Antioxidant Activity Of Oil Research Articles

Potential anti-inflammatory activity of the Salvia fruticosa Mill. essential oil

Context: Salvia fruticosa, known as Greek sage, is a perennial shrub indigenous to the eastern Mediterranean. Historically, its leaves have been prized for their medicinal properties, particularly in traditional remedies for anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and digestive ailments. Aims: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties and possible mechanisms of action of Salvia fruticosa essential oil (EOSF). Methods: The essential oil was obtained from the aerial parts of the plant using hydrodistillation and then analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The anti-inflammatory effects of the essential oil were examined using established inflammation models, specifically carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritonitis. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the essential oils, widely recognized inflammation models were employed, specifically carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritonitis. In addition, the essential oil's antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring its ability to scavenge nitric oxide radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation. Results: The primary constituents of the EOSF were found to be 1,8-cineol (eucalyptol) (45.5%), β-caryophyllene (9.2%), and β-pinene (6.5%). The results of the study demonstrated that EOSF displayed a significant reduction in edema, peritonitis, myeloperoxidase activity, and NOx-peritoneal lavage concentration induced by carrageenan. Moreover, the essential oil exhibited notable inhibition of nitric oxide radical production stimulated by sodium nitroprusside. Additionally, EOSF demonstrated the ability to prevent lipid peroxidation caused by Fe2+ or Fe2+ plus H2O2. Conclusions: The findings indicate that EOSF possesses anti-inflammatory properties, potentially attributed to its antioxidant capacity.

In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer, Anti-inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activity of Dhimran (Ocimum forsskaolii benth) Extract and Essential Oil on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer, Anti-inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activity of Dhimran (Ocimum forsskaolii benth) Extract and Essential Oil on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil of Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa L. from the Al-Hoceima province in northern Morocco

Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa L. is an industrial plant that has gained importance due to its essential oil (EO), which has commercial, medical, and potential cosmetic applications. Despite its significance, the chemical constituents of the C. sativa EO cultivated in Morocco is not well understood. In this context, the current study aimed to define and analyze the volatile fraction and evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the plant C. sativa EO for the first time in the Al-Hoceima province in northern Morocco. To assess its chemical composition, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was utilized after hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-style apparatus. The analysis revealed that caryophyllene, α-humulene, and β-myrcene were the major constituents, accounting for 31.77%, 11.21%, and 8.76% of the EO, respectively. Antioxidant activity results indicate that the potency of C. sativa EO is interesting (IC50 = 4.45 mg/mL) for the DPPH● (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test. These findings indicate that the C. sativa EO may serve as a natural source of antioxidants.

Prophylactic impacts of Lagenaria siceraria against cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin in a rat model.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic drug applied clinically for the remedy of cancer, but its possibly life-threatening cardiotoxicity effects remain a concern. After that, this study evaluates the cardioprotective impacts of Lagenaria siceraria (LSS) oil on DOX induced cardiomyopathy in rats. Wistar male rats (n = 28, weighting 190-210 g) were arbitrarily allocated into four equal groups. Group 1 control group (CTR) received normal saline orally (1 ml/kg); group 2 (DOX) received DOX (10 mg/kg); group 3 (DOLS) received DOX + 3 g of Lagenaria siceraria seeds oil/kg; group 4 (LSSO) received LSSO (3 g/kg) daily for 18 days. The serum samples were collected to determine the creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and Troponin I activity. At the same time, the catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were assessed in heart tissues. Additionally, histopathological investigations for the heart tissue were performed. Results revealed no significant change in CK-MB levels between the DOLS group compared to the CTR group (p > 0.05). DOX group confirmed a substantial increase in AST, LDH, and Troponin1 serum levels compared to DOLS and LLSO groups (p < 0.05). The study demonstrated the antioxidant activity of LSS oil against DOX-induced toxicity. The DOX group significantly reduced GSH and catalase levels, with an increase in MDA levels compared to DOLS and LLSO groups. Histopathological analysis showed protective properties of LSS oil against myocardial damage caused by DOX. This study highlights the favorable impacts of LSS oil in mitigating DOX-triggered cardiotoxicity in a rat model.

