Antioxidant Enzymes In Liver Tissue Research Articles

Effect of Aqueous Turmeric Extract on Lipid Peroxidation and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Liver Tissue of Chick Embryo Treated with silver nanoParticles

Turmeric extract has antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects, and in addition, curcumin present in turmeric extract can be a powerful protective factor against biochemical changes and cellular oxidative damages. In order to investigate the effect of turmeric aqueous extract on lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the liver tissue of chick embryos treated with silver nanoparticles, 45 race Ross 308 fertilized eggs were randomly divided into control groups (single injection of 0.5 ml saline solution) and 4 treated groups. On the 10th day of incubation, treated groups of 1, 2, 3 and 4 received silver nanoparticles (a single injection of 0.5 ml silver nanoparticles, 200 ppm and 60 nm). On the 12th day of incubation, treated groups of 2, 3 and 4 received turmeric aqueous extract with concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 μg/ml (single injection of 0.5 ml turmeric aqueous extract). The injection was done in the amnion sac embryos. On the 20th day of incubation, the concentration of malondialdehyde and the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzymes in liver tissue were measured by ELISA method. Statistical analysis was carried out by using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests (p<0.05). Compared to treated group 1, the tissue concentration of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in treated groups 2, 3 and 4 significantly increased and the tissue concentration of malondialdehyde decreased significantly (p<0.05). Dose-dependent injection of turmeric aqueous extract dreduces the toxicity caused by silver nanoparticle and reduces oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in liver tissue of chick embryos.

Therapeutic effect of Bacopa monnieri on Aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative damage in rats

Aflatoxin B1 is the one of most toxic and well-known mycotoxins, which contaminates staple food. Bacopa monnieri popularly known as Brahmi, is a well-documented nootropic drug in Ayurveda. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the protective efficacy of brahmi against liver damage induced within 4 weeks by oral doses 200 ìg/kg Aflatoxin B1, to male rats. Resulting in increased lipid peroxidation, decline in reduced glutathione, and antioxidant enzymes in liver tissue, increased serum liver pathology markers in serum. Oral pretreatment with 20 – 40 mg/kg Brahmi for a week showed remarkable protection against the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1.

Antihepatofibrotic effect of Guizhifuling pill on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice.

To evaluate the protective effects and the underlying mechanism of Guizhifuling pill (, GZFL) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. Male ICR mice by intraperitoneally administered with 20% CCl (mixed 1∶4 in soybean oil) to induce liver fibrosis. Mice that underwent CCl were orally with GZFL. Using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining to examine the pathological changes in liver tissue. Serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity and proinflammatory cytokines was assessed. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) family members were evaluated by Western blotting. Our findings indicated that GZFL could effectively suppress the progression of liver fibrosis in mice, which was determined based on the improvement in liver function and reduction of collagen deposition. GZFL treatment also decreased the level of cytokines and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in liver tissue. Moreover, GZFL exerted anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through regulating the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant system and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. GZFL may prevent the progression of liver fibrosis by regulating the Nrf2/ heme oxygenase-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways, thereby highlighting its role in the management of liver fibrosis.

Datura stramonium Leaf Extract Exhibits Anti-inflammatory Activity in CCL4-Induced Hepatic Injury Model by Modulating Oxidative Stress Markers and iNOS/Nrf2 Expression.

Background Inflammation is a frequent phenomenon in the pathogenesis of hepatic disorders leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Phytopharmaceuticals developed from traditional medicine can provide effective therapeutic alternatives to conventional medications. Datura stramonium (DS) has reported traditional uses in inflammatory diseases. In this study, we have tried to validate its potential as a source of anti-inflammatory agents. Methods Powdered leaf part of DS was extracted using ethyl acetate (EA) to provide the extract (DSL-EA). Lymphocyte and macrophage viability and acute toxicity assays established the safety profile, while nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay estimated the in vitro anti-inflammatory potential. Noninvasive anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and antinociceptive activities were monitored using BALB/c mice using low and high doses (150 and 250 mg/kg). Major inflammatory studies were performed on Sprague-Dawley male rats using CCl4-induced liver injury model. Disease induction was initiated by intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 (1 mL/kg of 30% CCl4 in olive oil). The rats were divided into six groups. The anti-inflammatory potential of DSL-EA in low and high doses (150 and 300 mg/kg, respectively) was assessed through hematological, biochemical, liver antioxidant defense, oxidative stress markers, and histological studies as well as the expression of Nrf2 and iNOS. Results DSL-EA exhibited prominent in vitro NO scavenging (IC50: 7.625 ± 0.51 μg/mL) and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in paw and anal edema models. In CCl4 model, hematological investigations revealed vasotonic effects. Liver functionality was significantly (P < 0.001 − 0.05) improved in DSL-EA-treated rats. The activity level of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in liver tissues was improved in a manner identical to silymarin. The extract reduced the percent concentration of oxidative stress markers in liver tissues. Furthermore, DSL-EA displayed restorative effects on histological parameters (H and E and Masson's trichrome staining). Immunohistochemistry studies showed marked decline in Nrf2 expression, while overexpression of iNOS was also observed in disease control rats. The damage was distinctly reversed by the extract.

