oxidative stress, decreased antioxidant status, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been widely investigated. To date, few clinical studies have assessed the role of conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the modulation of oxidative stress in patients with RA.Aim:The aim of this study was to compare the effects of nonselective, partially selective, and selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors on markers of oxidative stress in patients with RA.Materials and Methods:Thirty RA patients were enrolled in this open label, prospective study for 12 weeks and randomly assigned to either group receiving diclofenac 100 mg, meloxicam 15 mg, or celecoxib 200 mg daily (n = 10 in each group). Patients were evaluated for superoxide dismutase (SOD) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) as oxidative markers at the baseline and at the end of 12 weeks. Various parameters for efficacy were also assessed.Results:The baseline values of the SOD enzyme were significantly lower and MDA values were significantly elevated in patients randomized to the three treatment groups as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). MDA level was significantly decreased in patients across all the treatment groups (P < 0.05) after 12 weeks. There was an improvement in mean SOD enzyme levels at the end of 12 weeks; the difference for SOD was significant as compared to the baseline in the meloxicam group only (P < 0.05) but not in diclofenac- and celecoxib-treated patients. Significant improvement was observed in all the treatment groups as regards patient assessment of pain visual analog scale, tender and swollen joint count, and patient global assessment.Conclusions:Diclofenac, meloxicam, and celecoxib carry antioxidant effects to a variable extent. NSAID possesses additional mechanism independent of COX inhibition which modulates oxidative stress.

Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in Patients with Uterine Polyp, Myoma, Hyperplasia, and Adenocarcinoma.

We previously found that compared to patients with benign uterine diseases (polyps, myomas), patients with premalignant (hyperplasia simplex and complex) and malignant (adenocarcinoma) lesions had enhanced lipid peroxidation and altered uterine antioxidant enzyme (AOE) activities. To further elucidate the mechanism of the observed changes, we examined protein and mRNA levels of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and transcription factor Nrf2. We also examined correlations of AOE expression with AOE activity, lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) level, and level of Nrf2. Our results showed decreased CuZnSOD, CAT, and Nrf2 levels, and increased GPx and GR levels in hyperplasias, while in patients with adenocarcinoma, the level of CAT was decreased and GR was increased, compared to benign groups. Similar changes in mRNA levels were also detected, indicating predominantly translational control of the AOE expression. The positive correlation of enzyme expression/activity was recorded for CuZnSOD, GPx, and GR, but only among groups with benign diseases. Only GR and GPx expressions were positively correlated with LOOH. Nrf2 protein was positively correlated with mRNA levels of CuZnSOD and GR. Observed results indicate involvement of diverse redox mechanisms in etiopathogenesis of different gynecological diseases, and may improve redox-based approaches in current clinical practice.

Association between dietary intake of some antioxidant micronutrients with some inflammatory and antioxidant markers in active Rheumatoid Arthritis patients.

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease. Antioxidants intake and body antioxidants status are important in patients with RA. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary intake of some antioxidant micronutrients with some inflammatory and antioxidant markers in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and comparison with Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, eighty-seven patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were included. Dietary antioxidants intake was measured using 24-hour recall questionnaire and food record (3 days). Blood levels of inflammatory and antioxidant markers were determined by laboratory tests. The association between intake of antioxidants with inflammatory and antioxidant markers, and also with RDA were determined using Paired-Samples t-test and Pearson correlation by SPSS software. Results: The findings showed that intakes of vitamin E, zinc, and magnesium in patients were significantly lower and intakes of copper and selenium were significantly higher than RDA (P<0.05). Significant negative correlations were observed between vitamin A intake with PGE2 [R=-0.31], vitamin C intake with IL-1β [R=-0.25], zinc intake with PGE2 [R=-0.30], IL-2 [R=-0.23], and the activity of glutathione reductase enzyme [R=-0.21], magnesium intake with PGE2 [R=-0.24], IL-1β [R=-0.23] and IL-2 [R=-0.25], and selenium intake with PGE2 [R=-0.21] (P<0.05). Also, significant positive correlations were observed between intakes of vitamin E and copper with catalase enzyme activity [R=0.22 and R=0.21 respectively] (P<0.05). Conclusion: Some of the antioxidant micronutrients play important roles in the reduction of inflammatory conditions and improve the function of antioxidant enzymes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Serum Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Senile Cataract and Healthy Controls.

To investigate the role of oxidative stress in patients with senile cataract. Case-control study. North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran, from 2014 to 2015. Non-randomised sampling was conducted on 74 patients with senile cataract and 79 healthy people. The oxidative stress level, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes were measured in serum. The results were analysed using SPSS software and followed by t-test analysis. P<0.05 was considered to be significant. The median activity of GPx and SOD antioxidant enzymes in patients with cataract, was higher than healthy people (p=0.018 and p<0.0001, respectively). Peroxide-antioxidant (PAB) levels in patients with cataract was significantly higher than in healthy people (p<0.0001). This study showed that despite the high level of oxidative stress in patients, the activity rate of GPx and SOD enzymes also increased.