Optimization of green microwave-assisted extraction of essential oil from lemon (Citrus limon) leaves: Bioactive, antioxidant and antimicrobial potential

This research delves into the analysis of essential oil derived from Citrus limon leaves cultivated in the northern region of Bangladesh, focusing on their potential attributes. The essential oil was extracted employing a microwave-assisted gravity station without using solvent. Optimization was carried out in terms of time, temperature and power as a function of oil yield. The study revealed the highest oil yield of 2.5 % after 50 min at 110 °C, maintaining a microwave power of 300 watt. Twenty-four (24) phyto-components were identified by Gas Chromatogram- Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) where d-Limonene (34.10660 %) was dominant compound. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to assess the antioxidant activity of essential oil. Notably, essential oil displayed superior DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 8.57 ppm) compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (IC50 10.63 ppm), a common antioxidant standard. Furthermore, a variety of harmful microorganisms were used to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy. The extracted essential oil exhibited the strongest antimicrobial effectiveness against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI-27.50 mm, MIC-7.8 μL/mL) and the fungi Candida albicans (ZOI-32.83 mm, MIC-1.95 μL/mL). These findings demonstrate the Citrus limon leaves essential oil contains bioactive components with strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The extracted essential oil holds significant potential for applications in the foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries.

&lt;em&gt;In-Vitro&lt;/em&gt; antioxidant activity of essential oils and oleoresins of cinnamon, clove bud, ginger and their synergistic interactions

Essential oils (EOs) and oleoresins (ORs) are well distinguished for their antioxidant properties and they can be widely used in the food industry as preservatives. The present study was executed for evaluating the synergistic interactions on antioxidant efficacy of EOs and ORs of cinnamon, clove bud and ginger and their combinations. EOs and ORs were obtained by hydro-distillation and solvent extraction. In-vitro antioxidant properties were investigated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, phosphomolybdenum method (Total Antioxidant Capacity, TAC) and ABTS radical scavenging activity assay. EOs and ORs which consisted with different chemical constituents and different Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavanoid Content (TFC) exhibited a range of variation in the inhibition percentage of DPPH and IC50 values (0.1645-6.5181 mg/mL). The TAC of EOs and ORs was within the range of 0.27-3.94 mg AAE/mg. The ORs showed higher inhibition percentages and TAC compared to EOs of the same spice. This study revealed that clove buds contains higher antioxidant properties than cinnamon and ginger. Significant reductions in IC50 values were shown in EO blends compared to the ORs blends. The combination of cinnamon EO/clove bud EO and combination cinnamon EO/ginger EO showed strong synergy in tested samples. Therefore, both EOs and ORs of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Syzygium aromaticum, Zingiber officinale and their blends are excellent sources for natural and effective natural antioxidant agents in the food industry.

Watercress oil loaded with gel: evaluation of hemolysis inhibition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and healing properties.

Plant-derived compounds are renowned for their remarkable pharmacological properties, holding immense promise for therapeutic interventions in human health. In this study, we aimed to assess the antimicrobial, anti-hemolytic, antioxidant, and wound healing attributes of watercress oil incorporated into Vaseline gel (OLG) compared to watercress oil alone. OLG was formulated through a meticulous process involving the addition of Vaseline gel to the oil under agitation conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of watercress oil unveiled a rich array of phenolic compounds, including gallic acid (10.18μg/mL), daidzein (3.46μg/mL), and hesperetin (3.28μg/mL). The inhibitory zones caused by watercress oil alone against a spectrum of pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans, were measured at 25 ± 0.3, 26 ± 0.1, 22 ± 0.2, 25 ± 0.2, and 24 ± 0.1mm, respectively. Notably, OLG exhibited slightly larger zones of inhibition (27 ± 0.2, 30 ± 0.2, 24 ± 0.1, 28 ± 0.1, and 25 ± 0.3mm) against the same microbial strains. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of OLG against E. coli and E. faecalis was lower compared to watercress oil alone, indicating enhanced efficacy. Similarly, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of OLG was notably lower across all tested bacteria compared to watercress oil alone. Inhibition of bacterial hemolysis, particularly K. pneumoniae, was significantly enhanced with OLG treatment, showcasing reductions of 19.4%, 11.6%, and 6.8% at 25%, 50%, and 75% MIC concentrations, respectively, compared to watercress oil alone. The antioxidant activity of both oil and OLG was quantified with IC50 values of 2.56 and 3.02μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, OLG demonstrated remarkable efficacy in wound healing assays, with notable enhancements in migration rate, wound closure, and area difference compared to control cells. In light of the observed antibacterial, antifungal, anti-hemolytic, and wound healing properties of OLG, this formulation holds therapeutic potential in treating microbial infections and promoting wound healing.

