Antioxidant Activity Of Oil Research Articles

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil of Leucas lanata

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil of Leucas lanata

Essential Oil Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Leaf Micromorphology of Five Tunisian Eucalyptus Species.

Eucalyptus species have been widely employed in the projects of reforestation in Tunisia. Although their ecological functions are controversial, these plants are indeed important to counteract soil erosion, and represent a fast-growing source of fuelwood and charcoal wood. In the present study, we considered five Eucalyptus species, namely Eucalyptus alba, E. eugenioides, E. fasciculosa, E. robusta, and E. stoatei cultivated in the Tunisian Arboreta. The aim was to carry out the micromorphological and anatomical characterization of the leaves, the extraction and phytochemical profile of the essential oils (EOs), and the evaluation of their biological properties. Four of the EOs showed the prevalence of eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) varying from 64.4 to 95.9%, whereas a-pinene predominated in E. alba EO (54.1%). These EOs showed in vitro antioxidant activity, and reduced the oxidative cellular stress as shown by their activity on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and modulation of the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) and heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox-1). Moreover, the EOs inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), showing anti-inflammatory activity. The data collected suggest that these EOs may be considered a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammation-based diseases and may represent an additional value for the economy of Tunisia.

A comparative study on antioxidant activity of propolis ethanolic extract and oil from different agroclimatic regions of Eastern India

Propolis is a honey bee product with a rich source of natural antioxidants due to its flavonoids and phenolic acids. Propolis has broad biological effects such as dysentery, eye diseases, wound healing, fever, ulcer, skin rashes, scorpion stings, oral infections, diarrhea, liver disorders, etc., and has been used as folk medicine since ancient times. The primary objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant potency of propolis oils from various agroclimatic regions. The in vitroantioxidant activity of different agroclimatic regions of propolis oils and the ethanolic extracts were studied using DPPH, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, and ABTS assay. This research found that propolis oil from South Eastern Ghat had a higher antioxidant activity with IC50 values for DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals were 120.74 ± 2.83, 15.24 ± 0.74, and 34.30 ± 1.95 μg/mL, respectively. While propolis ethanolic extract from North Eastern Coastal Plain showed a higher radical scavenging effect with IC50 values for DPPH, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radical were 123.12 ± 3.10, 28.07 ± 0.67, and 26.24 ± 0.79 μg/mL, respectively. According to the findings, the ABTS assay revealed more potent antioxidant activity in propolis than other methods. As a result, it was found that propolis oil has the highest antioxidant activity than the propolis ethanolic extract, and it can be used as a potent natural antioxidant source.

Essential oil composition of yarrow species (Achillea Millefolium l. and Achillea Wilhelmsii l.): antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils

Essential oil composition of yarrow species (Achillea Millefolium l. and Achillea Wilhelmsii l.): antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils

Chemical Composition, Enantiomeric Distribution and Biological Activity of Essential Oil from Morella pubescens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Wilbur.

The species Morella pubescens, commonly known as wax laurel, is a tree belonging to the Myricaceae family that can be found from Costa Rica to Bolivia. In this study, the chemical composition, enantiomeric distribution, and biological activity of essential oil isolated from the leaves of this species was determined. Hydrodistillation was used to isolate the essential oil (EO). Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to determine the qualitative composition, gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector was used to determine quantitative composition, and gas chromatography on an enantioselective column was used to determine enantiomeric distribution. The broth microdilution method was employed to assess the antibacterial capacity of the essential oil against seven opportunistic microorganisms, including three Gram-positive cocci bacteria, a Gram-positive bacilli bacterium and three Gram-negative bacilli bacteria. 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydryl free radical were used as reagents to determine the antioxidant activity of essential oil. The spectrophotometric method was used to analyze the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect of the essential oil. The extraction method afforded a low yield of around 0.076 ± 0.008% (v/w). Fifty-eight chemical compounds, which represent 97.9% of the total composition, were identified in the essential oil. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the most representative group with 24 compounds (67.8%). The principal constituents were (E)-caryophyllene (27.5 ± 1.3%), limonene (11.8 ± 0.6%), δ-selinene (9.1 ± 0.2%), β-selinene (8.0 ± 0.2%), selina-3,7(11)-diene (5.3 ± 0.2%) and germacrene B (5.0 ± 0.5%). Three pairs of enantiomers were identified in the essential oil of Morella pubescens. Essential oil presented strong activity against the bacterium Enterococcus faecium (ATCC 27270) with an MIC of 250 μg/mL. The antioxidant activity of essential oil was very strong in the ABTS method with an SC50 of 46.4 ± 1.0 µg/mL and was strong in the DPPH method with an SC50 of 237.1 ± 1.8 µg/mL. Additionally, the essential oil reported strong anticholinesterase activity with an IC50 of 133.5 ± 1.06 µg/mL.

