Antioxidant Activities Of Acetone Extracts Research Articles

Phlogacanthus cornutus: chemical profiles and antioxidant effects

Phlogacanthus cornutus is a rare species and the chemical profiles and the bioactivities of this plant are unknown. In present study, the chemical components of the acetone extract as well as the antioxidant activity of acetone extract and its fractions such as n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate of P. cornutus were firstly reported. A total of 33 constituents were identify in the acetone extract of this plant using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry assay, in which trans-cinnamic acid (21.26%), neophytadiene (6.36%), linolenic acid (5.86%), dihydroagathic acid (5.71%), n-hexadecanoic acid (5.53%), phytol (4.14%) and cis-cinnamic acid (3.23%) were the major compounds. The acetone extract and its fractions such as n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate of P. cornutus showed DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 234.31, 185.95, 758.65 and 458.52 µg/mL respectively.

Screening of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Acetone Extracts of Heritiera fomes Whole Plant against Pathogens

Background: Phytochemicals are well known to have many important pharmaceutical properties. Heritiera fomes grows in low saline environments. The present study was initiated to explore the biologically beneficial properties of H. fomes. Methods: The crude extracts of H. fomes were extracted in acetone by orbital shaker and concentrated using rota evaporator. Total flavonoid content and Total phenolic content were estimated spectrophotometrically and the in-vitro antioxidant capacity was estimated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) Scavenging Assays. Anti-microbial activity was determined by Disc diffusion method. Results: Phytochemical screening of acetone extract of H. fomes showed the presence of major classes of phytochemicals like alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, phenols and sterols in considerable quantity. The total amount of phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be 75.3 mg GAE/g dry weight and 61.3 mg QE/g dry weight respectively. Antioxidant activity of plant extract determined by using different assays like H2O2 radical scavenging, DPPH and FRAP. A positive correlation between all the pairs of antioxidant assays was observed. Further, antimicrobial activity against various pathogens was evaluated by disc diffusion method where the zone of inhibitions were found to be in range from 5± 0.35 to 12 ± 0.50 mm. Conclusion: The study concludes that the plant Heritiera fomes has its effect in scavenging free radicals and has a potential to be a power antioxidant. Several in-vitro studies possess significant antioxidant, antimicrobial activities. The present study plays an important tool for new drug discovery.

Carotenoids from persimmon juice processing

The aim of this study was the use and revalorization of two persimmon by-products A and B generated in the juice production process. The by-product B resulting from a pectinase enzymatic treatment of peels and pulp to optimize juice extraction was especially suitable for recovery of valuable bioactive carotenoids. The extraction solvents and solvent combinations used were: ethanol, acetone, ethanol/acetone (50:50 v/v) and ethanol/acetone/hexane (25:25:50 v/v/v). HPLC-DAD analysis detected and identified a total of nine individual carotenoids namely violaxanthin, neoxanthin, antheraxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin 5,6-epoxide, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene. β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene represented 49.2% and 13.2% of the total carotenoid content (TCC) in the acetone extract from by-product B. TCC contributed greatly to antioxidant activity of acetone extract derived from this by-product. Pectinase enzymatic treatment of persimmon peels and pulp followed by absolute acetone extraction of carotenoids could be an efficient method to obtain a rich extract in these compounds that could be used as nutraceutical ingredient.

Sex-related differences in essential oil composition, phenol contents and antioxidant activity of aerial parts in Pistacia lentiscus L. during seasons

Essential oil composition, total phenolic, flavonoid and condensed tannin contents were assessed in different aerial parts of the same females and males of Pistacia lentiscus over four harvesting times. Marked quantitative and qualitative in terpenic and phenolic composition depending on sex, plant part and collecting periods were observed. At the species level, the main major compounds of essential oils in the leaves and stems were α-limonene, α-pinene, germacrene-D and β-myrcene with female plant stems being rich in these compounds. Male flowers produced highest amounts of α-terpinen-4-ol and β-caryophyllene, whereas, fruits accumulate the highest level of β-myrcene. α-limonene and germacrene-D reached their highest contents at fruiting in females and at flowering in males. The highest total phenolic, flavonoid and condensed tannin contents were higher in male leaves and flowers, with marked decreasing of contents from the vegetative to the ripening period. The antioxidant activity of acetonic extracts assessed by the DPPH and FRAP assays differs significantly among aerial plant parts. The lowest averages of IC50 were observed in leaves at the vegetative and the flowering stages, respectively. The ferric reducing antioxidant ability (FRAP) for leaves and stems differs between sexes and organs with male extracts taken during the vegetative and flowering stages being more active. The revealed differences in chemicals and antioxidant activities among genders, organs and phenological stages should help to the optimization of P. lentiscus use in industrial and pharmaceutical fields according to the variation of its chemical composition.

