Abstract-The essential oil of Juniperus phoenicea was obtained by hydrodistillation method using Clevenger-type apparatus with a yield of 1.9 % and was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Twelve volatile ompounds were identified representing 99,85% of the total oil composition, while the α-pinene (78,31%), β-Myrcene (11,92%) and limonene (3,96%) were the major compounds. This essential oil was evaluated as an antibacterial and antifungal agent. The result showed that the oil presents a high biological activity as an antibacterial agent against the three tested strains Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginos. It's also active as an antifungal agent against the Candida albicans with a zone inhibition of 28 mm.