Antimony Doping Research Articles

Preparation and Characterization of Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticle Modified Water-Borne Polyurethane

Waterborne polyurethane(WPU) emulsion modified by antimony doped tin oxide(ATO) nanoparticles(APU) was prepared with isophorone-diisocyanate(IPDI),polyether diol(N-210),dimethylol propionic acid(DMPA),diethyleneglycol(DEG),trimethylolpropane(TMP) and ATO nanoparticles.Particle size testing and electron transmission microscopy observation showed that ATO nanoparticles was dispersed well in WPU and emulsion particle size was less than 100 nm.FTIR analysis suggested that chemical interaction existed between ATO nanoparticles and WPU.It is found from thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) that the addition of ATO nanoparticles had improved the thermal stability of WPU with the maximum 20 ℃ increase of the maximum thermal decomposition temperature.UV-visible-near infrared absorption and thermal insulation performance tests showed that the film's transmittance at 800~2 500 nm gradually decreased with the increase of the ATO addition amount,while the coating transmittance in the visible region was still more than 70%.Moreover,the thermal resistance rate increased from 1.34×10-2 m2·℃/W to 3.17×10-2 m2·℃/W.

Magnetic and transport properties of transparent SrSn0.9Sb0.05Fe0.05O3 semiconductor films

The effect of antimony doping on the structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of transparent SrSn0.9Sb0.05Fe0.05O3 films synthesized by RF sputtering on oxidized Si and quartz substrates has been investigated. A reduction in electrical resistivity by two orders of magnitude compared to 5% Fe doped SrSnO3 film was observed. The electrical conductivity behavior has been analyzed using the Mott’s Variable range hopping model. The nature of magnetic ordering were investigated by field cooled (FC) and zero field cooled (ZFC) magnetization measurements. The applicability of models based on oxygen vacancies to explain the magnetic ordering present in the sample has been discussed.

First-principle study of electronic structure and stability of Sn 0.5Sb 0.5O 2

A theoretical study on Sb-doped SnO 2 has been carried out by means of periodic density functional theory (DFT) at generalized gradient approximation (GGA) level. Stability and conductivity analyses were performed based on the formation energy and electronic structures. The results show that Sn 0.5Sb 0.5O 2 solid solution is stable because the formation energy of Sn 0.5Sb 0.5O 2 is −0.06 eV. The calculated energy band structure and density of states showed that the band gap of SnO 2 narrowed due to the presence of the Sb impurity energy levels in the bottom of the conduction band, namely there is Sb 5s distribution of electronic states from the Fermi level to the bottom of conduction band after the doping of antimony. The studies provide a theoretical basis to the development and application of Sn 1− x Sb x O 2 solid solution electrode.

Effect of doping level on physical properties of antimony doped nanocrystalline tin oxide films fabricated using low cost spray technique

Antimony doped nanocrystalline tin oxide (SnO2∶Sb) films have been fabricated using a low cost and simple fabrication technique using a perfume atomiser. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) films show that the films are polycrystalline with tetragonal cassiterite structure having (110) plane parallel to the surface of the substrate. The preferred orientation remains constant for all the doping levels (0·5–3·0 at-%) and the degree of preferred orientation increases with increasing doping concentration in the starting solution. The intensity of the (110) plane steadily increases as the doping concentration of antimony increases. The fine quality of AFM images show that the films have homogeneous and uniform surface. The sheet resistance is found to decrease with increasing antimony doping level, attain a minimum value (6·34 Ω sq−1) when the doping concentration is 2·5 at-% and then increase for further doping.

Growth of Metal Nanocrystals on Nanostructured Metal Oxides−Dramatic Effect of Antimony Doping

Unusually high loading of noble metal nanoparticles on nanostructured metal oxide surfaces, like inverse titania or tin oxide opals, was achieved by antimony doping of the metal oxide, which bodes well for their use as supports for heterogeneous catalysis and photocatalysis, chemical sensor, and solar cell applications.