Seasonal variation of antioxidant activity and phenolic content of Pseudevernia furfuracea, Evernia prunastri and Ramalina farinacea from Morocco

Abstract The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of environmental conditions on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of acetone extracts of thalli of Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf, Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. and Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. harvested in the Middle Atlas (MA) in Morocco during autamn, summer, spring, and winter. The antioxidant activity was performed in vitro by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging method. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents of all the extracts were also determined. These extracts showed significant antioxidant activity, which varied relatively from one species to another and also depended on the season of collection. A significant relationship between the antioxidant capacity and total phenolics content was found. Higher values of antioxidant activity and polyphenols content of all species were registered in late winter and spring. The acetone extract of Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. showed the highest DPPH scavenging activity with IC50 = 498 ± 44 µg/mL and the highest total phenolic content (TPC = 328 ± 27 μg GAE/mg of dry extract). Our study showed that harvesting season had significant effect on phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the studied lichen species and their harvesting should be done during spring season to achieve better antioxidant potential.

In vitro and in silico anticancer effect of combined crude acetone extracts of Plumbago zeylanica L., Limonia acidissima L. and Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam

Abstract Objective The aim of the present work was to study the anticancer activity of acetone extracts of Plumbago zeylanica L., Limonia acidissima L. and Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), in vitro and in silico molecular docking analyses were also carried out. Methods The Combined Crude Acetone Extract (CCAE) had exhibited antimicrobial activity in our earlier studies. Hence this was selected for further studies. The CCAE was prepared and analyzed for antioxidant property, brine shrimp lethality and cytotoxicity using standard methods The phytochemical analysis of CCAE was done using GC–MS. In silico molecular docking was done using Autodock Vina for receptors relevant to cancer. Results The antioxidant activity of acetone extract for ABTS, DPPH and Superoxide radical scavenging showed significant scavenging activities of 62.85%, 54.38% and 32.69% respectively. The brine shrimp toxicity of the acetone extract after 24 h exposure showed an LD50 value of 0.157 mg/ml. The MTT assay revealed that acetone extract had an antiproliferative activity towards MCF7 and NIH/3T3 cell lines with IC50 values of 43.27 and 69.88 μg/ml respectively. The acetone extract was analyzed using GC–MS which showed the presence of with a number of active compounds. In silico results revealed significant interaction of ten compounds binding with eight receptors present in breast cancer cells such as CDK2, P21, P53, Caspases 3, 8 and 9, Bcl2 and ER-α. Among all the eight receptors docked with ten ligands, the amino acids GLN 388 and ASN 335 caspases 8 showed a significant binding energy of −8.5 kcal/mol towards Hexadecanoic acid, 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-ethanediyl ester ligand. Conclusion The CCAE showed significant antioxidant activity, brine shrimp toxicity and anticancer activity. The GC–MS analysis revealed with a number of active compounds; the binding energy was high in several ligands for certain cancer receptors. The CCAE should be further investigated in the context of breast cancer and synergistic activities of its constituents.

Ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenols and their distribution in whole mung bean, hull and cotyledon.

In this study, extraction of polyphenols using different solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol and water) with ultrasound and conventional method from whole mung bean (WMB), hull and cotyledon was conducted. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), total antioxidant activities (TAA), ferric reducing power (FRP) and DPPH radical scavenging activity were determined. Ultrasound treated extracts exhibited higher TPC, TFC, TAA, FRP and DPPH in different mung bean fractions than CSE. Among the solvents, acetone showed better TPC, TFC, TAA, FRP and DPPH. Hull had significantly higher TPC, TFC, TAA, FRP and DPPH than WMB and cotyledon. Sinapic acid (SA) was the major polyphenol in different fractions. Acetone extract of hull showed high polyphenol content. SA, ferulic acid, catechin, p-coumaric acid, resveratrol, quercetin and luteolin were the major contributors to antioxidant activity of acetone extract. Mung bean hull contained the maximum polyphenols and acetone was observed to be the best extraction medium for polyphenols in combination with ultrasound.