Effect of Growing Regions on Discrimination of Turkish-Style Black Table Olives from Gemlik Cultivar.

Gemlik is a cultivar that grows in a distinct region of Turkiye and is ideal for brine fermentation of brine black table olives. Bursa Protected Designated Origin (PDO) and Izmir non-PDO Gemlik table olives have high levels of oleic acid (74%), total phenol (190 mg/kg), and dry matter (57%), while being low in linoleic acid (8%). The pH values and salt contents were observed to be in the range of 4.1 to 4.3 and 3.9% to 4.8%, respectively. During the fermentation of Gemlik table olives, a mass transfer occurred, resulting in a reduction in reducing sugar and total sugar contents as well as an increase in the salt content of the olives. Despite the reduction of phenolic content in both Gemlik PDO and non-PDO table olives, their antioxidant capacity remains high after fermentation. The oil content, antioxidant activity, phenolic contents, palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, and linoleic acids were all found to be significant variables in distinguishing between Gemlik PDO and non-PDO table olives using PLS-DA analysis. There is a statistically significant correlation between the phenolic content and oleic (0.588) and linoleic (-0.659) acids (p < 0.05). Bursa PDO and Izmir non-PDO exhibit enhanced nutritional quality and antioxidant activity, unequivocally differentiating them from Hatay and Mersin non-PDO Gemlik table olives with 98% accuracy through discriminant analysis (p < 0.05). PLS-DA and DA can effectively identify variations in the quality of Turkish-style black table olives preserved in brine, originating from PDO and non-PDO growing areas.

Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. (Mahkota Dewa) seed essential oils: Extraction yield, volatile components, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities based on different solvents using Soxhlet extraction

Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl., locally known as ‘Mahkota Dewa’, is a fruit commonly found in Malaysia. It demonstrates high potential for various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research on the effect of essential oil extraction using different solvents on the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of this seed's fruit. This study aims to investigate the extraction yield, volatile components, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of essential oil extracted from P. macrocarpa seeds using ethyl acetate, hexane, and petroleum ether as solvents. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyse the volatile components, while the antibacterial activity was assessed against Listeria innocua and Serratia marcescens. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Hexane showed the highest extraction yield (51.87 ± 0.21%), followed by petroleum ether (44.40 ± 0.14%) and ethyl acetate (27.08 ± 0.10%). The essential oils extracted with ethyl acetate, hexane, and petroleum ether contained 24, 26, and 21 volatile components, respectively. The major component, 1-(ethenylthio)-octane was found in concentrations ranging from 42.371 to 54.863 ppm, followed by 2,2-dimethyl-5-(3-methyl-2-oxiranyl)cyclohexanone, with concentrations between 30.771 and 40.783 ppm. The essential oil exhibited moderate antibacterial activity, as indicated by the zone of inhibition against L. innocua (8.00 ± 1.30 mm to 11.00 ± 1.40 mm) and S. marcescens (9.00 ± 1.00 mm to 14.00 ± 1.20 mm) compared to the positive control. Additionally, the essential oil demonstrated good antioxidant activity, with TPC, TFC, and DPPH values for hexane (65.56 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g, 4.46 ± 0.17 mg RE/g, 223.78 ± 29.69 μg/mL), ethyl acetate (72.99 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g, 19.47 ± 0.41 mg RE/g, 294.02 ± 12.70 μg/mL), and petroleum ether (70.29 ± 0.07 mg GAE/g, 4.83 ± 0.05 mg RE/g, 803.64 ± 27.76 μg/mL), respectively. Nonetheless, correlation analysis revealed a moderate relationship between DPPH and TFC. The essential oils from P. macrocarpa seeds demonstrates strong natural antibacterial and antioxidant potential, with hexane as the most efficient solvent. Exploring compounds like 1-(ethenylthio)-octane and 2,2-dimethyl-5-(3-methyl-2-oxiranyl)cyclohexanone may reveal medicinal applications and lead to innovative remedies.