S043034 Sbドープアモルファス炭素膜の合成と電気的特性評価([S04303]環境調和型の表面改質および薄膜コーティング(3))

S043034 Sbドープアモルファス炭素膜の合成と電気的特性評価([S04303]環境調和型の表面改質および薄膜コーティング(3))

Behavior of dopant-modified interfaces in metallic nanocrystalline materials

This article provides a concise discussion of thermodynamic and kinetic contributions to microstructure stabilization by dopant atoms located at interfaces in metallic nanocrystalline materials and an overview of recent molecular dynamics simulations used to study the behavior of dopant-modified interfaces in nanocrystalline copper. Molecular dynamics simulations show that antimony dopant atoms randomly positioned at copper grain boundaries can retard grain growth, in agreement with proposed thermodynamic and kinetic predictions. Simulations of uniaxial tensile deformation show a maximum in the flow strength at a grain size of 15 nm and that antimony dopants at the grain boundaries do not appreciably impact the nucleation of partial or full dislocations during uniaxial tensile deformation in nanocrystalline copper.

Fabrication of Antimony Doped Tin Oxide (ATO) Films For Heat Insulated Glass Coating

The aim of this study is to develop an inexpensive method for preparing transparent and heat insulating tin oxide film. Antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) thin films have wide variety of technical applications, such as high transmission of visible light and heat insulated coatings. Films were formed by the dip-coating of this colloidal suspension. The structure and morphology of these films were analyzed using XRD and SEM analysis. The optical properties of the ATO thin films were investigated using a UV–VIS spectrophotometer. The heat insulating performance was evaluated using Halogen lamps to irradiate a film coated glass which cover on wooden box for two hours. The results of this study indicate that only the SnO phase (tetragonal rutile structure) appeared in X-ray diffraction, and the Sb dopant does not from a second phase. However, the crystallinity of the SnO structure is impaired by the presence of antimony. For the heat insulating performance the ATO coated glass achieves better heat insulation than that of bare glass.

Sb-doped CuAlO2: widening of band gap and nonlinear J–E characteristics

The effect of antimony doping on the optical and electrical properties of copper aluminum oxide synthesized by solid state reaction technique was investigated. Formation of single phase CuAlO2 was confirmed by x-ray diffraction studies. Variation of strain, particle size, and preferred orientation of the crystallites with Sb doping concentrations were analyzed by x-ray diffraction. Using the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy trivalent state of Sb ions was confirmed. A blue shift in the energy band gap with Sb doping was observed, and it was supported by ab initio calculation based on density functional theory. A nonlinear current–voltage characteristic was observed for the Sb-doped CuAlO2 samples whereas the same was linear for the undoped samples. The nonlinearity of the current–voltage characteristics changed significantly at higher temperature, and this behavior was explained.

Blue Photoluminescence of Sol-Gel Derived SnO<sub>2</sub>:Sb Films

By varying the antimony dopant level in the sol-gel solutions, we prepared a series of antimony-doped SnO2 films on slide glass with the sol-gel technique. The transmission, absorption, photoexcitation and photoemission spectra were measured for the sol-gel derived antimony-doped SnO2 films. Under the 300 nm excitation, near untraviolet emission at 390nm and blue emission at 460 nm were recorded from thermally annealed antimony-doped SnO2 films. The effect of the ionic dopant on the photoluminescent properties of the antimony-doped SnO2 films are discussed.

Structural Characterization of Nanocrystalline Sb-Doped SnO2 Xerogels by Multiedge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Multiedge XAS data are presented for Sb-doped SnO2 xerogels dried at 200 °C and fired at 550 °C, aiming to determine the location of antimony doping in the host matrix and then to understand the ro...

