Antioxidant Activities Of Hydroethanolic Extract Research Articles

Phytochemical profiling, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of hydroethanolic extracts of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) fruit and pulp.

Phenolic compounds in prickly pear [Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill.] are known to contribute to the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the prickly pear. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidants and in vitro antimicrobial potential in the hydroethanolic extracts of different parts (fruit, cladode, and pulp) of prickly pear. Different polyphenolic compounds were analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated that cladode possessed a higher quantity of phenolics compared with that observed in fruit and pulp. The most important phenolic compound in high quantity was gallic acid (66.19 μg/g) in cladode. The 100% aqueous extract of cladode exhibited the highest antioxidant (92%) and antimicrobial activities against Salmonella typhi (3.40 mg/ml), Helicobacter pylori (1.37 mg/ml), Escherichia coli (1.41 mg/ml), and Staphylococcus aureus (1.41 mg/ml). Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that antioxidant activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) responses had a significant negative correlation with each other. Overall, the current results provided basic data for choosing prickly pear cladode with high antioxidant capacity for the development and consumption of antioxidant-based alternative medicines and value addition of formulated foods.

In Vitro anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity of Thunbergia coccinea leaves extract

Herbal medicines gained an interest in the development of new drugs as a therapeutic agent for various manifestation. Relevant research reveals that Thunbergia coccinea is a plant which possess antipyretic, anti-inflammatory activity and it has been used as an ethnomedicinal plant. The present study explores the cholinesterase inhibitory potential relevant to neurodegenerative disorder and antioxidant activities of hydroethanolic extract of Thunbergia coccinea leaves. Cholinesterase inhibition was determined by Ellman method at different concentrations. The antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, TRAP, NO radical inhibition assay, Phosphomolybdate assay for total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, SOD scavenging activity. The hydroethanolic extract of Thunbergia coccinea leaves express significant amount of antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity against neurodegenerative disorders.

Antimutagenic and antiviral activity of hydroethanolic extract from Moringa oleifera L. leave: In vitro and in silico studies

Background: Moringa oleifera (MO) leave has biological activities that are beneficial for improving health. In vitro studies show that its bioactive compounds prevent the development of degenerative diseases. Objective: This study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds in hydroethanolic extract of MO leave powder; measure its antioxidative and antimutagenic activity, and; to evaluate its ability to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) as a therapeutic target by in silico study. Methods: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to detect the bioactive compounds in hydroethanolic extract of MO leave powder. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to measure the antioxidant activity by the ability to scavenge the DPPH free radical. The antimutagenic activity was measured by using the free radical treated plasmid pBR322. Molecular docking was used to determine the interaction of the bioactive compounds and the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. Results: Total phenolic and flavonoids compounds of MO leave powder infusion are 50.02±0.14 mg GAE/g and 445.07 ± 4.09 mg QE/g, respectively. The main bioactive compounds in the hydroethanolic extract are Guanine and Luteolin-7-O-glucoside. The antioxidant activity of hydroethanolic extract of leave powder is IC50 118.9 ± 0.2 µg/mL, stronger than the standard BHT IC50 11.60 ± 0.30 µg/mL. The infusion also can protect DNA damage (antimutagenic). In silico studies show strong energy bonds of Mpro molecules with Guanine and Luteolin-7-O-glucoside. The binding energy values are -6.2 and -8.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: The hydroethanolic extract of MO leaf powder contains Guanine and Luteolin-7-O-glucoside. It has excellent antioxidant activity, ability to maintain DNA integrity or antimutagenic properties. As bioactive compounds, Guanine and Luteoli-7-O-glucoside can attach Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. In silico study indicates that hydroethanolic extract of MO leave powder can act as a medicinal ingredient that has anti SARS-CoV-2 properties.

