Antioxidant Activity Of Blood Serum Research Articles

Effect of various forms and levels of selenium on milk productivity and resistance of lactating cows

The effect of two forms of selenium, inorganic and organic, was evaluated in the study. Lactating cows of the 1st control group were fed 4.9 mg/head/day of inorganic form of selenium, cows of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups received organic form of selenium in the amounts of 2.5, 3.7 and 4.9 mg/head/day. Researches show that application of organic form of selenium permits to increase average daily milk yield by 3.3, 12.9 and 10.8% (р < 0.05), while increasing of dry matter concentration in milk by 0.57% (р < 0.05) in comparison with the 1st control group. When administering selenium in organic form 3.7 mg/head/day, there was a tendency to increase in amount of casein and decrease in amount of somatic cells in milk by 0.13% and 33.7 thousand/ cm3 respectively (р < 0.1). A dose of 4.9 mg/head/day of organic selenium contributed to a decrease in amount of somatic cells by 29.3 thousand/cm3 (р < 0.05). Feeding experimental groups with organic form of selenium in different doses had a positive effect on the immune status and antioxidant activity of blood serum. The content of free water-soluble antioxidants (TAWSA) in blood serum was higher by 39.3 and 53.5% (р < 0.001) in cows of the 3rd and 4th experimental groups fed 3.7 and 4.9 mg/head/day of organic selenium. Thus, the use of selenium in organic form is the most effective and allows to reduce the amount of used micronutrient for replenishment of animal needs.

Comparison of neurotropic and antioxidant activity of Cytoflavin and etilmetilgydroxypiridine succinat in patients with chronic brain ischemia

Determination of the total antioxidant activity of blood serum (AOA) of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) I-II st. against the background of treatment with Cytoflavin or ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate (EMGPS) and evaluation of the effect of drugs on the state of cognitive functions and emotional sphere of patients. The main group consisted of 12 women with CCI I-II st., treated on an outpatient basis with Cytoflavin 1 tablet 2 times/day as part of complex therapy for 1 month; 12 patients with CCI I-II st., treated as part of complex therapy with EMGPS 125 mg 2 times/day for 1 month we made a comparison group. The groups are comparable in age, gender, the nature of risk factors, the severity of neurological manifestations, and the nature of basic therapy. The state of AOA, the severity and nature of cognitive and emotional disorders were assessed. It was found that the inclusion of Cytoflavin or EMGPS in complex therapy equally increased the AOA of patients. The decrease in the severity of neurological deficit during treatment consisted in improving spatio-temporal gnosis by improving the relationships in the cortex and synchronizing the activity of its different departments with the rate of nervous activity and neurophysiological characteristics different for each drug. The use of both drugs led to a decrease in the selection reaction time and the number of errors in recognizing the angular velocity of movement. Cytoflavin increased the selectivity of perception and attention in patients, while EMGPS did not affect this indicator. The use of Cytoflavin and EMGPS leads to an increase in AOA, has various effects on the cognitive functions of patients with CCI.

The Role of Plant-Based Protein Functional Food in Preventing Acute Respiratory Disease: A Case Study.

The Kaliningrad region is known for its specific climate, which can negatively affect the adaptive potential of the body. This manifests in an increased incidence of respiratory diseases and skin conditions. To prevent high morbidity, a plant protein product was included in the diet of first-year university students. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of this food intervention in preventing the most common diseases among Kaliningrad students. Two groups of university students took part in the food trial. In the control group, catabolic processes prevailed in nutrient metabolism. Disadaptation manifested itself in the metabolism of proteins, vitamins, minerals, hematopoiesis and humoral immunity. Inflammation was indicated by α1- and α2-globulins, a weak immune response, and IgM and IgG. High oxidative stress and low antioxidative ability of blood serum were observed. The plant-based protein product (FP) helped preserve testosterone level and prevent an increase in catabolic reactions. Moreover, it had a positive effect on both red blood cell hematopoiesis (a smaller increase in the average volume of erythrocytes, the same average concentration and content of hemoglobin, an increased relative red cell distribution width (RDW) and white blood cell hematopoiesis (a beneficial effect for the immune system: lymphocytes, the relative content of neutrophils, monocytes, basophils and eosinophils). The stimulation of humoral immunity was evidenced by beta- and gamma-globulins, an active immune response, the level of IgM and IgG, antioxidant protection, reduction of peroxides and an increase in antioxidant activity of blood serum. The 34-week observation showed a 1.7-fold decrease in the incidence of respiratory illnesses and a 5.7-fold decrease in skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases. Acute respiratory infections were reduced 1.8-fold. There were no cases of community-acquired pneumonia in the treatment group, compared with 55.1‰ in the control group. The incidence of respiratory diseases was 3.3–10.6 times lower in the treatment group than in the control group in weeks 6–19. The findings testify to the prophylactic effect of functional food during social adaptation and acclimatization of students.