Quality parameters of olive oils at different ripening periods as affected by olive fruit fly infestation and olive anthracnose

Olive pests and diseases influence olive oil quality. Ayvalik olive cultivar is important between local cultivars grown in Turkey. This study aimed to monitor the effects of olive pests and diseases (olive fruit fly attack and olive anthracnose) on Ayvalik olive oil quality parameters such as free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), specific extinction coefficients (K232, K270, and ΔK). Besides, Ayvalik olive fruits were collected at six harvest times, and the level of ripening with olive pests was also evaluated. Results showed that the FFA level influenced negatively by olive pests, mainly olive anthracnose. At the end of harvesting, FFA of oils from damaged olive anthracnose reached up to 5.42 (% oleic acid). Except for the first harvest period, the other quality parameters remained between limit values, and slight differences were observed between healthy and damaged olives. At the first harvest period, PV and K232 (7.02 mEq O2/kg, 2.22) of olive oil from fly-infected olive had higher values than the other samples. The stage of ripening, healthy, and damaged olives affected slightly certain fatty acids of the oils. Total phenolics, o-diphenol, and α-tocopherol content of oils from healthy fruits had higher values than oils from damaged olives. Besides, the antioxidant activity of oils obtained from healthy olives showed higher values compared to the oils from infected olive fruits.

Effect of oil pressing and packaging under oxygen-free conditions on yield, oxidative stability, antioxidant activity, and physicochemical characteristics of perilla oil

Perilla seeds for obtaining oils were pressed at vacuum levels of 101.33 (control) and 2.67 kPa using a specially designed vacuum container and packaging device. This work investigates the effect of the presence of oxygen on viscosity, oxidative stability, fatty acid composition, and volatile compounds during a 6-month storage. The acid and peroxide values for the control oil increased by 12.80 and 30.76 fold, respectively, but did not change over time for the perilla oil stored in vacuum. Eight volatile compounds related to oxidation were detected as the control oil became rancid. Some of these compounds were present in small amounts or not at all in the vacuum oil. In conclusion, our results show that oxygen-free pressed oil and packaging are excellent in preserving the physicochemical properties, and oxidative stability in perilla oils.

Comparison of the Essential Oil Content, Constituents and Antioxidant Activity from Different Plant Parts during Development Stages of Wild Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

The study was conducted to determine fennel essential oil (FEO) yield, composition, and antioxidant activity during four different maturation stages of umbels with seeds (1st stage: immature-pasty; 2nd stage: premature-waxy; 3rd stage: mature-fully ripe; and 4th stage: seeds only), and leaves of wild fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare) from the Montenegro coast. The maximum oil yield was found in premature umbels at the waxy stage (4.76 mL/100 g p.m.) and in fully ripe umbels in the early fruiting stage (5.16 mL/100 g p.m.). Fully ripe seeds contained the lowest FEO (mL/100 g p.m.). The minimum FEO content was found in leaves (0.67%). (E)-anethole (64%), α-phellandrene (11.0%), and fenchone (4.8%) were found to be the main components of the essential oil from immature fennel umbels. (E)-anethole (72.3%), fenchone (9.6%) and methyl chavicol (9.5%) were found to be the main components of the essential oil from premature fennel umbels. (E)-anethole (71.6%), fenchone (10.7%) and methyl chavicol (10.3%) were found to be the main components of the essential oil from mature fully ripe fennel umbels. Fennel seeds were rich in (E)-anethole (75.5%) and fenchone (13.7%). FEO from fennel leaves contained (E)-anethole (32.5%), α-phellandrene (18.8%), p-cymene (17.3%), and β-phellandrene (10.3%) as the main compounds. The antioxidant activity of FEO decreases from leaves (12.37 mg/mL) to seeds (37.20 mg/mL). The degree of DPPH radical neutralization increased with the incubation time. Fennel umbels can be harvested before the fully ripe stage, i.e., at the waxy stage, which considerably reduces seed shedding and losses and increases the essential oil yield.