Microstructural stability of copper with antimony dopants at grain boundaries: experiments and molecular dynamics simulations

This study presents evidence that the microstructural stability of fine-grained and nanocrystalline Cu is improved by alloying with Sb. Experimentally, Cu100−xSbx alloys are cast in three compositions (Cu-0.0, 0.2, and 0.5 at.%Sb) and extruded into fine-grained form (with average grain diameter of 350 nm) by equal channel angular extrusion. Alloying the Cu specimens with Sb causes an increase in the temperature associated with microstructural evolution to 400 °C, compared to 250 °C for pure Cu. This is verified by measurements of microhardness, ultimate tensile strength, and grain size using transmission electron microscopy. Complementary molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed on nanocrystalline Cu–Sb alloy models (with average grain diameter of 10 nm). MD simulations show fundamentally that Sb atoms placed at random sites along the grain boundaries can stabilize the nanocrystalline Cu microstructure during an accelerated annealing process.

On the behaviour of doped SnO 2 anodes stabilized with platinum in the electrochemical degradation of reactive dyes

In this paper the electrochemical characterisation of Ti/SnO 2–Sb–Pt anodes prepared by thermal decomposition is researched using different techniques. These results were also compared to those obtained for the Ti/SnO 2, Ti/SnO 2–Sb and deactivated Ti/SnO 2–Sb–Pt anodes. SECM technique confirmed the increase of electroactivity observed with the antimony doping and a little amount of platinum. In contrast, deactivated Ti/SnO 2–Sb–Pt anodes showed a drastic decrease in electroactivity. SEM and EDX analyses were also employed to evaluate the differences observed among these anodes. These results corroborated the high service life of Ti/SnO 2–Sb–Pt anodes being very useful for wastewater treatment. COD, HPLC, UV–vis and potential control measurements were also used to verify the viability of these anodes to degrade and decolourise wastewater solutions containing a reactive dye: C.I. Reactive Orange 4. With this purpose, different oxido-reduction electrolyses were carried out in presence of either 0.1 M Na 2SO 4 or 0.1 M NaCl as electrolyte. Although the use of NaCl gave the best results in decolourisation rate, the oxidation efficiency was practically the same independently of what type of electrolyte was used. It was also found that treated solutions presented oxidation-resistant intermediates as final products in all cases.

Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopic properties of Cd1-xSbxS films deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Cd 1 -x Sb x S films ( x = 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2) were deposited by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. The films were deposited on glass substrates at temperatures of 300 °C. The effect of antimony doping on the structural and vibrational (FT-IR and Raman) properties of cadmium sulphide films were examined. Structural investigations of the films showed the hexagonal polycrystalline structure and that the incorporation of antimony leads to substantial changes in the structural characteristics of CdS films. The preferential orientation of the Cd 1 -x Sb x S films shifts from (002) to (101) with increasing x values. The Raman spectrum for CdS films is dominated by an intense band at 301.5 cm -1 (1LO) assigned to the first-order longitudinal optic phonon and the second-order phonon peak 598.5 cm -1 (2LO). Cd 1 -x Sb x S films have been prepared and their FT-IR (400-4000 cm -1 ) spectra are reported for the first time. The vibrations at 550-1164 cm -1 are caused by Cd-S and C-O stretching vibrations.

Structural and superconducting properties of LaFeAs1−x Sb x O1−y F y

We report the antimony (Sb) doping effect in a prototype system of iron-based superconductors LaFeAsO1−y F y (y=0, 0.1, 0.15). X-ray powder diffraction indicates that the lattice parameters increase with Sb content within the doping limit. Rietveld structural refinements show that, with the partial substitution of Sb for As, the thickness of the Fe2As2 layers increases significantly, whereas that of the La2O2 layers shrinks simultaneously. So a negative chemical pressure is indeed “applied” to the superconducting-active Fe2As2 layers, in contrast to the effect of positive chemical pressure by the phosphorus doping. Electrical resistance and magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that, while the Sb doping hardly influences the SDW anomaly in LaFeAsO, it recovers SDW order for the optimally-doped sample of y=0.1. In the meantime, the superconducting transition temperature can be raised up to 30 K in LaFeAs1−x Sb x O1−y F y with x=0.1 and y=0.15. The Sb doping effects are discussed in term of both J 1–J 2 model and Fermi Surface (FS) nesting scenario.