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil from Fresh and Dried Leaves of Echinops adenocaulos Boiss. from Jordan

Abstract: This study presents the first detailed analysis of hydrodistilled essential oils from fresh and air-dried Echinops adenocaulos Boiss. from the flora of Jordan. It aims to investigate the chemical composition and the antioxidant potency of the volatile compounds obtained by conventional hydrodistillation from the fresh and air-dried plant; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 46 and 75 compounds of the obtained essential oils, respectively. The study showed that the major constituent classes in the fresh aerial part are oxygenated diterpenes (76.92%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (10.78%), followed by aliphatic compounds (10.12%). However, in the dried aerial part, the main classes are oxygenated diterpene (74.47%) and aliphatic compounds (13.34%). Heyderiol was the most abundant constituent (44.96%), followed by bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (20.12%) and trans-ferruginol (3.14%). Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (52.51%), followed by heyderiol (21.60%) and (Z)-ternine (8.81%) are the major compounds of the fresh aerial part. The antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH free radical scavenging and ABTS•+ cation radical scavenging. The oils from fresh and dried E. adenocaulos exhibit significant antioxidant activity, with the oil from the dried plant having higher antioxidant activity than that from the fresh one.

Antioxidant and Sunscreen Activities of Cananga Oil and Its Formulation Test as A Facial Spray

Antioxidant and Sunscreen Activities of Cananga Oil and Its Formulation Test as A Facial Spray

Chemical Composition and Biological Potential of Different Extracts of Two Medicinal Plants from Northern Algeria

This work aime to study the chemical composition and the main biological properties contained in the extracts of Lavandula stoechas and Pistacia lentiscus collected in northern Algeria. Lavandula stoechas and Pistacia lentiscus are two medicinal plants belonging to the botanical family Labiatae and Anacardeacea respectively. They are grow wild in the northen Algeria and widely used in traditional Algerian medicine. The GC/MS analysis of the essential oils of Lavandula stoechas extracted by hydrodistillation showed that the latter are of fenchone chemotype whatever the period and the site of harvest. LC/MS analysis of tannin powders extracted by maceration of the leaves in a hydroalcoholic solvent reveals that they mainly contain rosmarinic acid. Essential oils extracted from the leaves of Pistacia lentiscus showed a large variability in terpenoid. The antioxidant activity of the different essential oils varied according to the harvesting period and the altitude. The highest antiradical effects were observed with the FRAP test. An another side the Pistacia lentiscus extracts showed to have an α-glucosidase inhibition effect that was more or less impactful according to the plant’s living environment (mountain or littoral) and the considered organ (leaves, stem barks or fruits).

Essential oil from Senecio rudbeckiifolius Meyen &amp; Walp.: Chemical analysis, antioxidant assessment, and literature review of Senecio essential oils

Species of the genus Senecio have the largest medicinal value for the Andes communities, and studies on the biological activities attributed to them are scarce. Among them, Senecio rudbeckiifolius Meyen &amp; Walp. is used in decoction for rheumatic affection and skin allergies. The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the leaf essential oil from plants grown in the Peruvian Andes were studied. Eighty compounds were identified in the essential oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons had the major percentage (91.4%), followed by oxygenated monoterpenes (4.2%). The most abundant compounds were myrcene (23.4%), b-phellandrene (17.1%), sabinene (15.1%) and limonene (11.7%). In addition, the possible applicability of volatile metabolites for revealing taxonomic/evolutionary relationships among Senecio species was explored. Antioxidant activity were examined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. The essential oil had a moderate scavenging effect and it showed ferric reducing activity.

Structural Characterization, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Antimicrobial Activities of Citrus Limettarisso, Citrus Nobilis X Citrus Deliciosa and Citrus Maxima