Clinical efficiency of antioxidant therapy in patients with liver cirrhosis and acute blood loss

Objective:to determine the clinical efficiency of antioxidant therapy in patients with liver cirrhosis and acute blood loss.Material and methods.The study included 286 patients with liver cirrhosis and acute blood loss of varying degrees of severity. The patients were divided into two series of studies. In the first series, the patients received the therapy according to the clinical diagnostic and treatment protocols, in the second series 1 according to the same protocols in combination with an intravenous administration of the antioxidant complexes “Reamberin” and “Fluimucil”. After 48 hours from admission, the antioxidant status of blood serum, the blebbing index of lymphocytes, the concentration of uric acid, and the level of hemoglobin were analyzed. The indicators of the clinical efficiency of the treatment were determined: risk of absolute mortality, risk of relative mortality, the number needed to treat.Results.The blood serum of the patients from the first series of studies was characterized by pronounced prooxidant activity, high values of the lymphocyte blebbing index, and a small amount of uric acid, which was indicative of the development of oxidative stress. The mortality rate in this series of studies was 26.0 %. The patients of the second series of studies were characterized by pronounced antioxidant activity of blood serum, low values of the lymphocyte blebbing index, and high concentrations of uric acid, which indicated a decrease in the activity of systemic oxidation processes. The mortality rate in this series of studies was 18.2 %. The duration of the treatment decreased from 16.5 days (first series) to 13.0 days (second series).Conclusion.The combined use of the “Reamberin” and “Fluimucil” complexes as part of the therapy according to the clinical diagnostic and treatment protocols leads to a relief of oxidative stress in patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by acute blood loss. The blood serum of these patients is characterized by pronounced antioxidant activity, low values of the lymphocyte blebbing index, and a high concentration of uric acid, which reduces the risk for the development of multiple organ failure syndrome. This therapy decreases the mortality rate to 18.2 % and the duration of the treatment to 13.0 days.

The role of antioxidant system dysfunction in the course of gastroesophageal reflux disease in young patients with autoimmune thyroiditis

Objective — to determine the state of the antioxidant defense system by studying the total antioxidant activity and indicators of the glutathione system in young patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT).
 Materials and methods. The study involved 120 patients with GERD and AIT (mean age — 21.9 ± 2.7 уears) and 45 subjects with isolated GERD (mean age — 21.2 ± 2.4 уears). All the investigated patients were the students of higher educational institutions. The general antioxidant activity was investigated as the aggregate indicator of the first phase of antioxidant defense and the state of the glutathione link of the antioxidant system (the activity of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione).
 Results. It has been established that in patients with isolated GERD the total antioxidant activity of blood serum was significantly lower in comparison with the control group and was significantly suppressed with the addition of AIT.
 The decreased synthesis of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione was reveled at the comorbid pathologies, as well as dependence of these parameters from the morphological forms of the esophageal mucous lesions: the most intensive alterations were observed at the erosive form of the disease.
 Conclusions. The combination of GERD and AIT was accompanied by the changes in the antioxidant defense system parameters. This was manifested in the inhibition of the indicator of the total antioxidant activity and the enzymatic component of the second phase of the system — the glutathione link. These changes were dependent on the morphological form of the esophageal lesions.