In vitro Antioxidant Activities of Hydroethanolic Extract of Defatted Wonderful Kola (Buchholzia coriacea) Seeds and Its Safety Evaluation in Murine Models

Introduction: Buccholzia coriaceaseed possesses a vast number of therapeutic applications in African traditional medicine. However, there are still limited information on its bioactive constituents, pharmacological actions and safety profile. This study was designed to prepare hydroethanolic extract of (defatted) Buccholzia coriacea seeds (HEBCS), evaluate its total phenols and flavonoids, in vitro antioxidant activity and its safety in rats and mice.
 Methods: Seeds were defatted with hexane and the residue extracted with 80% ethanol (EtOH). The total phenols and flavonoid content of the lyophilised HEBCS was determined followed by in vitro antioxidant activity against stable free radicals (DPPHŸ, ABTSŸ+) and reactive oxygen species (ŸOH, NO and H2O2). Limit test (at 5000 mg/ kg body weight (bw) and acute toxicity test (at doses of 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg bw) was carried out in rats followed by sub chronic toxicity study (at doses of 125 and 250 mg/ kg bw) in mice. Biomarkers of hepatic function (ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin) and renal function (urea and creatinine) were assessed.
 Results: The total phenols and flavonoids content of HEBCS was found to be 31.76 μg GAE/ mg and 22.82 μg QE/ mg respectively. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for HEBCS when tested against DPPHŸ, ABTSŸ+, ŸOH, H2O2 and NO were found to be 257.85, 496.73, 883.68, 475.68 and 1786.42 μg/mL respectively. The Median Lethality Dose (LD50) for HEBCS in rat was greater than 5000 mg/ kg body weight. HEBCS did not show any significant (P = .05) hepatic or renal toxicity.
 Conclusion: Data obtained from the present study highlight the safety of HEBCS and its potential role as a source of natural antioxidants.

Phytopharmacological and Antioxidant Analysis of Hydroethanolic Extract of Boerhavia diffusa

Boerhavia diffusa, a well-known ethno-medicinal plant and were found in tropics and sub-tropics. Boerhavia diffusa is a traditional medicinal plant and they can cure many human ailments. It has most promising pharmacological activities include antifibrinolytic, immunosuppressive, diuretic, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antilympho proliferative, analgesic properties and also for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Due to their adverse side effects, the naturally occurring antioxidants has increased and replaced by the synthetic antioxidants. This study is focussed on the phytochemical evaluation and in vitro antioxidant activity of Hydroethanolic extract of Boerhavia diffusa. The qualitative chemical test exhibited the presence of phytocompounds like flavonoids, polyphenols, anthocyanins, coumarin, steroids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, glycosides, emodins and saponins. Quantitative analysis of total phenol, total flavonoid and total tannin was found to be 205.25mg/g, 121.65 mg/g and 61.41mg/g. DPPH, Total antioxidant activity, Superoxide anion radical, Nitric oxide and Hydroxy radical scavenging assay showed that B.diffusa was an excellent scavenger of these radicals. These results are an indication of the potent antioxidant property of the extract and may be responsible for some of the therapeutic uses of Boerhavia diffusa.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of hydroethanolic extract of Spondias mombin leaf in an oral mucositis experimental model

BackgroundSpondias mombin has been used in folk medicine to treat inflammation in the oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of S. mombin extract in an oral mucositis experimental model. MethodsMale hamsters were orally pre-treated with hydroethanolic extract of S. mombin leaves (HESM) (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) for ten days. Cheek pouch samples were subjected to macroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis (Cox-2, iNOS, NF-kB p50 NLS and MMP-2). IL-1β and TNF-α levels were analyzed by ELISA immunoassay, and Superoxide dismutase estimative (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were submitted to spectroscopy analysis. ResultsThe group treated with HESM at a dose of 200 mg/kg showed the best healing effect, showing no evidence of ulceration in the macroscopic analysis (p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis showed re-epithelialization, discrete mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and absence of hemorrhage and edema score of 1 (1-1) (p < 0.05), as well as a large amount of collagen fibers and a lower immunoexpression of Cox-2, iNOS, NF-kB p50 NLS and MMP-2. Decrease in SOD (p < 0.05), MDA (p<0.001), IL-1β (p < 0.05), and TNF-α levels (p < 0.001), with an increase in GSH (p < 0.01) levels. ConclusionHESM (200 mg/kg) reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis in hamsters.