Controlled coating of antimony-doped tin oxide nanoparticles on kaolinite particles

Composite conductive powders of kaolin coated with antimony-doped tin oxide nanoparticles (Sb–SnO 2/kaolin, SSK) were prepared by co-precipitation. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microcopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). Effects of pH value, hydrolysis temperature, kaolin content, content of doped antimony, calcination temperature and time on the resistivity of SSK were studied under the optimum experimental conditions, the resistivity was less than 10 Ω · cm. The rod-like kaolinite particles were coated with a layer of 35 nm thickness of well-crystallized, dense and uniform antimony-doped tin oxide (Sb–SnO 2). A possible mechanism for coating of Sb–SnO 2 nanoparticles on the surface of kaolin rods is proposed.

The Effect of Boron/Antimony on the Brittle-to-Ductile Transition in Silicon Single Crystals

The brittle-to-ductile transition (BDT) in boron or antimony doped Czochralski (CZ) silicon single crystals was investigated by three-point bending. The temperature dependence of the apparent fracture toughness was measured in three different crosshead speeds, indicating that the BDT temperature in boron doped silicon is the same as that in non-doped one while the BDT temperature in antimony doped silicon is lower than that in non-doped one. The activation energy was obtained from the deformation rate dependence of the BDT temperature, suggesting that the dislocation velocity in boron doped silicon is the same as that in non-doped while the dislocation velocity in antimony doped is larger than that in non-doped one. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2010048]

Antimony Doped ZnO Nanorods - A Change From n to p Type?

AbstractThe in-situ aqueous synthesis of ZnO nanorods doped with Sb is presented. To control the inclusion of Sb into the ZnO nanorods structure ethylene glycol (EG) is added to the reaction solution. The addition of EG reduces the rate at which Sb is included in the ZnO rods and produces nanorods with a morphology that is similar to the undoped rods. This is contrary to the rods produced with Sb in the absence of EG which produce a less well ordered structure. An I/V curve taken from individual rods indicates a change in the diode behaviour. The change in I/V behaviour is associated with a change from the natural n-type behaviour of ZnO to a p-type behaviour due to the Sb doping.

Optimization of CIGS-Based PV Device through Antimony Doping

This communication discusses grain size enhancement in CIGS thin films induced by Sb-doping and demonstrates consequent photovoltaic (PV) device performance improvement in CIGS-based solar cells. The chemical-doping approach also shows promise in enabling low-temperature (≤ 400°C) processing of CIGS-based PV technology.

Electron transport properties of antimony doped SnO2 single crystalline thin films grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy

By antimony doping tin oxide, SnO2:Sb (ATO), below 1.0% Sb concentration, controllable n-type doping was realized. Plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy has been used to grow high quality single crystalline epitaxial thin films of unintentionally doped (UID) and Sb-doped SnO2 on r-plane sapphire substrates. A UID thickness series showed an electron concentration of 7.9×1018cm−3 for a 26nm film, which decreased to 2.7×1017cm−3 for a 1570nm film, whereas the mobility increased from 15to103cm2∕Vs, respectively. This series illustrated the importance of a buffer layer to separate unintentional heterointerface effects from the effect of low Sb doping. Unambiguous bulk electron doping was established by keeping the Sb concentration constant but changing the Sb-doped layer thickness. A separate doping series correlated Sb concentration and bulk electron doping. Films containing between 9.8×1017 and 2.8×1020 Sb atoms/cm3 generated an electron concentration of 1.1×1018–2.6×1020cm−3. As the atomic Sb concentration increased, the mobility and resistivity decreased from 110to36cm2∕Vs and 5.1×10−2to6.7×10−4Ωcm, respectively. The Sb concentration was determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy measurements showed no detrimental effects arising from the highest levels of Sb incorporation. Temperature dependent Hall measurements established a lower limit for the Sb electron activation energy of 13.2meV and found that films with greater than 4.9×1019electrons∕cm3 were degenerately doped. Within experimental uncertainties, 100% donor efficiency was determined for Sb-doped SnO2 in the range studied.