Background: The pharmacological properties of citrus fruits have long been recognized in traditional medicine, with recent scientific studies corroborating their potential as sources of natural bioactive compounds. Citrus limettarisso, Citrus nobilis x Citrus deliciosa, and Citrus maxima, in particular, have garnered attention for their antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial properties. Prior research has highlighted these species' capabilities, with various studies reporting on their significant health benefits. Objective: This study aims to evaluate and compare the antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted from the peels of Citrus limettarisso, Citrus nobilis x Citrus deliciosa, and Citrus maxima, thereby contributing to the understanding of their potential therapeutic applications. Methods: Essential oils were extracted from the peels of the three citrus species using hydro distillation. The antioxidant activity was assessed through Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay. Antiglycation potential and alpha-amylase inhibition were evaluated for antidiabetic properties, while antimicrobial activity was determined using the Agar Well Diffusion Method. Results: Citrus limettarisso showed the highest TPC (301.4474 ± 2.930402 mg GAE/100g) and significant antioxidant activity (68.26347% DPPH scavenging). Citrus maxima exhibited a high TFC (143.8727 ± 5.454545 mg CE/100g) but lower TPC (115.8333 ± 3.553444 mg GAE/100g). Citrus nobilis x Citrus deliciosa demonstrated considerable TPC (244.1667 ± 5.862774 mg GAE/100g) and TFC (50.17576 ± 0.457566 mg CE/100g). Antiglycation and alpha-amylase inhibition assays revealed Citrus limettarisso as the most potent antidiabetic agent with the highest inhibition percentages. All three species showed significant antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: The study confirms the substantial pharmacological potential of Citrus limettarisso, Citrus nobilis x Citrus deliciosa, and Citrus maxima, particularly in terms of their antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Citrus limettarisso emerged as the most potent in most assays, underscoring its potential for therapeutic use. These findings support the use of these citrus species as natural sources of bioactive compounds for health and medical applications. It carries special importance for public health advancements.

Extraction and Volatile Compounds in Ginger Essential Oil (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) at Laboratory Scale

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has a characteristic pungent taste and contains biologically active substances with many potential benefits for use in many different fields. Ginger essential oil is extracted from ginger root (Zingiber officinale) through steam distillation. The main compound in the essential oil was determined by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method and evaluated antioxidant activity by measuring DPPH. Essential oil of ginger yields 2.65 mL/g and comprises the primary chemical constituents such as zingiberene (18.95 %) which is the fragrance ingredient for the characteristic scent of ginger and some other ingredients camphene, b-phellandrene, a-citral, eucalyptol, sesquiphellandrene, a-farnesene, a-pinene, etc. The antioxidant activity of ginger essential oil was evaluated by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method with radical scavenging ability and oxidation reached 74.19%. The present work was carried out for the purpose of developing products and applying ginger essential oil in the fields of pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries, clarifying the advantages and disadvantages and improving the value of ginger in different regions locally.

Isolation, Purification and Characterization of a-Lactalbumin from Camel Milk and Study its Antioxidant Activity in Oils

The purpose of this research was to examine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of a-lactalbumin (α-Lac) isolated from camel milk. Ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE cellulose column and gel-filtration chromatography on a Sephadex G-100 column were used for the purification process. (α-Lac) purity was confirmed using a single-bond polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) assay and a further step using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. Antioxidant activity of (α-Lac) in food systems compared with chemical Antioxidants (BHT) activity at Prevent oxidation of vegetable oils (Flaxseed oil and sunflower) showed significant Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), linoleic acid system (LAS), radical scavenging activity (DPPH).

Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of the leaf essential oil of Roxburgh’s Cherry (Eugenia roxburghii), an underutilized species

Eugenia roxburghii (Myrtaceae), known as Roxburgh’s Cherry, is a wild edible fruit-producing plant having multiple use in traditional and folk medicines in India and Sri Lanka. In spite of its nutritional and medicinal importance, there is no report on the chemical composition and bioactivities of the essential oil (EO) of this species. In this article, the chemical composition of the leaf EO of E. roxburghii has been reported for the first time along with its antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. GC–MS analysis of EO led to the identification of 41 compounds with β-caryophyllene (22.32%) as the major constituent. The EO exhibited strong antioxidant capacity in DPPH and ABTS assays with IC50 values of 15.12 ± 0.23 μg/mL and 7.32 ± 0.05 μg/mL, respectively. It also exhibited strong reducing power ability (EC50 = 1.47 ± 0.06 μg/mL). The EO showed highest sensitivity against enteric pathogenic bacteria, Shigella flexneri (ZOI = 24 ± 0.4 mm, MIC = 31.25 μg/mL) validating its ethnomedicinal claim against dysentery. Further, E. roxburghii EO showed significant antiproliferative activity against human colon (HCT-116, IC50 = 64.84 μg/mL) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (PC-3, IC50=70.11 μg/mL) cell lines. The present study suggests that EO can be used as an antiproliferative agent and for the treatment of enteric diseases.