Качество индюшат и безопасность их мяса при трансовариальном использовании глутатиона

Turkey breeding is one of the most stress loaded areas of poultry farming. In order to remedy negative conditions caused by the stress factors associated with artificial incubation, the team of authors suggests transovarian use of a promising and all-pervasive antioxidant in the body – Glutathione. The article presents evidence of the presence of such properties in the claimed tripeptide, which was expressed in a decrease in the products of the peroxide cascade and an increase in the antioxidant activity of blood serum. It is proved that their implementation determines conditions to obtain biologically adequate offspring, promotes an implementation of their productive qualities in further ontogenesis. According to the results of the meat Biosafety study, it is recognized that glutathione does not negatively affect the quality and safety of meat.

PSIX-13 Influence of an integrated fodder additive on productivity and metabolic homeostasis of dairy cattle in transition period

Abstract The transition period is the most stressful for dairy cows in terms of metabolic rate and characterized by dynamic changes in the hormonal profile, loss of appetite, negative energy balance, nutrient and vitamin deficiencies, compromised immunity and oxidative stress. The aim of the research was to balance the increase in cows’ productivity and the consumption of nutrients from the feed during the transition period through the use of energy feed additives (EFS), high protein feed concentrate (PFC) in combination with biologically active (BA) substances. Thirty-six dairy cows of black-motley breed were divided into 3 groups: (1) The main diet (G0, n = 12), not supplemented with additives, (2) additive 1 (G1; supplemented with 0.5 kg EFS / cow per day, n = 12), (3) additive 2 (G2; supplemented with 0.5 kg EFS; 0.5 kg PFC and 0.06 kg BA / cow per day, n = 12). The experimental part of the feeding lasted for 20 days before calving and the first 100 days after calving (DPP). Blood samples were collected during the first and the third months after calving. The biochemical analyzer was used to measure blood serum components. The milk yield was recorded monthly throughout lactation. BCS losses from 7 days prior to calving to 28 DPP were -0.29 for Gr2, -0.42 for Gr1 and -0.60 for Gr0. Feeding with additive 2 (Gr2) increased milk yield (p≤0.05) in the first 100 DPPs and (p≤0.001) 305 DPPs compared to G0. The number of samples with SCC ≥ 500 000 / ml. per 100 DPP was 51% in the Gr0 group, 27% in Gr1, 25% in Gr2. Also, microbiological control showed an excess of Bacterial cells in the milk of cows from group G0, which correlates with SCC indicators. Cows from Gr2had a lower content of ketone bodies (P≥0.001) and higher (P≥0.001) antioxidant activity of blood serum compared to Gr0. Cows from Gr2 had an increase in ALT activity by1.4 times (P <0.05) from the first to the third months after calving.

Sea Buckthorn and Rosehip Oils with Chokeberry Extract to Prevent Hypercholesterolemia in Mice Caused by a High-Fat Diet In Vivo

Dietary supplementation based on sea buckthorn and rosehip oils with added chokeberry extract was studied. We added the dietary supplement to the feed mixtures for laboratory animals. The possible toxicological effects and hypocholesterolemic, hepatoprotective activity of the dietary supplement in vivo were studied. After the observation period (6 weeks), no significant changes were found in the mass of organs and blood serum of laboratory animals (p > 0.05). However, there was a decrease in hypercholesterolemic indicators. Regular consumption of sea buckthorn and rosehip oils with added chokeberry extract (dietary supplement “ESB-1”) by laboratory animals inhibited the activity of liver enzymes and increased the antioxidant activity of blood serum (after the subcutaneous injection of sunflower oil/oil solution of carbon tetrachloride) but was not sufficient to bring them to physiological standards. The hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant properties of our dietary supplement already allow us to consider it a component of functional food products or a dietary supplement base. However, the full range of its biologically active properties, including the hepatoprotective function and regulation of metabolic disorders, has not been studied yet, which sets the direction of further research in vivo models and clinical practice to confirm its effectiveness in humans.