Innocuity and antioxidant activities of &lt;i&gt;Pentadesma butyracea&lt;/i&gt; (1824) leaves for its use in hormone replacement therapy

Pentadesma butyracea is a tall tree of Western Africa commonly called better tree. Leaves are used in the treatment of several diseases including genitourinary, pregnancy and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess toxicity and antioxidant activity of hydroethanolic extract of P. butyracea leaves. The major compounds of the extract were previously identified. Oral acute toxicity was achieved on NMRI mice during 72 h after single oral-administration whereas oral sub-acute toxicity was achieved on Wistar rats during 28-days. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH, FRAP and lipid peroxidation inhibition. The major phytochemicals identified in the hydroethanolic extract of P. butyracea leaves were tannins, steroids and triterpenoids, anthocyanosids, anthraquinones, saponosids, mucilage and gums. The acute toxicity study showed that the extract did not cause neither sign of toxicity nor mortality until 3000 mg/kg. The subacute toxicity study showed that the extract did not cause signs of toxicity after 28-days consecutive oral administration. Nevertheless, platelets count. total cholesterol and AST level were significantly (p&lt;0.05) reduced. Assessment of antioxidant activity revealed that the extract possessed a great potential of scavenging free radical, to inhibit lipid peroxidation and to reduce ferric power. The extract could have hepaprotective activity and may be benefit for cholesterol reduction.Keywords: Pentadesma butyraceae, toxicity, phytochemistry, antioxidant

Antioxidant Activity of Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Blighia sapida Stem Bark in the Pancreas of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Blighia sapida is a plant belonging to the family of sapindaceae. In this study we aimed at investigating the possible antioxidant activities of hydro-ethanolic extract of Blighia sapida stem bark in the pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Administration of the extract at 100mg/kg body weight significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the pancreas of diabetic rats. Also the concentration of reduced glutathione increased in the pancreatic tissues of the diabetic rats while the levels of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl generally decreased in the pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats during the course of the experiment. These are indications of antioxidant properties of the stem bark of Blighia sapida with 100mg/kg body weight of the hydro-ethanolic extract showing good antioxidant activities by comparing favourably well with metformin, a standard antidiabetic drug. Keywords : Blighia sapida , diabetes mellitus, antioxidants, antioxidant enzymes DOI : 10.7176/JBAH/9-16-03 Publication date : August 31 st 2019

Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Blighia sapida Stem Bark

Blighia sapida is a plant belonging to the family of Sapindaceae. In this study we aimed to carry out the phytochemical screening of hydro-ethanolic (15%) extract of Blighia sapida stem bark and evaluate its in vitro antioxidant activity. It was found that the hydro-ethanolic extract of Blighia sapida stem bark showed the presence of saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, phenols and ascorbic acid. It also contains trace elements zinc and selenium. Furthermore it showed some scavenging activity but not as such could be compared with the various standards used except for nitric oxide scavenging activity. Keywords : Blighia sapida, phytochemicals, antioxidant, trace elements DOI : 10.7176/JBAH/9-16-04 Publication date : August 31 st 2019

Antioxidant Properties and Anti-inflammatory Effects of the Hydroethanolic Extracts of Two Varieties of Bayberry fruit (Myrica rubra Sieb et Zucc.) Prepared by Stirring and Ultrasonic Methods

Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) is an economically important medicinal plant with multiple uses. Two varieties ‘Dongkui Oriental Pearl’ (Dongkui for short) and acuminata ‘Nakai’ (Nakai for short) were used to compare and evaluate the antioxidant activities of hydroethanolic extracts of the fruit using ultrasonic and stirring extraction methods. Dongkui bayberry fruit extract (BFE) prepared using the ultrasonic method exhibited a significantly higher value for the total phenolic content (TPC) and had lower 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as reducing power compared to the other treatment. The TPC of the BFE was significantly correlated with its DPPH, ABTS, and H2O2 radical-scavenging and reducing power activities. Dongkui BFE at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL exhibited significantly greater protection of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages against H2O2-induced damage and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide production by macrophages, and it displayed remarkable inhibitory effects compared to the other extracts using the ultrasonic extraction method. Furthermore, compared to the Nakai BFE, macrophages exposed to the Dongkui BFE by the ultrasonic extraction method significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-α at a concentration of the extract of 0.25 mg/mL. The antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory and protective effects of BFE prepared by stirring and ultrasonic methods are discussed for the first time in this study.&#x0D; &#x0D; *********&#x0D; In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.&#x0D; *********

Phytochemicals screening and anti-oxidant activity of hydroethanolic extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L

Ruellia tuberosa L also known as pletekan, pletikan, or ciplukan, is a plant that is found in almost in every region in Indonesia. Assessment of the antioxidant activities of crude hydroethanolic extracts of R. tuberosa L. root was carried out to investigate their medicinal properties. The dried roots of R. tuberosa L were extracted using maceration technique, with ethanol and water, in 1:1 ratio. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, ascorbic acids, and phenolic compounds in those extracts. The chemical compositions of the extracts were analyzed by targeted LC-MS, showed presence of phytosterol compounds, representing about 60% of the extracts. The principal components identified included stigmasterol, campesterol, and β-sitosterol. These were also supported by results from FTIR spectroscopy that indicated the functional groups of the typical phytosterol compounds. In vitro antioxidant study using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay showed that the crude hydroethanolic extracts expressed high free radical scavenging activity with the IC50 value of 2.48 μg/mL. In a similar test, vitamin C was used for a reference, and has resulted in the IC50 value of 3.18 μg/mL. Conclusively, the hydroethanolic roots extracts of R. tuberosa L. could be considered a remedy for diseases which are associated with free radicals.

Antisalmonellal and antioxidant potential of hydroethanolic extract of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. (Burseraceae) in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-infected chicks

Objective: To evaluate the anti-infectious and antioxidant activities of hydroethanolic extract of Canarium schweinfurthii on broiler chickens infected by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, known to be threatening public health. Methods: Animals were divided into six groups of eight animals per group: the normal control group, negative control group, positive control group and three test groups receiving the plant extract at 5, 19 and 75 mg/kg bw, respecively. The evolution of the disease as well as the effectiveness of the treatment were monitored by stool culture from the second day post infection until the end of the treatment. In addition, the effects of treatment on growth performances and feed conversion efficiency of broilers were evaluated. For the assessment of antioxidant status, enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomarkers such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were evaluated in the serum and tissues of animals. Results: The infected chickens treated with oxytetracycline recovered on day 7 after treatment, while animals treated with 19 and 75 mg/kg of Canarium schweinfurthii extract recovered on day 9 and those with 5 mg/kg of the extract on day 10. Salmonella infection caused a decrease on catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities; the administration of various doses of Canarium schweinfurthii extract increased these enzymatic activities. Animals receiving the extract at 5 mg/kg showed a significant increase in catalase activity in serum, heart and lungs while all concentrations of the extract significantly increased glutathione peroxidase activity in the serum, liver and spleen. Concerning non-enzymatic biomarkers, Salmonella infection caused a significant increase of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde concentration in the liver and lungs. Treatment with 75 mg/kg of the extract significantly reduced nitric oxide concentration in the heart and lungs while each dose of the extract reduced and normalized the malondialdehyde level in the serum. Additionally, malondialdehyde production was significantly decreased in the liver, heart and lungs after administration of Canarium schweinfurthii extract at all doses. Conclusions: The hydroethanolic extract of Canarium schweinfurthii attenuates oxidative stress, and is effective in the treatment of avian salmonellosis.