Antioxidant Activities Of Water Extracts Research Articles

Assessment of the antioxidant activity of Bifurcaria bifurcata aqueous extract on canola oil. Effect of extract concentration on the oxidation stability and volatile compound generation during oil storage

In this research the antioxidant activity of water extracts of Bifurcaria bifurcata (BBE) at different dose against butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was evaluated in canola oil. Water extracts were firstly characterized in terms of total solid and polyphenolic compound contents, and their antioxidant activity together with that of BHT was evaluated using several in vitro tests (DPPH, ABTS, ORAC and FRAP). Next, the progress of lipid oxidation was assessed in canola oil added with five BBE concentrations (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000ppm) and two BHT concentrations (50 and 200ppm) using an accelerated oxidation test. The progress in lipid oxidation was monitored by assessing some chemical indices (peroxide value, p-anisidine value, and conjugated dienes) during oil storage and some volatile compounds at the end of the storage period. BBE showed a significant antioxidant effect, being this ability concentration-dependent. The extent of lipid oxidation was inversely related to BBE dose, specially with regard to primary oxidation products. At the highest level of BBE, significant decreases of primary and secondary oxidation products, with respect to the control, were obtained with reduction percentages of 71.53%, 72.78%, 68.17% and 71.3% for peroxides, conjugated dienes, p-anisidine and TOTOX values, respectively. A level of 600ppm or higher concentration of the extract inhibits the lipid oxidation in a similar way than BHT at 200ppm. Regarding the inhibition of the formation of volatile compounds, both BBE and BHT strongly inhibited the formation of volatiles during oil storage, being this inhibition similar for all the concentrations of BBE and BHT essayed. Overall, results indicated that BBE can be used as a potential natural additive for improving oxidative stability of canola oil.

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Antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds of Lonicerae macranthoides by HPLC–DAD–QTOF-MS/MS

Lonicerae macranthoides with strong antioxidant activity is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine and folk tea/beverage. However, detailed information about its antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds is limited. Then at first, we comparatively evaluated total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activities of water extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of L. macranthoides. Ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest level of TPC (207.38mg GAE/g DW), TFC (53.06mg RE/g DW) and the best DPPH scavenge activity and reducing power. n-Butanol fraction showed the best ABTS+ and O2− scavenging activities. Interestingly, water extract, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed stronger antioxidant activities than positive control, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). After that, thirty-one antioxidant phenolic compounds, including twenty-two phenolic acids and nine flavonoids, were screened by DPPH–HPLC experiment and then identified using HPLC–DAD–QTOF-MS/MS. It is noted that twenty-one compounds (1, 3–4, 6–17, 19, 23, 26, 28–29, and 31), as far as was known, were discovered from L. macranthoide for the first time, and eleven of them (3–4, 10–17, and 23) were reported in Lonicera species for the first time. Results indicated that L. macranthoides could serve as promising source of rich antioxidants in foods, beverages and medicines for health promotion.

서양민들레(Taraxacum officinale) 지상부, 지하부 및 혼합 추출물의 항산화 활성 비교

The present investigation evaluated the antioxidant activities of water extracts from dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) aerial parts, roots, and mixed extracts. Mixed extract of T. officinale was a mixture of aerial parts and roots at 9:1 and 8:2 weight ratios. Extracts from aerial parts (DAE), roots (DRE), and mixture of aerial parts and roots (DME) were measured for cell viability and catalase activity in HepG2 cells, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. Cell viabilities of HepG2 cells treated with DAE, DRE, DME 8:2, and DME 9:1 against H2O2-induced oxidative damage were 63.4%, 54.6%, 76.7% and 83.4% at a concentration of 400 μg/mL, respectively. Catalase activity was highest in DME 9:1 (12.2 mU/min/mg protein) compared with DAE (9.0 mU/min/mg protein) and DRE (9.7 mU/min/mg protein). DPPH radical scavenging activity of DME showed a significantly lower EC 50 value than DAE (EC 50 value of DME 9:1=163.3 μg/mL, DME 8:2=172.4 μg/mL, and DAE=173.7 μg/mL). Lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of DME showed a significantly lower EC 50 value than DAE [EC 50 values of DME (9:1)=454.4 μg/mL, DME (8:2)=426.6 μg/mL, and DAE=654.7 μg/mL]. The results indicate that a small amount of T. officinale roots increased antioxidant activity of aerial parts. Especially, a 9:1 mixture was more valuable than 8:2 mixture for industry.