Combined Effects of Domestication and Extraction Technique on Essential Oil Yield, Chemical Profiling, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

We aimed at comparing the effects of domestication and extraction technique on the chemical profiling and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (ROEO). This was isolated from wild (WR) and cultivated rosemary (CR) using microwave-assisted extraction (ME) and Clevenger hydrodistillation (CH). Domestication was the main variability source in ROEO constituents, while yield was equally determined by domestication and extraction techniques. Our results revealed important variations, owing to domestication and isolation technique, in terms of ROEO yield (1.10–2.85%), major compounds: α-pinene (14.07–42.03%), camphene (2.26–8.19%), β-pinene (0.35–3.76%), α-terpinene (0.55–2.92%), p-cymene (1.22–4.18%), limonene (0.64–2.79%), 1,8-cineole (31.73–40.72%), β-myrcene (2.09–3.2%), linalool (0.22–1.94%), camphor (12.12–19.66%), borneol (0.53–1.67%), and α-terpineol (1.46–7.45%) as well as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC, 6.17–15.50 μg/mL), and antioxidant activity (IC50, 2.61–8.58 mg/mL). WR performed better in terms of yield, limonene, cineole, camphor, MIC, and IC50, while the remaining compounds were better expressed in CR. ME displayed high records of ROEO traits except for limonene, camphor, and verbenone (better expressed in CH). Principal component analysis confirmed the obtained findings via the separation of WR, CR, and techniques through the first two components (over 93% of data variability). In conclusion, R. officinalis domestication results in differentiated effects on ROEO traits, fostering a better accumulation of some compounds but reducing yield of other compounds and therefore antioxidant along with antimicrobial activity. ME could be recommended as a green method for ROEO isolation since it was more efficient in terms of the investigated ROEO traits.

Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) skin, a by‐product of hazelnut industry, possesses oil with high oxidative and thermal stabilities

SummaryDue to its high antioxidant capacity, hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) skin oil has recently gained great attention. However, its thermal and oxidative characteristics have not been elucidated yet. Here, we determined the thermal and oxidative properties, antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition of hazelnut skin oil (HSO) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), spectrophotometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, respectively, and compared those with the oils from natural and roasted hazelnuts. HSO was found to have significantly higher proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acid, compared with oils from natural and roasted hazelnut. HSO had the lowest melting point. Moreover, HSO revealed higher oxidative stability, which can be attributed to its greater antioxidant capacity. These findings indicate that hazelnut skin, a by‐product of hazelnut industry, has potential to be utilised in hazelnut oil industry to produce oil possessing high oxidative and thermal stability.

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Insect Properties of Boswellia carterii Essential Oil for Food Preservation Improvement

Boswellia carterii, known as frankincense, is a fragrant medicinal plant. The essential oil from this plant is often used in traditional medicine or aromatherapy. Due to its positive properties, it has potential applications as an antimicrobial agent in medicine and the food industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-insect, and antioxidant activities of frankincense essential oil (FEO). The composition of volatile compounds was determined by GC/MS, and the main components were found to be α-pinene (37.0%), α-limonene (19.8%), and p-cymene (6.3%). The antioxidant activity was evaluated with DPPH and ABTS methods with the resulting inhibition of 73.88 ± 0.35% of DPPH radical (6.27 ± 0.17 TEAC) and 97.09 ± 0.48% of ABTS radical cation (5.21 ± 0.07 TEAC). The antimicrobial activity was the strongest against Candida species with inhibition zones in the range of 38.00–44.00 mm and MIC 50 and MIC 90 values of 11.72 and 12.58 μL/mL, respectively. The inhibition activity of the vapor phase was the highest against G+ and G− bacteria growing on a carrot with inhibition ranging from 65.14 to 93.67%. The anti-insect activity against O. lavaterae was determined as 100% at 100% concentration and 50% at 25% concentration. The degradation of biofilm was tested with MALDI-TOF MS, and changes in the protein profile were observed.

Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Two Umbel Maturity Stages of Wild Carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. carota) from Montenegro

The purpose of this study was to determine essential oil yield, composition, and antioxidant activity during two different maturation stages of umbels with seeds(I stage: premature–waxy; and II stage: mature–fully ripening) of wild carrot (Daucus carrota var. carota) from the Montenegrin coast. A higher yield of carrot essential oil (CEO) was determined in mature, fully ripening umbels (1.96 mL/100 g p.m) than in premature umbels at the waxy stage (mL/100 g p.m). Thirty-three components were identified in premature umbels, with β-bisabolene (32.3%), 11-α-(H)-himachal-4-en-1-β-ol (27.9%), elemicin (10.1%), and α-longipipene (7.7%) being the main components. They were followed by α-pinene (3.7%), (E)-asarone (3.4%), (E)-anethole (3.2%), and β-himachalene (2.0%). Thirty-two components were identified in CEO from mature umbels, with β-bisabolene (41.0%), 11-α-(H)-himachal-4-en-1-β-ol(21.1%), elemicin (14.8%), andα-longipipene (5.7%) being the most abundant. These components were followed by (E)-asarone (3.9%), cis-α-bisabolene (2.4%), and β-himachalene (2.0%). The CEO isolated from mature umbelsshowed better antioxidant activity (EC50 value of 31.80 mg/mL) in comparison to the CEO isolated from premature umbels (EC50 value of 49.18 mg/mL) during the incubation time of 60 min. The degree of DPPH radical neutralization increased as the incubation time increased from 20 to 60 min. Therefore, our findings recommend that wild carrot could be harvested in the fully ripening stage when the umbel improves CEO yield and antioxidant activity, without the risk of seed shedding from the umbel and seed losses.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from the Fresh and Dried Seeds of Lanxangia tsao-ko grown in Nghe An, Vietnam