T17. OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS AND NEGATIVE DIMENSION IN THE FIRST TEN YEARS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA: A 1-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY

BackgroundSeveral studies have documented changes in oxidative parameters and antioxidant enzymes in patients with schizophrenia (1, 2). However, their relation to negative symptoms and the longitudinal clinical course is still unclear.The objectives of the present study are to: 1) analyze the association between oxidative stress biomarkers and negative dimension; 2) identify if these biomarkers could predict clinical outcomes in stable patients with schizophrenia at 1-year follow-up.MethodsA 1-year follow-up study of 57 stable outpatients with schizophrenia (≤10 years of illness) (mean age=31.5 ± 6.5; 63.2% males).AssessmentPANSS, Clinical Assessment Interview of Negative Symptoms (CAINS) -Motivation/Pleasure (MAP) & Expression (EXP) domains-, Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS). Oxidative stress biomarkers: homocysteine, hemolysis test (% hemolysis), lipid peroxidation subproducts (LPO), catalase activity in erythrocytes (CAT).Pearson correlations were performed to determine associations between biomarkers and clinical scores at baseline, and they were included in stepwise multiple linear regression analyses, considering potential confounding factors.The clinical course for each psychopathological domain was determined using the formula: [follow-up-baseline scores]. Positive values were interpreted as worsening, while negative improvement. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine if baseline levels of oxidative stress parameters were predictors of clinical changes at follow-up.Results1) Baseline associations: Final regression models identified that LPO level was a significant predictor of lower scores in PANSS-N, BNSS total, Avolition and Blunted Affect subscale of BNSS and CAINS-EXP (β= -0.408; -0.290, -0.254, -0.296, -0.247, respectively).2) Longitudinal course: At 1-year follow-up, patients only improved significantly (p<0.05) in PANSS-Total [59.4 ± 16.4 - 54.5 ± 16.0 (t=3.362)], PANSS-General [29.7 ± 8.9 - 26.9 ± 7.9 (t=3.362)], Blunted Affect subscale [6.9 ± 5.0 - 5.9 ± 4.7 (t=2.489)], and almost significant (p<0.069) in CAINS-EXP and BNSS total score. No significant changes in BMI, waist circumference, smoking or antipsychotic equivalent doses were detected, but they were also considered in regression analyses. A higher percentage of hemolysis at baseline, with a decrease in equivalent doses of antipsychotics, both significantly predict an improvement in scores of PANSS-N (R2=0.140, F=7.166), BNSS (R2=0.246, F=6.193) and CAINS-EXP (R2=0.186, F=5.259).DiscussionLower concentrations of LPO were related to greater severity of negative symptoms as avolition and blunted affect (inner world). Longitudinal analyses showed that higher % of hemolysis at baseline predict an improvement of negative dimension at 1-year follow-up. From our results, we hypothesize that there is an inverse relationship between oxidative stress and negative dimension in stable patients with schizophrenia during the first ten years of illness.

Impact of hyperbaric oxygenation on oxidative stress in diabetic patients

Taking into consideration that a high concentration of oxygen can express toxic effects due to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the aim of our investigation was to establish the influence of hyperbaric oxygenation on oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzymes in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2. Investigation included 50 patients with DM type 2 divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 25 patients, mean age 70 years, mean duration of illness 12 years and without manifest peripheral vascular complications (Wagner 0). The second group consisted of 25 patients, mean age 74 years, mean duration of illness 17 years and with manifest peripheral vascular complications (Wagner 1-5). All patients underwent the same therapeutic protocol, which included 10 hyperbaric oxygenation therapies, once a day for a duration of 60 minutes, with an average partial oxygen pressure of 1.7 atmospheres absolute (ATA). In blood samples the following parameters of redox balance were determined: levels of nitrites (NO₂-), index of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), superoxide anion radical (O₂-), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Our results clearly show that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO₂) therapy does not have a pro-oxidative effect. Additionally, it seems that this procedure strongly mobilized the antioxidant enzyme system, thus improving defense from oxidative damage. All significant data are marked as P ⟨0.05. Our results have shown that in terms of ROS production, HBO₂ can be safe to use in patients suffering from DM type 2 with or without vascular complications.

Evaluation of Erythrocyte Morphology and Antioxidant Enzymes in Patients of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Evaluation of Erythrocyte Morphology and Antioxidant Enzymes in Patients of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Positive Correlation of Fecal Calprotectin With Serum Antioxidant Enzymes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Accidental Numerical Correlation or a New Finding?

