Antioxidant Activity Of Formulation Research Articles

A Study on the Brewing of "Prot-Tea" by Blending Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) With Green Tea.

Introduction Among different blue-green algae, Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is known for its high protein content and is hence considered a dietary single-cell protein. In recent decades, Spirulina has been one of the nutritive additives in food and beverage products to enhance the nutritional value of food products. The aim of this study was to brew a "Prot-Tea" enriched with antioxidants and protein for nutrition care. Materials and methods In combination, both the Spirulina and green tea were brewed together in three different formulations: formulation A: 0.5 g of Spirulina powder and 1.5 g of green tea; formulation B: 1 g each of Spirulina powder and green tea; and formulation C: 1.5 g of Spirulina powder and 0.5 g of green tea. All the formulations were brewed in 100 mL of hot water at 80°C for two minutes. Then, all the formulations were subjected to a 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay and a quantitative protein estimation assay (Lowry method). Results Among the three different formulations, formulation B showed greater antioxidant and protein content. The antioxidant activity of formulation B was directly proportional to the concentration, with an IC50 value of 37.98 µL/mL. Similarly, the protein content was also higher in formulation B, with 287.33 µg/100 µL. The total antioxidant in formulation B was 47.61 mg of ascorbic acid equivalent. Concurrently, the total protein content was 229.86 mg in 80 mL of the total volume of Prot-Tea yield. Conclusion Based on this study, Prot-Tea is considered a future healthy beverage for nutrition care.

Evaluation of the stability and antioxidant activity of formulations with Mangifera indica L. extract

Evaluation of the stability and antioxidant activity of formulations with Mangifera indica L. extract

Characteristics and Antioxidant Activities of Three ‘Beras Kencur’ Effervescent Formulations

This study aimed to evaluate the physical characteristics and antioxidant activities of beras kencur effervescent tablet formulations. Beras kencur was prepared in 7 different concentrations to assess the percent inhibition. The highest inhibition potency (76.2%) was found in beras kencur 10 mg/mL. This concentration was used to obtain the formulation of the effervescent tablet, which differed in definite proportions of citric acid (C6H8O7), tartaric acid (C4H6O6), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). When dispersed in water, the tablet produces a bubbling reaction by releasing CO2. The tablets were evaluated for pH, soluble time, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity. These observations demonstrated that the higher proportion of NaHCO3 led to the higher solubility of the effervescent tablet. The antioxidant activity of formulations was evaluated using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and total phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteau. The outcomes suggested that the phenolics might become unstable at high acid conditions. In contrast, an increase in alkaline pH increased the ability of effervescent tablets to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The tablet with an equal proportion of acid and base showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 20.8), in line with the total phenolic content (5.772 mg GAE/mL).

Preliminary Phytochemical screening, In vitro antioxidant activity and acute oral toxicity study of polyherbal formulation for chronic kidney disease

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an increasing public health problem in developing countries with poor health outcomes. There is a constant demand to develop new, effective and affordable drugs for chronic kidney diseases (CKD). The Indian traditional medicinal system, Ayurveda is a valuable and alternative resource for identifying novel drugs for kidney diseases. The aim of the present study is to investigate the phytochemical screening, in vitro antioxidant activity, and in vivo acute oral toxicity study of polyherbal formulation for chronic kidney disease. All the experiments were conducted by using standard procedures. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of different types of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and glycosides. The antioxidant activity of the formulation was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Rutin was used as a reference compound. The IC50 value of the formulation was found to be 7.39071 % and the standard rutin was 5.69024 %. The acute toxicity study was conducted in Wister albino rats. The formulation was administered as a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. In this study, no visible behavioral changes and mortality was observed up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. We conclude that the polyherbal formulation did not exhibit any toxic effects on rats in terms of liver and renal functions, 15 days after administration. Taken together, these results provide scientific validation for the use of the polyherbal formulation as a potential treatment against chronic kidney disease. 
 Keywords: Polyherbal formulation, Ayurveda, Phytochemical screening, in vitro antioxidants, acute oral toxicity, albino rats.