The study of biological effects of different geographical origin goji berries in rats with alimentary hypercholesterolemia

In the berries of L. barbarum (China) and L. chinense (Kazakhstan), the composition of monosaccharides, the content of vitamins (D, E, C), minerals (Mg, Ca, Se), phenolic compounds and steroid substances as well as catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant activity was determined. Biological experiment lasted 186 days, it was carried out on Wistar rats, divided into intact (n=10) and experimental animals (n=48), in which alimentary hyperlipidemia was reproduced for 100 days (diet containing animal fats 5.0-19.0% and cholesterol 0.5-2.0%), further animals were divided in control rats with hyperlipidemia, consuming a standard diet (group 1) and experimental rats, which were supplemented for 86 days with L. barbarum (group 2) and L. chinense (group 3) in an amount of 20% of the diet carbohydrate component. On the 128th and 186th days of the experiment, rats' blood serum was analyzed for total protein, albumin, creatinine and urea, triacylglycerides, total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, malondialdehyde and the total antioxidant activity of blood serum was measured. L. chinense berries, which are characterized by a high content of phenolic compounds (20% higher than in L. barbarum berries), when administered to rats with alimentary hyperlipidemia on the 28th day, reduced the concentration of total cholesterol by 44.1% and low-density lipoproteins by 35.8% relative to control animals, on day 86 contributed to an increase in the concentration of high density lipoproteins to 79.6%. The effect of L. barbarum berries, characterized by an increase in high density lipoproteins in rat blood (by 62.3%), may be due to a higher content of vitamins C, E and selenium (35, 11 and 22% more than in L. chinense), the presence of phytosterols and phytostanols, in particular dodecanoic acid. The data obtained indicate a pronounced antioxidant effect of L. barbarum and L. chinense berries and the possibility of their use in the diet to correct lipid metabolism disorders.

Antioxidant status of blood in patients with vibration disease

Introduction. The overwhelming number of publications contains only data on the content of individual antioxidants, but not on the overall antioxidant activity of the blood in patients with vibration disease.The aim of the study was to determine the total antioxidant activity of blood serum in patients with vibration disease.Materials and methods. Th e main group consisted of 30 people diagnosed with “Vibration disease” of 1 degree (n=21) and 2 degrees (n=9). Th e control group consisted of 30 clinically healthy men, comparable in age with the main group (p=0.66). Th e total activity of antioxidant systems of blood plasma was evaluated photometrically using the test system “Total antioxidant status-Novo” (“Vector-best”, Russia).Results. The indicator of the total antioxidant status (TAS) was 1,038±0.232 mmol/l in the examined main group, against 1,456±0.225 mmol/l in the examined control group (p<0.000001). Th e coefficient of variation (CV) in patients with vibration disease was 22.35%, 1.45 times higher than in the control group (15.45%). In the main group there was a positive correlation between age and TAS (R=0.525), in the control group there was no such relationship (R=0.095). Th e degree of decrease depended on the severity of vibration disease.Conclusions. 1. The development of vibration disease is accompanied by a decrease in the antioxidant status of blood serum. 2. Th e degree of decrease in the antioxidant status of blood serum correlates with the severity of vibration disease. 3. Reduction of TAS can serve as a pathogenetic justification of the need to include drugs and/or biologically active additives with antioxidant activity in therapy

Lipid status and oxidative stress in menopausal women with obstructive apnea syndrome

to assess lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system parameters in peri - and postmenopausal women with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). 37 perimenopausal women and 43 postmenopausal ones were examined. OSAS diagnosis was made on the basis of the clinical picture and the polysomnography results. In perimenopause, the main group consisted of 18 women, in postmenopausal women - 17. All comparison groups are comparable by age and body mass index. Lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system parameters by spectrophotometric methods were determined. Non - parametric criteria were used to analyze the group differences for the independent samples. The increase of total cholesterol (TC) and low - density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were observed in perimenopausal women with OSAS as compared to control. The increase of TC, triacylglycerol (TG), LDL-C, very - low - density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels and decrease of high - density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-D) level were found in postmenopausal women with OSAS as compared to control. Accumulation of ketodienes and conjugated trienes in perimenopausal women with OSAS and thiobarbituric acid reactants with a decrease of total antioxidant activity of blood serum in postmenopausal women with OSAS as compared to control was observed. Moreover, postmenopausal women with OSAS have a higher lipid peroxidation substrates and diene conjugates levels with a lower α-tocopherol level and total antioxidant activity compared with perimenopausal patients.The integral indicator of oxidative stress assessment indicates an imbalance in the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in menopausal women with OSAS. The results obtained indicate a violation of lipid metabolism and the development of oxidative stress in patients with OSAS. This is most pronounced in the postmenopause due to the aggravation of the pathological condition.