BackgroundOxidative stress occuring in patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the relationship between oxidative stress, disease activity and inflammatory markers has not been well established. Materials and MethodsA total of 30 patients diagnosed with IBD and 30 volunteers who had normal colonoscopies, selected as controls, were used for this study. The serum levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and oxidative markers (malondialdehyde [MDA] and total antioxidant capacity) were compared between the 2 groups. Furthermore, their correlations with disease activity scores and inflammatory markers, especially the fecal calprotectin, were examined. ResultsCatalase and glutathione peroxidase concentrations were significantly correlated with the level of fecal calprotectin in patients with IBD. Nevertheless, there were no significant correlations between the concentrations of the above-mentioned enzymes and C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or the activity scores of IBD patients. It should be noted that MDA and total antioxidant capacity levels did not correlate with the inflammatory markers or the disease activity scores. ConclusionsThere was a positive correlation between fecal calprotectin and serum antioxidant enzymes in patients with IBD, but, there was no correlation between antioxidant and oxidative markers in terms of disease activity scores. Hence, the observed significant correlation between the antioxidant enzymes and the fecal calprotectin may be due to either the pro-oxidant potential of calprotectin or its antioxidant role.

Is There a Role for Oxidative Stress in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders?

Data on the role of oxidative stress in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are limited. This study compared serum levels of oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant enzymes in patients with TMJ disorders. In this prospective study, patients with TMJ disorders and healthy controls were compared for descriptive characteristics (age and gender) and serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress marker, and antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). This study included 32 patients with TMJ disorders and 32 healthy controls. There were no differences between the 2 groups for age (P=.98) and gender (P=.599). MDA levels were higher in the TMJ disorders group than in the control group (P<.001), whereas serum levels of CAT, SOD, and GSH were significantly higher in the control group (P<.001 for all comparisons). There was no correlation between age or gender and MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH levels in the TMJ disorders or control group. Oxidative stress markers might have promising potential as biomarkers in the diagnostic strategy and therapeutic targets of TMJ disorders.

Analyses of antioxidant status and nucleotide alterations in genes encoding antioxidant enzymes in patients with benign and malignant thyroid disorders.

BackgroundSynthesis of thyroid hormones and regulation of their metabolism involve free radicals that may affect redox balance in the body. Thyroid disorders causing variations in the levels of thyroid hormones may alter cellular oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to measure the antioxidant activities and biomarkers of oxidative stress in serum and red blood cells (RBC) of patients with benign and malignant thyroid disorders and to investigate if changes in the antioxidant activities in these patients were linked to alterations in genes encoding the antioxidant enzymes.MethodsForty-one patients with thyroid disorders from University of Malaya Medical Centre were recruited. They were categorised into four groups: multinodular goitre (MNG) (n = 18), follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) (n = 7), papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) (n = 10), and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) (n = 6). Serum and RBC of patients were analysed for antioxidant activities, antioxidant enzymes, and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Alterations in genes encoding the antioxidant enzymes were analysed using whole exome sequencing and PCR–DNA sequencing.ResultsPatients with thyroid disorders had significantly higher serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities compared to control, but had lower activities in RBC. There were no significant changes in serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Meanwhile, GPx activity in RBC was reduced in PTC and FTC, compared to control and the respective benign groups. Antioxidant activities in serum were decreased in the thyroid disorder groups when compared to the control group. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated in the serum of FTA group when compared to controls, while in the RBC, only the MNG and PTC groups showed higher MDA equivalents than control. Serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in PTC group of both serum and RBC were significantly higher than control group. Whole exome sequencing has resulted in identification of 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MNG and PTC patients and their genotypic and allelic frequencies were calculated. Analyses of the relationship between serum enzyme activities and the total SNPs identified in both groups revealed no correlation.DiscussionDifferent forms of thyroid disorders influence the levels of antioxidant status in the serum and RBC of these patients, implying varying capability of preventing oxidative stress. A more comprehensive study with a larger target population should be done in order to further evaluate the relationships between antioxidant enzymes gene polymorphisms and thyroid disorders, as well as strengthening the minor evidences provided in literatures.

The Effect of Oral Administration PUFAs on Oxidative Stress in Patients Infected by Helicobacter pylori with Dyspeptic Symptom

Objective: Helicobacter pylori is a main etiological parameter in chronic active gastritis, gastric duodenal ulcers and gastric malignancy. Particular polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) play roles in inhibitory effect on bacterial propagation. Therefore, this study investigated the protective effects of PUFAs against oxidative stress in patient infected with H. pylori with dyspeptic symptom.Methods: This study is a double blind clinical trial whose target population was 34 patients infected with H. pylori with dyspeptic symptom. Patients were divided into two groups. The first group was treated with standard therapy without supplement (control), and the second group was treated with Standard Therapy and PUFAs supplement, ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9 (case group) for 2 weeks. Two biopsies from Antrum and body of stomach of all patients were collected before and after the treatment. The biopsy samples were used for quick urease test and measurement of Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity.Results: In gastric mucosa mean levels of total capacity antioxidant were significantly increased in case group comparing with control group. Also, the mean of superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and glutathione peroxidase activity increased significantly in case group compared with control group (p value <0.001).Conclusion: The findings revealed that administration of PUFAs supplement can increase total antioxidant capacity and activity of antioxidant enzymes in patients infected with H. pylori.