Antimicrobial Activity Of Thymol Research Articles

Enhanced Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of Chitosan Films Blended with Gallic Acid and Incorporated with Thymol Silver Nanoparticles

In the present study, an attempt has been made to build and evaluate Chitosan+Glycerol/Gallic acid/Thymol-silver nanoparticles or chitosan blended (C+G/GA/T-SNPs) film to significantly improve antioxidant and antibacterial activity for accelerated wound healing. Methanolic Gallic acid is used for the first time in antibacterial chitosan control (C+G) films. All developed films, compounds was Thymol and Gallic acid and their synthesized Thymol silver nanoparticles (T-SNPs) and Gallic acid silver nanoparticles (GA-SNPs) were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential (ZP), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. T-SNPs and GA-SNPs are rod and spherical in shape and were sufficient to reduce, capped, and stabilize. T-SNPs and GA-SNPs were measured Dynamic Light scattering and found to be 123.2 nm and 121.1 nm with surface charges of -19.7 and -20.3 respectively. The incorporation of methanolic Gallic acid and T-SNPs into chitosan films, as predicted, effectively enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of Thymol, T-SNPs and C+G/GA/T-SNPs film showed more zone of inhibition than Gallic acid, GA-SNPs and C+G film. The elasticity, texture and folding endurance of the C+G film and C+G/GA/T-SNPs films have been substantially improved. The ecological quality of the generated C+G and C+G/GA/T-SNPs film was determined by the assessment of soil degradation and water degradation parameters. These findings lead to the conclusion that the C+G/GA/T-SNPs film produced with Gallic acid and T-SNPs can improve wound healing.
 Keywords: Chitosan, Gallic Acid, Thymol Silver Nanoparticles, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties.

Antimicrobial Activity of Thymol and Thymol-Nanoemulsion Against Three Food-Borne Pathogens Inoculated in a Sausage Model

Antimicrobial Activity of Thymol and Thymol-Nanoemulsion Against Three Food-Borne Pathogens Inoculated in a Sausage Model

Comparison of antimicrobial activity of thymol and carvacrol to chlorhexidine in surgery

Currently, there is a constant search for new chemical compounds through plant extracts and phytochemical compounds that do not cause so many side effects in the oral cavity and that have good antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the present study evaluated the synergistic antimicrobial efficacy of mouthwashes containing thymol and carvacrol when compared with 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash after bilateral lower third molar extraction. Nineteen healthy (male and female) patients (n = 19) aged between 18 and 30 years, of both sexes, treated at the Faculty of Dentistry of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS, MS, Brazil) participated in this study. All patients were submitted to two different therapeutic treatments, divided into two groups: group 1 (control) - patient used 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash solution; group 2 (experimental) - patient used 0.05% thymol and 0.025% carvacrol solutions. The suture was removed at seven postoperative days and aseptically transferred to a tube containing sterile potassium buffer saline solution. Samples were submitted to microbiological analysis at the Microbiology Laboratory at UFMS. The mean and standard deviation of colony forming units/ml of isolate microorganisms in the suture grown in BHI agar obtained from the control and experimental groups were 4.766 x 106 ± 4.069 and 4.847 x 106 ± 3.971, respectively. In conclusion, the thymol and carvacrol based mouthwash showed antimicrobial effectivity in biofilm adherence of the silk thread after extraction of third molars.