Voltammetric analysis in blood serum in patients with severe combined trauma

Voltammetric analysis of antioxidant activity of blood serum in patients with severe combined trauma showed differences in favorable and adverse outcome groups. Based on the experimental data a criterion for assessing risk of adverse outcome in critically ill patients is proposed.

Change of antioxidant protection indicators in patients with osteoarthritis in the course of the treatment with a combined chondroprotective drug

Objective of the study. The study of changes in some parameters of the lipid peroxidation system - antioxidant protection, lipid spectrum in the course of the long-term therapy with the combined chondroprotective drug ARTRA in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) Methods. 24 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joints with 1-3 X-ray stage of the disease (Kellgren and Lawrence, 1957) at the age of 41.8 ± 6.1 years were included in an open prospective study to evaluate the effects of CCD. The following indicators in serum and erythrocytes were determined: initial products of LPO (diene conjugates (DC), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (KD and CT)) in the heptane and isopropanol phase (the method of I.A. Volchegorsky, et al, 1989); intermediates (thiobarbituric acid test modified by L.I. Andreeva, et al, 1988); catalase activity (the method of M.A. Korolyuk et al., 1988); antioxidant activity of plasma (the method of M. Promyslov, 1990); peroxide erythrocyte resistance (G.A. Yarovaya, 1987). The quantitative determination of serum total cholesterol, low-density, very-low-density, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides was carried out using the ready-made CORMEY standardized sets (Germany). The patients’ condition and laboratory parameters were evaluated before the study, in 12 and 24 weeks after CCD was taken. Changes in the examined indicators were documented after a 24-week course. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation processes in the form of a decrease in the primary products and intermediates in the serum and erythrocytes was established. The study showed an increase in antioxidant protection (increased activity of blood serum catalase and erythrocytes and total antioxidant activity of blood serum). The patients’ tests showed a decrease in the concentration of total cholesterol and cholesterols of low-density lipoproteins. Conclusion. The study demonstrated the positive impact of ARTRA on the LPO-antioxidant protection system and the lipid spectrum in patients with OA following the 24-week administration.

НАРУШЕНИЕ БАЛАНСА ВИТАМИНОВ У ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА В УСЛОВИЯХ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ

Vitamin deficiency among children in Russia is urgently issue. Chemical substances of technogenic origin are considered as a significant factor affecting the level of vitamin provision for children. The study aimed to analyze vitamin A, C, D, B6 and B12 level in the blood of 188 children aged 6 years attending pre-school educational institution located in the territory of a large industrial centre with determined concentration content of organic substances of technogenic origin (phenol, formaldehyde, ethylbenzene and chlorinated organic compounds) exceeding the hygienic standards in the ambient air, the air in pre-school educational institution and drinking water. Child diet was assessed. Besides, sampling and assessment of the quality of atmospheric air, indoor air and drinking water in pre-school educational institution were carried out. It was found that more than 75 % of children have a reduced level of vitamins in the blood, even under the provision of nutrition with vitamins at the level of physiological requirements and diet balance. The relation between the decrease in the vitamin level provision for children and high level of organic compounds in the blood of the children examined was revealed. A long-term intake of organic compounds with air and water leads to disorders of the antioxidant system, as evidenced by the decrease in the level of antioxidant enzymes (succinate dehydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase) and the level of total antioxidant activity of blood serum among children examined. Under chronic entering of chemical substances of technogenic origin and decrease in functional activity of the oxidative-antioxidant system enzyme link, the role of non-enzymatic reactions of antioxidant protection supported by vitamins increases that leads to their increased consumption. The vitamin deficiency is caused by their increased consumption under chronic toxicant load that requires a new approach when developing a set of measures aimed at preventing hypovitaminosis in children living under sanitary and hygienic disadvantage caused by the organic compound complex of technogenic origin in environmental objects. Key words: children; hypovitaminosis, chemical substances of technogenic

INTERRELATION OF PLATINUM ELECTRODE OPEN CIRCUIT POTENTIAL IN THE BLOOD PLASMA AND OXIDATIVE STRESS COEFFICIENT IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE POISONING BY CAUTERANT AGENTS