Nutritional and Biological evaluation of using Spirulina algae as anew source of protein

Spirulina platensis (SP) alga has been a common dietary substance around the world from ancient times. This study was aimed to using Spirulina as a novel protein source, especially in growth phase. Thirty six male albino rats aged six weeks were divided into six groups according to the protein source as following: The casein groups (C1, C2, and C3) contain (100, 200, and 300 g casein /kg diet) as (10%, 20% &30% casein), respectively. On the corresponding side, the spirulina clusters (SP1, SP2, and SP3) contained (157, 315 and 472 gm algal protein/kg food) respectively. It lasted 28 days. SP has high total antioxidant activity (39.2 %). SP groups recorded significant increases in feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio compared with casein groups. While casein recorded significant increases in apparent digestibility, Co-efficient compared to groups of SP algae. Eating Spirulina has significantly preserved liver and kidney function. As for complete blood picture, the groups of SP3 recorded highest percentage in Hb and RBCs compared with C3 group, other than WBCs, which was lower in SP3. Significant increase in the antioxidant enzymes in liver tissues were observed in SP groups, while Malondialdehyde recorded a significant reduction in the same groups. SP treatment increased GH levels in all groups. On the other side, the results of alpha tumor necrosis factors recorded a significant decrease in groups of SP compared with the groups of casein. In conclusion, Spirulina can be used as a new protein replacement

Pinus thunbergii PARL leaf protects against alcohol-induced liver disease by enhancing antioxidant defense mechanism in BALB/c mice

Abstract Pinus thunbergii is a black pine that has been widely used in health-promoting foods. This study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of the alcohol-aqueous extract of Pinus thunbergii PARL leaves (PTE) in ethanol-induced liver-damaged mice. PTE increased the weight and survival rate of mice while reducing the levels of serum hepatic marker enzymes. PTE also restored the levels of antioxidant enzymes in liver tissues while drastically increasing lipid peroxidation concentrations. Histopathological examination of PTE-treated mice presented relatively less lipid droplets and hepatic tissue damage compared to ethanol-treated mice. Finally, to identify PTE components, Natural Products Application Solution with UNIFI along with an in-house library was processed and results revealed 35 compounds in the extract. These compounds were reported to exhibit significant antioxidant and/or hepatoprotective properties. Our results suggest that PTE improves liver function and can be developed as a food product with hepatoprotective effects.

HEPATOPROTECTIVE ROLE OF LOVASTATIN - PREGNANE X RECEPTOR AGONIST IN LITHOCHOLIC ACID INDUCED LIVER CHOLESTASIS DISEASED RATS

Objective: Pregnane X receptor (PXR), member of nuclear receptor family, an integral component of the body defence mechanism against chemical insult are expressed in the liver, gastrointestinal system &amp; lungs. Some studies have shown that the lovastatin is pregnane X receptor (PXR) activation effect.&#x0D; Methods: In the present study the hepatoprotective effect of lovastatin was investigated against lithocholic acid induced liver toxicity. Liver markers in serum and antioxidant enzymes in liver tissue were assessed by using standard procedures.&#x0D; Results: The level of liver marker (such as SGOT &amp; SGPT) and bilirubin were increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) and antioxidant enzyme (i.e. SOD, GSH and CAT) were significantly (p&lt;0.05) decrease in lithocholic acid treated groups as compared to control group. Lovastatin at doses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg/kg showed significantly (p&lt;0.05) decrease in the levels of liver marker (SGOT &amp; SGPT) and bilirubin as compared to the positive control group in both pre &amp; post treated models. The antioxidant enzymes such as Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH) and Catalase (CAT) content in liver tissue were significantly (p&lt;0.05) increase after administration of lovastatin at dose dependent manner in both pre &amp; post treated models.&#x0D; Conclusions: The results of the present study indicates that under the present experimental conditions, lovastatin showed hepatoprotective abilities against lithocholic acid induced hepatotoxicity in albino rat.&#x0D; Keywords: Hepatoprotection, lovastatin, Lithocholic Acid, Pregnane X Receptor