PP57 - Examination of the Antioxidant capacity of water extracts of common teas using the Cellular Antioxidant Activity (CAA) assay

Oxidative stress leads to a high production of free radicals, which are related with more than a hundred of human diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s, and may be important in the process of ageing. Natural products rich in antioxidant compounds can neutralize in vitro the potentially harmful free radicals, suggesting that an antioxidants-rich diet might provide health benefits. Several in vitro methods have been developed to test the antioxidant potential of foods. Though, these assays do not evaluate the antioxidants in a physiological environment and do not take consideration of the complexity of a biological system. The goal of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of water extracts of commercial teas within a cellular model. The antioxidant activity was determined using the peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC) and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methods and compared with the in vivo results obtained with the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay. The results of this study showed that despite some extracts have a relative high ranking of antioxidant potential, this rank is dependent on the chemical method used. Furthermore, the chemical results are weakly correlated with the cell-based method. Considering the fact that antioxidants are effective in preventing various chronic diseases, the potential antioxidant role of dietary antioxidants within a cellular model certainly merits further attention. The CAA assay takes into account some key biological parameters that have to be considered to estimate the in vivo potential result.

右歸飮이 hydrogen peroxide에 의해 유도된 Leydig cell에 미치는 항산화 효과 연구

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of water extract of Woogyuyeum (WGY) in Leydig cells. Methods : We investigated the cytoprotective effect of WGY in cultured mouse Leydig cells by MTT assay. Leydig cells treated with WGY were incubated in the presence or absence of 50 μM hydrogen peroxide at 37℃ for 24 h. The protective effects of WGY against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxide (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity assays were performed in Leydig cells. Results : As a result, WGY showed no significant cytotoxicity in Leygdig cells. WGY showed cell viability as 103.65% in 5 μg/ml concentrations. The cytotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide in Leygdig cells, the antioxidant effects of WGY was increased in 1, 5, 50, 100 ug/ml concentraions. 100 μg/ml concentration of WGY showed maximum antioxidant effects. Treatment of cells with 100 μg/ml WGY significantly reduced the MDA concentration to 0.23 nmoles/mg protein. SOD activity was increased at 1, 100 μg/ml concentration of WGY and catalase activity was significantly increased at 50, 100 μg/ml concentrations of WGY, respectively. Conclusions : In conclusion, WGY has antioxidant activities against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in Leydig cells.

Antioxidant potential of some Sudanese medicinal plants used in traditional medicine

In the present work methanolic and water extracts of 19 medicinal plants, commonly used in Sudanese folk medicines against gastrointestinal tract, infectious diseases were investigated for their antioxidant activity. Antioxidant assays were carried out by using different in vitro models such as DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging and Iron chelating activity. Methanolic and water extracts of Punica granatum showed the highest total antioxidant activity of 71±0.03 and 73±0.01 respectively. The antioxidant activities of water extracts were poor when compared to the methanol extract. The iron chelating power of methanol and aqueous extracts of Commiphora myrrha 58±0.01 and Azadirachta indica 57±0.20 respectively.

DNA protection and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of water extract and fermented hydrolysate of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino)

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of water extract and fermented hydrolysate of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) were examined. Experimental models were used to characterize the antioxidant activities, which were compared with the standard antioxidants α-tocoferol and EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid). Antioxidant activities of water extract and fermented hydrolysate were examined at the cellular level and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activities in LPS (lipopolysaccharides)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Production of the pro-inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2) was significantly (p<0.05) inhibited by treatments with abalone water extract and fermented hydrolysate, compared with controls. Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) can be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants and dietary supplements.

Antioxidant activity of water extracts of persimmon flower buds

Fresh, naturally dried, and artificially dried persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) flower buds (PFBs) were extracted with deionized water (1 g/100 mL) at five temperatures (60, 70, 80, 90, and 100°C) for 4 soaking times (30, 60, 120, and 180 s). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were enhanced with increasing extraction time and temperature. Extraction time and temperature in fresh PFB extract led to little differences in total phenolic contents (TPCs). However, naturally and artificially dried PFB extracts significantly changed TPCs. The extracts of artificially dried PEB for 180 s at 100°C contained the highest TPC: 43.07 μg gallic acid equivalents/g. These results suggest that the drying method and soaking condition are important for the application of PFBs to a functional food material.