The relationship between the platinum electrode open circuit potential (OCP) in the blood plasma as an integral indicator of the balance of oxidation-reduction processes in the body with an oxidative stress coefficient (K) reflecting the balance of the lipid peroxidation and state of antioxidant system (LPO/AOS) in patients with acute poisoning by cauterant agents was investigated. The platinum electrode OCP in the blood plasma was measured using an original electrochemical technique. The oxidative stress coefficient was determined from the ratio of the malondialdehyde level to the total antioxidant activity of blood serum. The shift of the value of the platinum electrode OCP in blood plasma during the first 5-7 days towards the positive potential region coincided with the intensification of LPO processes and the decrease in total antioxidant activity of the blood serum. Sharp shift in the value of the platinum electrode OCP to the region of positive values (more than 25 mV) in patients with acute poisoning with cauterant agents coincides with the worsening of their condition. The data obtained during the monitoring of the platinum electrode OCP in blood plasma in patients with acute poisoning by cauterant agents allow to make a conclusion about the diagnostic capabilities of this technique for assessing the patient’s severity and correcting his treatment.

PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF VITAMIN DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AGE, SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC IMPACT OF CHEMICAL RISK ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

There was made a study of the blood content of vitamins A, C, D, B6 and B12 in 188 children aged 6-7 years attending pre-school educational institutions located on the territory of a large industrial center with environmental pollution of organic substances of man-made origin (atmospheric air: phenol, formaldehyde, ethylbenzene, drinking water: organochlorine compounds) in concentrations exceeding hygienic standards. It has been established that even with a balanced diet provided with vitamins at the level of physiological demands, more than 75% of children have a reduced blood level of vitamins. There has been revealed a relationship between the decline of the level of provision with vitamins and a high blood content of the studied organic compounds in children. Chronic both the aerogenic and peroral intake of phenol, formaldehyde, ethylbenzene of organochlorine compounds depletes the reserve of the antioxidant defense system, as evidenced by the established feedback of the blood content of the investigated organic compounds with the content of antioxidant profile enzymes (succinate dehydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase) and total antioxidant activity of blood serum. Under conditions of a decrease in the functional activity of the enzymes of the oxidation-antioxidant system, there is increased primarily carried out by vitamins, the role of non-enzymatic responses of the antioxidant protection, which is accompanied by an increased their consumption. The activation a mechanism for increased consumption of vitamins in conditions of chronic toxic load is the basis for the formation of a vitamin deficiency associated with the exposure to organic compounds of technogenic origin. At the same time, the progressive deficiency of vitamins creates the conditions for reducing the activity of biotransformation processes of chemical substances of technogenic origin and their accumulation in biological environments. The formation of interrelated processes (elevated levels of organic compounds in the blood of technogenic origin ↔ hypovitaminosis) as the pathogenetic basis of the progressive vitamin deficiency in children requires the development of new approaches to the prevention and treatment of hypovitaminosis in children living in conditions of sanitary and hygienic troubles associated with the presence of a complex of organic compounds of technogenic origin in objects of the environment.

Platinum electrode regeneration and quality control method for chronopotentiometric and chronoamperometric determination of antioxidant activity of biological fluids

The state of the indicator electrode surface, its quality control and regeneration methods play a major role in electroanalysis results. It is especially important in in the analysis of biological fluids and tissue, because the adsorption of biological matrix components may distort analytical signals and results of the analysis. This article describes an integrated approach to resolving the problem, which includes the selection of regeneration and quality control methods evaluation of availability of platinum screen-printed electrodes for chronopotentiometric and chronoamperometric analysis, as well as their use for determining antioxidant activity of blood serum and ejaculate. The electrodes are treated with solvents (acetone or ethanol) or subjected to annealing. Sources of information about the availability of electrodes for measurements are chronopotentiograms, chronoamperograms and cyclic voltammograms. For chronopotentiometric and chronoamperometric analyses, the most effective regeneration method is annealing at 750°C for 1h. Satisfactory regenerated platinum screen-printed electrodes are used as indicator electrodes for evaluating antioxidant activity of blood serum and ejaculate with the use of chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry. The role of indifferent electrolyte in analytical signal formation is considered. Composition of solution used for different biological fluids (blood serum/plasma, ejaculate) was optimized and unified. The obtained results demonstrate a strong correlation: r=0.91 for blood serum and r=0.80 for the ejaculate.