Cytotoxic activity of physodic acid and acetone extract from Hypogymnia physodes against breast cancer cell lines

Context: Lichens produce specific secondary metabolites with different biological activity.Objective: This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of physodic acid, in addition to the total phenolic content and cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of acetone extract from Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. (Parmeliaceae).Materials and methods: Cytotoxicity of physodic acid (0.1–100 μM) was assessed in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and T-47D breast cancer cell lines and a nontumorigenic MCF-10A cell line using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, neutral red uptake and crystal violet assays during 72 h of incubation. An MTT assay was also used to assess the cytotoxic effects of the acetone extract (0.1–100 μg/mL) in the MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, T-47D breast cancer cell lines after 72 h. The total phenolic content of the acetone extract, expressed as the gallic acid equivalent, was investigated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays.Results: The cytotoxic activity of physodic acid appeared to be strong in the tumorigenic cell lines (IC50 46.0–93.9 μM). The compound was inactive against the nontumorigenic MCF-10A cell line (IC50 >100 μM). The acetone extract showed cytotoxicity in the breast cancer cell lines (IC50 46.2–110.4 μg/mL). The acetone extract was characterized by a high content of polyphenols, and it had significant antioxidant activity.Discussion and conclusion: Physodic acid and acetone extract from H. physodes displayed cytotoxic effects in the breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, acetone extract from H. physodes possessed significant antioxidant properties.

The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of 25 plant species used traditionally to treat pain in southern African.

BackgroundInflammation is a common risk factor in the pathogenesis of conditions such as infections, arthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cancer. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used traditionally to treat inflammation and related disorders such as pain, arthritis and stomach aches in southern Africa led to the selection of 25 plant species used in this study.MethodsThe antioxidant activities of acetone extracts were determined by measuring the free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing ability, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were determined by measuring the inhibitory effect of the extracts on the activities of the pro-inflammatory enzyme, lipoxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase.ResultsExtracts of Peltophorum africanum had good antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 4.67 ± 0.31 μg/mL and 7.71 ± 0.36 μg/mL compared to that of the positive control ascorbic acid (2.92 ± 0.14 μg/mL and 13.57 ± 0.44 μg/mL), using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) methods, respectively. The metabolism of linoleic acid to leukotriene derivatives by 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) was also inhibited by the crude acetone extracts of Peltophorum africanum (IC50 = 12.42 μg/mL), Zanthoxylum capense (IC50 = 14.92 μg/mL) compared to the positive control quercetin (IC50 = 8.75 μg/mL). There was a poor correlation between the flavonoid content and 15-LOX inhibition by the extracts (R2 = 0.05), indicating that flavonoids are not involved in LOX inhibition. Extracts of Clausena anisata, at a concentration of 6.25 μg/mL inhibited nitric oxide production by RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines in vitro by 96 %. The extracts of Zanthoxylum capense were the least cytotoxic (IC50 > 1000 μg/mL) when the extract toxicity was determined against Vero (African green Monkey) kidney cell lines.ConclusionSome plant species used traditionally to treat pain have reasonable anti-inflammatory activity and flavonoids are probably not involved in this process.

<i>In Vitro</i> Antioxidant Activity Metaplexis Japonica Makino Extract and Derivatives

Antioxidant activities of acetone and ethyl acetate extracts from Metaplexis japonica Makino, one of famous medicine plants in the eastnorth region of China, named luomo in Chinese, were examined by a DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging assay and a β-carotene-linoleic acid test. In DPPH, the antioxidant activity of the acetone extracts, ethyl acetate extracts and derivative were IC50 were 313.21, 266.92 and 118.78μg/mL, respectively. In the β-carotene-linoleic acid test, IC50 were 285.09, 351.57 and 123.89μg/mL. It was concluded that Metaplexis japonica Makino and its derivatives might be a potential natural source of antioxidants .

Mesquite leaves (Prosopis laevigata), a natural resource with antioxidant capacity and cardioprotection potential

The antioxidant activity of acetone extracts and purified fractions from Prosopis laevigata leaves were evaluated as well its cardioprotection potential in vitro. Mezquite leaves were dewaxed with petroleum ether and extracted with aqueous acetone (70%); the polar extract was purified in Sep-Pak® Cartridges and their fractions evaluated. Significant differences among fractions and crude extracts were found in total phenolic content (Folin Ciocalteu), antioxidant capacity by scavenging hydroxyl and DPPH radical assays. Purified fractions showed antihypertensive effects inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme and cardioprotection inhibiting low density lipoprotein oxidation. The HPLC profile displayed phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, catechin, gallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, rutin, and luteolin that may explain these antioxidant and biological properties. Mesquite leaves can be a source of bioactive phenolics as nutraceutical ingredients.

Antioxidant Activity of Schisandra Chinensis Extract and Derivatives

Antioxidant activities of acetone and methyl ethyl ketone extracts from leaves of Schisandra chinensis, one of traditional Chinese medicine consumed in the eastnorth region of China, were examined by a DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging assay and a β-carotene-linoleic acid test. In DPPH, the antioxidant activity of the acetone extracts, methyl ethyl ketone extracts and derivative were superior to that of control with IC50 were 256.54, 342.28 and 124.32μg/mL, respectively. In the β-carotene-linoleic acid test, IC50 were 278.29, 384.12 and 145.25μg/mL. It was concluded that Schisandra chinensis and its derivatives might be a potential natural source of antioxidants.