The Antioxidant Activity of Cnidii Fructus and Torilis Fructus in Leydig cells

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to estimate the antioxidant activity of water extract of Cnidii Fructus (CF) and Torilis Fructus (TF) in Leydig cells. Methods : Free radical scavenging activity of CF and TF against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was determined spectrophotometrically. We investigated the effect of CF and TF in Leydig cells by MTT assay. The protective effects of CF and TF against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in Leydig cells. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity assays were performed in Leydig cells. Results : The results showed that CF scavenged DPPH radical in a dose-dependent manner by up to 81.2%, TF scavenged DPPH radical in a dose-dependent manner by up to 63.8%. CF showed cell viability as 121.0, 132.7, 126.6% in 5, 10, 100 μg/ml concentrations. TF showed cell viability as 127.5, 111.8% in 5, 100 μg/ml concentraions, respectively. The hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity of Leydig cells were protected to 86.3% by CF at concentration of 10 μg/ml and protected to 83.5% by TF at concentration of 100 μg/ml. Both CF and TF at all concentrations, SOD activity was not significantly changed. Catalase activity was significantly increased at 10, 100 μg/ml concentrations of CF, respectively. TF's catalase activity showed no significant difference from that of the control. Conclusions : These results suggest that CF, as an antioxidant, protects Leydig cells in hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. know that『Kwangjebikeup』played a role in settlement and spreading of foreign knowledge to civilians.

The antioxidative and anti-proliferative potential of non-edible organs of the pomegranate fruit and tree

Extracts from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) organs are well known for their health beneficial properties that include antioxidative and cancer anti-proliferative activities. Polyphenols and especially ellagitanins (ETs) were suggested as responsible for these properties. In this study we measured the total phenol content (TPC); the levels of several ETs, punicalagin, gallagic, ellagic and gallic acids; and the antioxidative activities of water extracts of different fruit sections and tree organs. The ability to inhibit the proliferation of breast MCF-7 and prostate LNCaP cancer cells was also examined. The results show that in the different tissues there are positive relationships between high levels of TPC, punicalagin and gallagic acid to the antioxidative and MCF-7 proliferation inhibitory activities. The non-edible sections of fruits, namely peels and lamellas show significantly higher levels of these compounds than the edible sections, accompanied by higher anti-proliferative activities. Roots, bark, buds and fruitless exhibit higher levels and activities than flowers, branches and leaves. The inhibition of LNCaP cells was found to be correlated only to TPC and punicalagin in the fruit sections. These results show the contents of four bioactive compounds and their potential contribution to the health benefits of non-edible tissues, which were used since antiquity.

Influence of preheating on antioxidant activity of the water extract from black soybean and color and sensory properties of black soybean decoction

Our previous study indicated that black soybean (BS) tea (BST) made from preheated BS showed a significant protective effect against CCl4 -induced liver damage in Sprague Dawley rats due to BS's antioxidant activity. In this study, we investigated three different preheating methods on the antioxidant activity of water extract from BS (WBS) (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), as well as on the color and sensory properties of BST. WBS baked at 130 °C for 5 min showed high total phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents among three preheating methods, as well as high DPPH radical-scavenging activity, ferrous ion chelating ability and reducing power. BST baked at 130 °C for 5 min had higher polyphenol oxidase activity and L*, a* and b* values but lower peroxidase activity then BST made from unheated BS. Sensory evaluation indicated that BST made from baked BS produced better aroma and flavor than the tea made from unheated BS or a commercial preheated BS. An appropriate preheating process improved the amount of extractable antioxidant and the antioxidant activity in WBS. BST baked at 130 °C for 5 min had good flavor properties, as well as high amount of antioxidant.