Lanxangia tsao-ko has been used in traditional oriental medicine to treat malaria, abdominal pain, digestive disorders, and inflammation-related diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the volatile composition and evaluate the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of L. tsao-ko fresh and dried seed essential oils (EOs) grown in Vietnam. The EOs of L. tsao-ko seeds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed thatthe major constituents of the seed essential oils were 1,8-cineole, α-citral, tetracyclo[3.3.1.0.1(3,9)]decan-10-one, α-phellandrene, and β-citral. The TPC ranged from 1.47mg GAE/g EO in EOs of fresh seeds to 1.70 mg GAE/g EO in EOs of dried seeds. The EOs extracted from fresh and dried seeds could scavenge DPPH with IC50 values of 68.79 and 56.44 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the EOs were shown to be active against E. faecalis, S. aureus, cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. .enterica, and C. albicans (with MIC = 32-128 µg/mL). The results generally indicated significant differences in chemical composition and bioactivities between EOs obtained from fresh and dried seeds. The findings of the study provide more information about the volatile profile and additional evidence of potential health-endorsing properties of L. tsao-ko EOs.

Variation in essential oil composition, antioxidant and mosquito larvicidal activity during three cuts dates of five Mentha species

Variation in essential oil composition, antioxidant and mosquito larvicidal activity during three cuts dates of five Mentha species

Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antibiofilm Activities of Essential Oils of Plumeria alba (Forget-Me-Not).

Essential oils are known to possess many biological properties such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Plumeria alba flowers are used in traditional remedies for diarrhea, cough, fever, and asthma treatment. This work evaluated the chemical composition and the biological activities of essential oils obtained from the flowers and leaves of Plumeria alba. The essential oils were extracted using the Clevenger-type apparatus and characterized using GC-MS. In the flower essential oil, a total of 17 compounds were identified, with linalool (23.91%), α-terpineol (10.97%), geraniol (10.47%), and phenyl ethyl alcohol (8.65%) being abundant. In the leaf essential oil, a total of 24 compounds were identified, with benzofuran, 2,3-di, hydro-(3.24%), and muurolol (1.40%) being present. Antioxidant activities were assessed using hydrogen peroxide scavenging, phosphomolybdenum, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging assays. Antimicrobial activities were assessed through a microdilution assay. The essential oil showed antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 25.0 to 50.0 mg/mL. Biofilm inhibition ranged from 27.14 ± 1.0 to 58.99 ± 0.6 mg/mL. The essential oil exhibited total antioxidant capacities which ranged from 17.5 μg/g AAE to 83 μg/g AAE in the phosphomolybdenum assay. The IC50 values in the DPPH and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays for both flowers and leaves ranged from 18.66 μg/mL to 38.28 μg/mL. Both essential oils also displayed good antibiofilm activities, with the concentration required for half-maximal inhibition of biofilm formation being ∼60 mg/mL for both oils. This study shows that essential oils of Plumeria alba possess good antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and could be used as a source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oil Obtained from Chincho (Tagetes elliptica Sm) Leaves Grown in the Peruvian Andes

The chemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the essential oil from the leaves of Tagetes elliptica Sm., grown in Peru, were studied. The EO was extracted using steam distillation, and its chemical composition was analyzed using GC-MS, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the radical, scavenging capacity (DPPH and ABTS assays), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, ferrous ion chelating (FIC) activity, and the Rancimat test. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella infantis was studied using the agar well diffusion method. Twenty-seven compounds were identified in the essential oil, and the major components were cis-tagetenone (37.27%), trans-tagetenone (18.84%), dihydrotagetone (14.38%), and trans-tagetone (5.15%). With regard to antioxidant properties, the IC50 values obtained for the DPPH, ABTS, and FIC assays were 53.37, 46.38, and 22.65 mg/mL, respectively. These values were lower than those obtained for standard butylated hydroxytoluene and ascorbic acid. In the Rancimat test, antioxidant activity was achieved only at high concentration. T. elliptica essential oil showed a marked antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains at all concentrations assayed. This study demonstrated that T. elliptica essential oil could be considered as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobial agents in the food industry.