PENGARUH PERBEDAAN FORMULASI WEDANG CEMUE INSTANT TERHADAP SIFAT SENSORIS DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN

Wedang cemue is a traditional drink originating from the Ngawi area, East Java. The existence of wedang cemue is getting eliminated due to the presence of instant drink that we ready to serve and more practical. To preserve the existence of wedang cemue, an innovation is needed that can promote its existence, which is made cemue into to instant. The purpose of this study was to determine the preference of instant cemue, as well as to determine of antioxidant activity. The product preference test (taste, color and aroma) used hedonic scale. The preference test involved 25 panelist. A part from the hedonic test, antioxidant activity test were also carried out using the DPPH test. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with 1 factor that is the variation of formulations (4 formulations). Each formulation was repeated 3 times. The data obtained werw analyzed using ANOVA and further testing with DMRT. The results of cemue instant showed that the formulation I obtained higher acceptability on color (3,84), aroma (3,68) and taste (3,88). The antioxidant activity of formulation I showed the highest result (71,507).

PHYTOCHEMICAL STANDARDIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF AYURVEDA FORMULATION DARVYADI RASKRIYA

The study represents phytochemical standardization and antioxidant potential of ayurveda formulation Darvyadi Raskriya. The study involves development of high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for analysis of formulation. The study utilizes analysis of glycyrrhizin in formulation which is the phytoconstituent of Glycyrrhiza glabra one of the component of formulation. The sample in ethanol was applied on aluminium TLC plates using Linomat 5 spray (CAMAG). Linear ascending development was performed in twin trough glass chamber saturated with mobile phase. The mobile phase consisted of ethyl acetate-methanol-formic acid (10:5:1 v/v/v). The spectrodensitometric detection was performed at the wavelength of 254 nm. The regression analysis was found to be linear with r2=0.997 in the concentration range 5-25 ppm. The antioxidant activity of formulation was also found to be significant as compared to control. Keywords: Standardization, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhizin, HPTLC, Antioxidant.

Evaluation Ixora coccinea Formulation for antibacterial and antioxidant activity.

Present investigation was to develop novel formulation methanolic extract of Ixora coccinea leaves (ICF-ME), which is reported to possess Anti-oxidant activityanti-bacterial activitiesandantimicrobial activity. Ixora coccinea formulation showed significant activities antibacterial and antioxidant assays compared to the standard antioxidant in a dose dependent manner and remarkable activities to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli was evaluated by the standard cup plate method and the inhibition zone diameters were measured for antibacterial activity. It is evident that formulation F-4 containing both clove oil (0.7%) and Ixora coccinea (7%) showed larger zone of inhibition in comparison to other formulations. So antibacterial and antioxidant activity of formulation F-4 found to be superior to other formulations. Results of all other evaluation parameters of F-4 were also satisfactory among all the formulations.

Antioxidant Effect of Nanoemulsions Containing Extract of Achyrocline satureioides (Lam) D.C.-Asteraceae.

Ethanolic extracts of Achyrocline satureioides have pronounced antioxidant activity mainly due to the presence of the flavonoid quercetin. However, direct topical application of the extract is not possible due to the presence of high amounts of ethanol. In this sense, nanoemulsions arise as an alternative for topical formulation associating molecules with limited aqueous solubility. This article describes the development of topical nanoemulsions containing either A. satureioides extract or one of its most abundant flavonoid, quercetin. Nanoemulsions composed of octyldodecanol, egg lecithin, water and extract (NEE), or quercetin (NEQ) were prepared by spontaneous emulsification. This process led to monodisperse nanoemulsions presenting a mean droplet size of approximately 200-300nm, negative zeta potential, and high association efficiency. A study of quercetin skin retention using porcine skin which was performed using a Franz diffusion cell revealed a higher accumulation of quercetin in skin for NEE when compared to NEQ. Finally, the antioxidant activity of formulations was measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive species and the APPH model. A lower lipoperoxidation for the extract in respect to quercetin solution was observed. However, no difference between NEQ and NEE lipoperoxidation could be seen. The protection against lipoperoxidation by the formulations was also measured in the skin, where lower formation of reactive species was observed after treatment with NEE. In conclusion, this study shows the formulation effect on the physicochemical properties of nanoemulsions as well as on the skin retention and antioxidant activity of quercetin.