Antioxidant Activity of Water Extract of Chrysanthemum boreale against MPTP-induced Mice Models

Chrysanthemum boreale(CB) is an oriental medicinal herb which has been used traditionally for the treatment of various brain disease including headache, dizziness and sedation. In order to examine the mechanism of anti-parkinsonism effect, water extract of CB(100 mg and 200 mg/kg of b.w.) were administered orally during 28 days in MPTP-induced parkisonism mice model. Water extract of CB increased the motor activities. CB did not affect total MAO and MAO-B activity in the brain of MPTP-induced mice. CB significantly increased the concentration of lipid peroxidation in the mid brain. Also, CB significantly increased antioxidant enzyme including were SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the mid brain activity. CB significantly increased the concentration of dopamine and homovanillic acid in the brain. These results suggest that the anti-parkinsonism effect of CB is possibly due to the antioxidative effects at mid brain in MPTP-induced animal model.

Assessment of Antioxidant Properties of Tamarind Fruit Pulp and its Effect on Storage Stability of African Bread Fruit Seed dhal and Flour

This study evaluated the antioxidant activities of tamarind fruit pulp in scavenging 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl radical (DPPH) and in suppressing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation, as a marker of lipid oxidation, in African breadfruit seed dhal and flour. Water and ethanol extracts of tamarind fruit pulp at different concentrations were used to scavenge DPPH radical. Parboiled (100°C; 15 min) breadfruit seeds were dehulled to seed dhal, oven-dried (50°C; 72 h), and half of the dhal milled into flour. Samples (100 g each) of the seed dhal and flour added and mixed together with aqueous suspensions (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 or 5.0 g per 5 ml water) of tamarind fruit pulp were analysed for TBA values within 4 months of storage at 26 ± 2°C. The water and ethanol extracts scavenged DPPH in a dose-dependent manner. The ethanol extract had IC50 of 38.17 while the water extract had IC50 of 7.32, indicating much higher antioxidant activity of water extract. Tamarind fruit pulp inhibited lipid oxidation in breadfruit seed dhal and flour as evident from the mean thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value which decreased with increasing concentrations of the fruit pulp. Antioxidant activity of the fruit pulp was higher in the flour than in the dhal within 4 months of storage. Both seed dhal and flour treated with tamarind fruit pulp had lower mean TBA values ranging from 2.80 to 4.12 ppm Malonaldehyde as against 4.55 to 4.91 ppm for untreated samples. Tamarind fruit can thus be further studied for possible exploitation as a natural antioxidant for use in food, drug and cosmetic products.

Antioxidant-Enriched Leaf Water Extracts of Cinnamomum osmophloeum from Eleven Provenances and their Bioactive Flavonoid Glycosides

The study was designed to investigate the antioxidant activities of water extracts of C. osmophloeum leaves from eleven provenances (CO1-CO11) and their bioactive phytochemicals. Results revealed that leaf water extracts contained antioxidant phytochemicals and showed efficacy as antioxidants. Among varied leaf water extracts, water extract of CO4 showed the highest total phenolic content (160.9 mg/g) and superior free radical scavenging ability with the IC50 values of 10.3 and 16.9 μg/mL for DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging assays, respectively. It was also found to exhibit the best metal chelating ability and reducing power. According to the multiple spectral analyses, bioactive phytochemicals of leaf water extracts were flavonoid glycosides, including kaempferol-7-O-rhamnoside and kaempferol-3,7-O-dirhamnoside. Leaf water extracts of C. osmophloeum with high performance of antioxidant efficacy have great potential as a natural daily supplement.

Antioxidant activities of crude extracts from medicinal plants used by diabetic patients in Eastern Botswana

The antioxidant activities of water extracts of Myrothamnus flabellifolius (shoot) and Ozoroa paniculosa (roots) and their combinations called “Danzoria”(equal proportion of extracts from the two plants) were evaluated spectrophotometrically using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. At 25 µg/ml the free radical scavenging power of the extracts were as follows: M. flabellifolius alone (66%); O. paniculosa root alone (49%); O. paniculosa stem alone (81%); O. paniculosa leaf alone (79%). At the same concentration (25 µg/ml) their combination (Danzoria) exhibited the following radical scavenging potencies: M. flabellifolius+ O. paniculosa root (85%); M. flabellifolius + O. paniculosa stem (91%); M. flabellifolius +O. paniculosa leaf (91%). At 100 µg/ml and above there were no significant differences between scavenging potencies for individual extracts and their combinations. The scavenging potencies were in magnitudes of 90-91%. These plants and their combinations contain antioxidant compounds and their free radical scavenging activity may be responsible for their antidiabetic properties as advocated in traditional medicine. Key words: Free radical scavenging, Myrothamnus flabellifolius, Ozoroa paniculosa, antidiabetic, Eastern Botswana.