Free Radical Oxidation Induced by Iron Metabolism Disorder in Femoral and Pelvic Fractures and Potential for Its Correction

Objective: To determine the pathogenic significance of iron ions in the activation of free radical oxidation in trau matic disease and valuate the efficacy of Desferal in the complex therapy of patients with femoral and pelvic fractions. Materials and methods. Iron metabolism and the intensity of free radical oxidation have been studed in 30 patients with traumas. The patients were randomized into two groups by gender, age and the severity of injury. Group I (n=15) included the injured patients who received the standard intensive therapy. Group II (n=15) included the patients who were treated with Desferal of 8 mg/kg twice daily in 12 hours along with the intensive therapy. The control group comprized of 10 healthy individuals of the same age. The concentration of total and free hemoglobine, serum iron, transferrin, total antioxidant activity of blood serum, the intensity of free radical oxida tion by the Fe2+induced chemiluminescence and hemostatic parameters were studied on admittance as well as on 3rd and 5th day of hospitalization. The parameters of sistemic hemodyamics were checked by integral rheovasog raphy. Statistical processing of data was carried out using Biostat and MS Excel software. The results were pre sented as a mean and standart deviation (M±δ). The Student’s (t) and MannWhitney tests were used to prove the hypotheses. The critical level of significance was P=0.05. Results. It was determined that the disorders of iron metabolism in patients with traumatic disease were accompanied by intra and extravascular hemolysis, the excess off reduced iron ions catalizing the free radical oxidation, and failure of antioxidant system and disorders of hemostatic system and central hemodynamics. Desferal lowered the level of reduced iron in blood serum, diminished the intensity of free radical oxidation and eliminated the disorders in hemostasis and systemic hemodynamics. Conclusion. Data confirm the pathogenic role of iron ions in the development of traumatic disease and demon strate the potential of Desferal to correct the traumainduced alterations of oxidantantioxidant system in patients with femoral and pelvic fractions.

Antioxidant status in peri- and postmenopausal women

Menopause is a risk factor for oxidative stress. The aim of our study is to assess antioxidant system parameters (α-tocopherol, retinol, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant activity) in peri- and postmenopausal women. The antioxidant defense activity by estimation of total antioxidant activity, α-tocopherol, retinol, oxidized and reduced glutathione levels was studied in women of reproductive age (n=37), in perimenopausal (n=41) and postmenopausal women (n=41). In our study we used spectrofluorofotometer methods. Statistical analysis was performed by non-parametric tests with p<0.05 as the level of significance. The results of our study showed the decrease of α-tocopherol and retinol concentrations and the increase of oxidized glutathione level in blood serum both in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, the total antioxidant activity of blood serum was decreased in postmenopausal women only. The results of our study demonstrate that decrease of antioxidant defense system resources depends on the menopausal phase.

Siofor influence on the process of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status at patients with metabolic syndrome

The purpose of the work is to research siofor influence (metformin) on the activity of the process of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity of blood serum at patients with metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods — 62 patients with metabolic syndrome at the age from 30 till 60 were examined and treated by siofor (1700 mg per day) during a year. The process of lipid peroxidation was studied due to the level of lipid hydroperoxide of blood serum. Antioxidant capacity was based on the antioxidant reaction in the blood serum with definite number of exogenic hydrogen dioxide (mkmole/l) with the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results — Intensification of process of lipid peroxidation has been observed at patients with metabolic syndrome — the level of lipid hydroperoxide of blood serum has been 2.9 (1.9, 3.9) mkM (presented as median and interquartile range), antioxidant activity of blood serum has been decreased — 276.4 (239.0, 379.9) mkmole/l. In 12 months of siofor intake hydroperoxide level has been decreased till 1.1 (0.8, 1.9) mkМ, but antioxidant activity has been increased and amounted 320.0 (278.9, 334.3) mkmole/l. Conclusion — Siofor has been proved to be a highly effective medicine for correction of process of lipid peroxidation and for improvement of antioxidant activity of blood serum at patients with metabolic syndrome.