Chemical composition and biological evaluation of the essential oil of the flowering aerial parts of Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb

Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb (A. alpestre) is a plant known for its fragrant smell and has been traditionally used to treat influenza. However, despite its widespread use, there is no research on its flowering aerial parts. This study aims to contribute to the understanding the flowering aerial parts by investigating its volatile oil. The essential oil was extracted through hydrodistillation and analysed using GC-MS. The analysis identified 54 compounds, which accounted for 95.16% of the oil composition. The major components are germacrene D (31.68%), β-caryophyllene (16.07%), and (E)-β-farnesene (7.99%). To evaluate the antioxidant activity of volatile oil, six antioxidant experiments were conducted. The results indicated that volatile oil exhibited significant 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt and hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of volatile oil was assessed against four common pathogenic bacteria. The findings demonstrated that volatile oil displayed potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Aerogenic bacterium.

Unveiling the Impact of Drying Methods on Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Anthemis palestina.

Different drying techniques may alter the chemical composition of plant extracts and consequently affect their bioactivity potential. The current study was designed to reveal the effect of four different drying methods on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of hydrodistilled essential oil (HD-EO) and methanolic (APM) extract obtained from the aerial part of Anthemis palestina from Jordan. Aerial parts of A. palestina in their fresh (FR) form and after drying in shade (ShD), sun (SD), oven at 40 °C (O40D) and 60 °C (O60D), in addition to microwave (MWD), were used to extract their essential oils by hydrodistillation and to prepare the different methanolic extracts (APM). GC/MS analysis of the different HD-EOs revealed qualitative and quantitative differences among the different samples. While FR, O40D, O60D, and MWD EO samples contained mainly sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (35.43%, 29.04%, 53.69%, and 59.38%, respectively), ShD sample was rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (33.57%), and SD-EO contained mainly oxygenated sesquiterpenes (40.36%). Principal component analysis (PCA) and Cluster analysis (CA) grouped the different drying methods based on their impact on the concentration of chemical constituents. SD-EO demonstrated high DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activity (1.31 ± 0.03) × 10-2; (1.66 ± 0.06) × 10-2 μg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, A. paleistina methanolic extracts (APM) obtained after subjecting the plant to different drying methods showed interesting patterns in terms of their TPC, TFC, antioxidant activity, and phytochemical profiling. Of all extracts, SD-APM extract had the highest TPC (105.37 ± 0.19 mg GA/g DE), highest TFC (305.16 ± 3.93 mg Q/g DE) and demonstrated the highest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities ((4.42 ± 0.02) × 10-2; (3.87 ± 0.02) × 10-2 mg/mL, respectively); all were supported by correlation studies. LC-MS/MS analysis of the different extracts revealed the richness of the SD-APM extract in phenolic acids and flavonoids.

Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils of Urginea maritima and Allium sativum

Abstract This study aims to contribute to the valorizing of aromatic and medicinal plants of Morocco by studying the antioxidant and antifungal properties of the essential oils (EOs) of Allium sativum (AS) (garlic) and Urginea maritima (Syn. Drimia maritima) tested in vitro. After the hydrodistillation of EOs, we determined their physicochemical indices according to an international standard (Moroccan ISO standard), and the chemical composition of the oils was studied by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then, the antioxidant properties were determined using the free radical scavenging capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power of these oils. The evaluation of the antifungal activity was carried out by the direct contact method against two fungal strains, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium equiseti. GC-MS analysis revealed a significant percentage of terpenes in U. maritima EO, with terpinolene (21.82%) and estragole (6.24%) as the main compounds. Biological tests have demonstrated the remarkable antioxidant activities of this EO compared with AS EO, with an IC50 of 1.03 mg/mL and an RP0.5 of 1.60 mg/mL. On the other hand, while A. sativum (garlic) EO showed exceptional antifungal activities, with 100% inhibition and MICs of 0.5 µL/mL for F. equiseti and 2.5 µL/mL for F. oxysporum. Also, regardless of its antioxidant properties being moderate, this EO stands out for its efficacy against fungal infections of the Fusarium genus. In summary, the results suggest that U. maritima EO could be used as a natural source of antioxidants, while garlic EO could be considered a potentially effective treatment against fungal infections caused by Fusarium fungi.