연수(蓮鬚)가 GC-2 spd(ts) Cell의 항산화에 미치는 영향

ABSTRACT Objectives : The purpose of this study was to estimate the antioxidant activity of water extract of Nelumbinis stamen (WNS) in GC-2 spd (ts) cells. Methods : we investigated the effect of WNS in mouse GC-2 spd (ts) cells by MTT assay. The protective effects of WNS against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stre ss in GC-2 spd (ts) cells were examined by measuring cell viability. Lipid peroxidation levels and catalas e were measured. Results : WNS showed cell viability as 101.9, 108.9, 111.8, 125.8, 134.5 % in 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 ??g/ml concentrations, respectively. The protective effect of WNS concentration was 2.5 ??g/ml against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in GC-2 spd (ts) cells. LPO were decreased significantly at 2.5, 5, 25 ??g/ml of WNS concentrations. Catalase activity was significantly incr eased at 2.5, 5 and 10 ??g/ml of WNS concentrations, respectively. Conclusions : In conclusion, WNS has antioxidant activities in GC-2 spd(ts) cells against oxidative stress.Key words : water extract of Nelumbinis stamen (WNS), GC-2 spd(ts) cells, Cell viability, LPO, Catalase

Comparison in Antioxidant Activities of Water Extracts of Green Tea, White Tea and Black Tea

Comparison in Antioxidant Activities of Water Extracts of Green Tea, White Tea and Black Tea

Application of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Bioactive Compounds in Some Berries

Fluorometry, ESI-MS, FTIR, and radical scavenging assays were used for characterization of bioactive compounds and the levels of their antioxidant activities. Polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid and the level of antioxidant activity of water extracts of “Murtilla-like” [Myrteola nummularia (Poiret) Berg.], and other widely consumed berries were determined and compared. The contents of bioactive compounds and the levels of antioxidant activities in water extracts differed significantly in the investigated samples (P < 0.05). “Murtilla-like” extracts contained polyphenols (mg GAE/g)—19.13 ± 0.9, flavonoids, (mg CE/g)—3.12 ± 0.1, anthocyanins (mg CGE/g)—120.23 ± 5.4, and ascorbic acid (mg/g)—2.20 ± 0.1; and antioxidant activities (μmolTE/g) by ABTS and CUPRAC assays were 200.55 ± 8.7 and CUPRAC 116.76 ± 5.7, respectively. Chemometrical processing was done on the basis of kinetic data of two variables (concentration and reaction time) by DPPH scavenging reaction. Polyphenol content highly correlated with antioxidant capacity (R2 from 0.96 to 0.83). The quenching properties of berries were studied by the interaction of water polyphenol extracts with a small protein such as BSA by 3-D fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy. These methods were used as additional tools for the characterization of polyphenols. Wild-grown non-investigated berries were compared with widely consumed ones, using their bioactive composition, antioxidant activities, and antiproliferative and fluorescence properties. In conclusion, the antioxidant properties of “Murtilla-like” can be used as a new source for consumption. The bioactivity of “Murtilla-like” is comparable with blueberries and raspberries. 3-D fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy can be applied as additional analytical tools for rapid estimation of the quality of food products.

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Extracts and Fractionation of Different Parts of Elsholtzia ciliata

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity of extract and fractions from various parts of Elsholtzia ciliata. The inflorescences, leaves, stems and roots of E. ciliata were extracted separately and two phenolic component enrichment methods: ethyl acetate-water liquid-liquid extraction and macroporous resin adsorption-desorption, were adopted in this study. The antioxidant activities of water extracts and fractions of E. ciliata were examined using different assay model systems in vitro. The fraction root E (purified by HPD300 macroporous resin) exhibited the highest total phenolics content (497.2 ± 24.9 mg GAE/g), accompanied with the highest antioxidant activity against various antioxidant systems in vitro compared to other fractions. On the basis of the results obtained, E. ciliata extracts can be used potentially as a ready accessible and valuable bioactive source of natural antioxidants.