Changes in essential oil composition and phenolic fraction in Rosmarinus officinalis L. var. typicus Batt. organs during growth and incidence on the antioxidant activity

Rosmarinus officinalis var. typicus Batt. essential oils and acetonic extracts were isolated from different organs at different growth stages of branches developed after decapitation of the main stem apices of clonal plants. Oils assessed by GC–MS were present in high concentration (1.23 and 1.43%) in leaves being collected during the vegetative and flowering stages. Significant variations of component contents were observed according rather to organs than to phenological stages of branches. 1.8-Cineole (35.8%) was the main constituent in leaves, while, β-caryophyllene (16.7%) was identified as the main constituent for stems. Flowers were characterized by high levels of caryophyllene oxide (11.9%). The discrepancy could be due, either to differential oil accumulation or physiological and biochemical interactions within and among organs during morphogenesis.Total polyphenols (4.8–37.4%), flavonoids (3.0–28.5%) and condensed tannins (0.2–2.4%) were identified in all plant parts. The total polyphenols and condensed tannins were more accumulated in leaves (28.6 and 24.0mg EAG/g DW) and their concentration was high at the vegetative and fruiting stages, suggesting that flowering contribute to the modification of their accumulation. The amounts of flavonoids in leaves and stems (14.7–17.5mg ER/g DW) did not vary significantly in course of time. The level of antioxidant activity of acetonic extracts estimated by DPPH and FRAP test systems was high for leaf and stem extracts isolated at the flowering stage. Compared to the acetonic extracts, essential oils exhibited lower antioxidant activity.

Effects of solvent type on phenolics and flavonoids content and antioxidant activities in Onosma dichroanthum Boiss.

In our research, 8 kinds of solvents extracts from roots of Onosma dichroanthum Boiss. were used to examine the effects of extraction solvent on total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF) , total anthocyanin (TA) content and antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reducing power (RP) and antioxidant activity (AA) were determined spectrophotometrically. Results showed that extraction solvent had significant effects on TP, TF, TA content and antioxidant activity of acetone extract. The highest content of TP, TF and TA were found in acetone extracts. The TP varied from 4.5 ± 0.7 to 125.6 ± 3.01 mgGAE g -1 dry weight, TF contents were between 9.8 ± 3 to 41 ± 2.3 mgQUE g-1and TA were 11.5± 3.4 to 47.8± 6.8 mgECGgr-1. Effective concentration (EC50) (antioxidant activity) in TAC, RP and 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods were measured at 0.495, 0.844 mg/ml and 4.21 mg dw, respectively and the amount of antioxidant activity (AA%) reported was 38.02%. The greater amount of phenolic compounds which leads to more potent radical scavenging effect was shown by acetone extract. Additionally, amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities increased in acetone extract. Thus, a positive correlation existed between antioxidant activity and their total phenolic content. Acetone solvent showed the greatest capability in extracting antioxidants and inhibiting the free radicals produced. Key words: Solvents, total phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH), Onosma dichroanthum Boiss.

Antioxidant Activity of <i>Acanthopanax senticosus</i> Extract and Derivatives

Antioxidant activities of acetone and methanol extracts from leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus, one of traditional Chinese medicine consumed in the eastnorth region of China, were examined by a DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging assay and a β-carotene-linoleic acid test. In DPPH, the antioxidant activity of the acetone extracts, methanol extracts and derivative were superior to that of control with IC50 were 298.58, 360.16 and 142.21μg/mL, respectively. In the β-carotene-linoleic acid test, IC50 were 305.37, 400.39 and 156.69μg/mL. It was concluded that Acanthopanax senticosus and its derivatives might be a potential natural source of antioxidants.

<i>In Vitro</i> Antioxidant Activity of <i>Camellia japonica</i> L

Antioxidant activities of acetone and methanol extracts from stems and leaves of Camellia japonica L, one of traditional Chinese medicine consumed in the eastnorth region of China, were examined by a DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging assay and a β-carotene-linoleic acid test. In the DPPH system, the antioxidant activity of the acetone extracts was superior to that of the methanol extracts, with IC50 values were 246.56 and 320.17μg/mL, respectively. In the β-carotene-linoleic acid test, the inhibition ratio of the acetone extracts was found to be the higher, compared with the methanol extracts, with IC50 values were 258.19 and 396.88 μg/mL In general, the methanol extract showed greater activity than the acetone extract in both systems, such results might be attributed to the effects of the components of the methanol extract. It was concluded that Camellia japonica L might be a potential natural source of antioxidants.