Antimicrobial activity and toxicity of glass ionomer cement containing an essential oil.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and toxicity of glass ionomer cement (GIC) modified with 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)phenol (thymol) against Streptococcus mutans in silico and in vitro. The antimicrobial activity of thymol on GIC modified with concentrations of 2% (GIC-2) and 4% (GIC-4) was evaluated in a model of planktonic cell biofilm using agar diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), dynamic biofilm (continuous flow cell parallel), and bacterial kinetics. Conventional GIC (GIC-0) was used as a control. Thymol toxicity was evaluated in Artemia salina and in silico using Osiris® software. Differences between groups were estimated by analysis of variance, followed by Tukey post hoc test, with a 5% significance level. The results of the agar diffusion test between groups were not significantly different (P≥0.05). Thymol had potential bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against Streptococcus mutans with respect to planktonic growth, with MIC of 100 µg/mL and MBC of 400 µg/mL. The groups GIC-0, GIC-2, and GIC-4 reduced the biofilm by approximately 10, 85, and 95%, respectively. Bacterial kinetics showed efficiency of the modified GICs for up to 96 h. GIC with thymol was effective against S. mutans, with significant inhibition of the biofilms. Analyses in silico and using Artemia salina resulted in no relevant toxicity, suggesting potential for use in humans. GIC-2 was effective against S. mutans biofilm, with decreased cell viability.

Antimicrobial activity of free and liposome-encapsulated thymol and carvacrol against Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus adhered to stainless steel

Antimicrobial activity of thymol, carvacrol and thymol/carvacrol liposomes (TCL) was evaluated against two bacterial pools, each one consisting of four strains of Staphylococcus aureus or Salmonella enterica. TCL were prepared using thin-film hydration, showing 270.20nm average diameter (polydispersity index of 0.33) and zeta potential of +39.99mV. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of thymol, carvacrol and TCL against S. aureus pool was 0.662mg/ml, while MIC for Salmonella pool was 0.331mg/ml for thymol and carvacrol, and for TCL was 0.662mg/ml. Bacterial pools (8.0logCFU/ml), allowed in contact on stainless steel AISI 304 coupons in UHT skim milk for 15min, resulted in adhered populations of 5.6–6.1logCFU/cm2. Adhered S. aureus (±6.1logCFU/cm2) were inhibited after 1-min and 10-min treatments using thymol or carvacrol at MIC and 2.0 MIC. Reductions of 1.47–1.76logCFU/cm2 and 1.87–2.04logCFU/cm2 were obtained using 0.5 MIC of thymol and carvacrol, respectively. A 10-min contact with free (MIC and 2.0 MIC) and encapsulated (MIC) antimicrobials inhibited attached Salmonella (±6.0logCFU/cm2); however, after 1-min of contact, 2.0 MIC of thymol and carvacrol were not able to inactivate adhered Salmonella MIC of TCL inactivated S. aureus and Salmonella after 10min; however, after 1-min contact, adhered S. aureus and Salmonella populations were decreased in 1.62logCFU/cm2 and 2.01logCFU/cm2, respectively. Considering antimicrobial concentrations and contact times, thymol, carvacrol, and TCL could be employed in food-contact surfaces to prevent biofilm formation at early stages of bacterial attachment. Further investigations should be performed considering long-term antibacterial effects of TCL.

Use of natural compounds to improve the microbial stability of Amaranth-based homemade fresh pasta

A study on the use of natural antimicrobial compounds to improve the microbiological stability of refrigerated amaranth-based homemade fresh pasta is presented in this work. In particular, the antimicrobial activity of thymol, lemon extract, chitosan and grapefruit seed extract (GFSE) has been tested against mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, total coliforms, Staphylococcus spp., yeasts and moulds. A sensory analysis on both fresh and cooked pasta was also run. Results suggest that chitosan and GFSE strongly increase the microbial acceptability limit of the investigated spoilage microorganisms, being the former the most effective. Thymol efficiently reduces the growth of mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria and Staphylococcus spp., whereas it does not affect, substantially, the growth cycle of total coliforms. Lemon extract is the less effective in preventing microbial growth. In fact, it is able to delay only total mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacterial evolution. From a sensorial point of view no significant differences were recorded between the control samples and all the types of loaded amaranth-based pasta.

Activity of thymol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on oral bacteria

The antimicrobial activity of thymol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol alone or combined was tested by micromethods on eight oral bacteria. The compounds showed an inhibitory activity on seven microorganisms and a synergistic effect was observed with certain combinations. The four compounds can be used alone or combined, as eugenol and thymol, eugenol and carvacrol, thymol and carvacrol, during the treatment of oral infectious diseases.