Effects of Isoflavone Supplementation on Lipid Profiles and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Growing Rats Fed High Fat Diet.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of isoflavone on serum lipids and antioxidant enzymes activities in growing rats fed high lard diet. Twenty four female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 50–60 g) were divided into three groups, control, high fat (HF, lard 200 g/kg diet) and high fat + isoflavone (HFI, lard 200 g/kg diet + isoflavone 310.9 mg/kg diet) for 4 weeks. The results of study indicated that body weight gain was not different by isoflavone diet. Mean intake was significantly lower in HF group and HFI group than control group. Food efficiency ratio was significantly higher in HF group and HFI group than control group. The level of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly lower in HFI group than control group and HF group. The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, was significantly higher in control group than HF group and HFI group. The level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not significantly different by experimental diets, but atherogenic index (AI) was significantly lower in control group and HFI group than HF group. Contents of total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver tissues were found to be insignificant. The concentration of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde was significantly lower in control groups and HFI group than HF group. And antioxidant enzymes in liver tissue were not significantly different by lard and isoflavone supplemented diets. In conclusion, it seems possible that isoflavone supplemented high fat diet may produce positive results on level of serum triglyceride, serum total cholesterol, AI and concentration of malondialdyhyde.

Biochemical and Molecular Investigation of Antioxidant Enzymes in Liver Tissue of Rats Intoxicated with Carbon Tetrachloride and Treated with Aqueous Extract of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

Biochemical and Molecular Investigation of Antioxidant Enzymes in Liver Tissue of Rats Intoxicated with Carbon Tetrachloride and Treated with Aqueous Extract of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

Chemopreventive Efficacy of (+)-Catechin-Rich Aqueous Extract of Acacia catechu Willd. Heartwood against 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene-Induced Hepatocarcinoma in Balb/c Mice

The objective of this study was to investigate the chemopreventive potential of (+)-catechin-rich extract of Acacia catechu heartwood (AQCE) against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Balb/c mice. The levels of liver injury markers, tumor markers, and oxidative stress were measured in serum and liver tissues. Furthermore, the levels of transcription factors were measured by ELISA. Tumor incidence was found to be 100% in DMBA-treated animals (group 2), whereas, in AQCE-treated animals (group 3), it was 37.5%. AQCE treatment reduced liver injury and restored tumor-marker levels. AQCE also significantly reduced elevated levels of nitrite and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) in DMBA-treated animals. Additionally, AQCE modulated the activity of different antioxidant enzymes in liver tissues. Eventually, AQCE also significantly improved body weight, prevented the increase of relative liver weight, and maintained the liver cellular architecture within the normal range of the control. A significant increase in the protein levels of p53, c-jun, and NF-κB (p65) were observed in DMBA-treated mice, whereas low levels of these markers were observed in DMBA+AQCE-treated animals. These findings strongly suggest (1) that (+)-catechin-rich AQCE exerts a chemopreventive effect by modulating the levels of lipid peroxidation and by promoting the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system and (2) that this effect is linked to the expression of transcription factors during hepatocarcinogenesis.

The protective effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on electric field-induced hepatic oxidative stress

Purpose: To investigate the effects of 12 kV/m electric (E) field sourced by power lines on oxidative and nitrosative stress, and antioxidant status. Furthermore, the study aimed to examine the protective effects of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) in the liver tissues of guinea pigs against the possible detriments of electromagnetic field exposure.Materials and methods: Guinea pigs were exposed to 50 Hz 12 kV/m E-field. NAC and EGCG were administerated intraperitoneally. Malonedialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and nitric oxide derivatives (nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), total level of nitric oxide (NOx) were estimated as biomarkers of oxidative and nitrosative stress, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were evaluated as endogenous antioxidant enzymes in liver tissues of the guinea pigs.Results: The results of our study indicated a significant increase in the levels of oxidant products (MDA, NO3, NO2, NOx), and a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme (SOD, GSH-Px and MPO) activities. We also found that the individual or plus application of NAC and EGCG resulted in the reduction of oxidative stress prior to E field application.Conclusion: To conclude, extremely low frequency (ELF) electric field has potential harmful effects on the living organisms by enhancing the free radical production. NAC and EGCG might have hepatoprotective effects in ELF-E field induced oxidative and nitrosative stress.