Yield, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of essential oil obtained from Ferula persica oleo-gum-resin: Effect of the originated region, type of oleo-gum-resin, and extraction method

In the present study, we investigated the effect of extraction methods (hydro-distillation, microwave-assisted hydro-distillation, and solvent-free microwave extraction), oleo-gum-resin types (Kokh and Shir), and regions (Sepidan and Darb-e-Behesht) on yield, composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils obtained from oleo-gum-resin of Ferula persica. The results showed that oleo-gum-resins originating from Darb-e-Behesht produced more essential oil than oleo-gum-resins of Sepidan using each of the extraction methods. Each of the extraction methods isolated more essential oil from Kokh samples as compared with Shir. The highest essential oil was achieved by the solvent-free microwave extraction method from Kokh samples. A total of 51 compounds were identified in essential oil samples. Monoterpene hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds were dominant in all essential oils. The main compounds of essential oil in the samples were β-pinene, α-pinene, (E)− 1-Propenyl sec-butyl disulfide, and (Z)− 1-Propenyl sec-butyl disulfide. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils was affected by the region and type of oleo-gum-resin. The essential oils showed less antioxidant activity than butylated hydroxyanisole. The research suggests that the area of oleo-gum-resin collection, type of oleo-gum-resin collected, and essential oil extraction method should be selected and optimized based on the intended purpose and the desired active ingredients. Also, the results show that microwave-assisted hydro-distillation and solvent-free microwave extraction methods can be introduced as quick and suitable alternative methods for extracting essential oils from oleo-gum-resins of F.persica.

The Antioxidant Effect of Rosemary on the Oxidation Stability of Refıned Sunflower Oil

In this study, the essential oil chemical compounds of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and its antioxidant activity on the oxidation stability of refined sunflower oil (RSO) were investigated by the Rancimat method. The plant material was obtained from Afyonkarahisar Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Center/Turkey. Based on the GC/FID-MS analysis result, 1,8-Cineole (15.18%), Camphor (11.39%), Borneol (11.39%), Germacrene D (11.12%), Carvacrol (11.05%), α-Pinene (6.01%) and p-Cimene (3.07%) were identified as the major constituents of rosemary essential oil. The total antioxidant activity of rosemary essential oil was determined using the DPPH method. The EC50 value was measured as 3.35 mg mL-1. While the induction time of RSO is 1.57 hours on average,the induction time of RSO with 1 g of 100 g-1 rosemary added was 1.68 hours on average, and the induction time of RSO with 5 g of 100 g-1 rosemary added was 1.79 hours on average. According to the results, rosemary, as an economic medicinal and aromatic plant, significantly increased the oxidation stability of RSO. Therefore, rosemary can be recommended as a natural antioxidant to extend the shelf life of edible fixed oils.

Chemical and Biological Studies of Achillea setacea Herba Essential Oil—First Report on Some Antimicrobial and Antipathogenic Features

The essential oil of Achillea setacea was isolated by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-MS. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Achillea setacea essential oil was evaluated, as well as its biocompatibility (LDH and MTT methods). DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods were applied for antioxidant activity evaluation, while qualitative and quantitative assays (inhibition zone diameter, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum fungicidal concentration), NO release (by nitrite concentration determination), and microbial adhesion capacity to the inert substrate (the biofilm microtiter method) were used to investigate the antimicrobial potential. A total of 52 compounds were identified by GC-MS in A. setacea essential oil, representing 97.43% of the total area. The major constituents were borneol (32.97%), 1,8-cineole (14.94%), camphor (10.13%), artemisia ketone (4.70%), α-terpineol (3.23%), and γ-eudesmol (3.23%). With MICs ranging from 0.78 to 30 μg/mL, the A. setacea essential oil proved to inhibit the microbial adhesion and induce the NO release. To the best of our knowledge, the present study reports for the first time the antimicrobial activity of A. setacea EO against clinically and biotechnologically important microbial strains, such as Shigella flexneri, Listeria ivanovii, L. innocua, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus nigricans, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Alternaria alternata, demonstrating its antimicrobial applications beyond the clinical field.

Influence of different extraction methods on the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and overall quality attributes of oils from peony seeds (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)

Influence of different extraction methods on the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and overall quality attributes of oils from peony seeds (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)