Anti-corrosion Ability Research Articles

Renewable galactomannan-based biogums with structure regulation to protect zinc metal anodes via blocking and confinement effect

Galactomannan-based biogums were derived from fenugreek, guar, tara, and carob and consisted of mannose and galactose with different ratios, as well as the implementation of high-value utilization was very significant for sustainable development. In this work, renewable and low-cost galactomannan-based biogums were designed and developed as functional coatings protected on the Zn metal anodes. The molecule structure of galactomannan-based biogums were explored on the effect of anticorrosion ability and uniform deposition behavior through the introduction of fenugreek gum, guar gum, tara gum, and carob gum with different ratios of mannose to galactose as 1.2:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1. The existence of biogum protective layers can reduce the contact area between Zn anodes and aqueous electrolyte to enhance the anticorrosion ability of Zn anodes. Rich oxygen-containing groups in galactomannan-based biogums can coordinate with Zn2+ and Zn atoms to form ion conductivity gel layer and adsorb closely on the surface of Zn metal, which can induce uniform deposition of Zn2+ to avoid dendrite growth. Zn electrodes protected by biogums can cycle impressively for 1980 h with 2 mA cm−2 and 2 mAh cm−2. This work can provide a novel strategy to enhance Zn metal anodes' electrochemical performance, as well as implement the high-value application of biomass-based biogums as functional coatings.

Corrosion inhibition and stability enhancement of cobalt phosphide in aqueous solution by coating TiO2 layer

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) exhibit excellent performance in many fields, and possess low over-potential and high activity for H2 generation in water splitting, but the TMPs application has been limited by its deactivation due to corrosion in aqueous media. Developing corrosion resistance strategies is beneficial for overcoming the instability of TMPs in aqueous media reactions. In this work, the reaction of cobalt phosphide (CoxP) with H2O has been studied in detail. The reaction of CoxP and water induced formation of hydrogen and Co2+ and PO43− ions. The corrosion rate and degree of CoxP in water are dependent on the crystal structure, morphology, and surface composition. The concentration of Co2+ and PO43− in CoxP water mixture was 27.6 and 33.0 mg L−1, respectively, and 64.9 μmol of H2 was formed after 3 h of reaction in the dark at 50 °C. As a result, Co(OH)2 was formed on the CoxP surface. Coating a TiO2 protective layer on the surface of CoxP could inhibit self-corrosion. Increasing the TiO2 loading and high-temperature annealing can enhance the anti-corrosion ability of CoxP effectively.

Adsorptive investigation of the anticorrosion properties of natural chrysin on carbon steel in acid–chloride system: combined theoretical and experimental approach

Purpose Owing to the toxicity, biodegradability, and cost of most corrosion inhibitors, research attention is now focused on the development of environmentally benign, biodegradable, cheap, and efficient options. In consideration of these facts, chrysin, a phytocompound of Populus tomentosa (Chinese white poplar) has been isolated and investigated for its anticorrosion abilities on carbon steel in a mixed acid and chloride system. This highlights the main purpose of the study. Design/methodology/approach Chrysin was isolated from Populus tomentosa using column chromatography and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The investigations are outlined based on theory (Fukui indices, condensed density functional theory and molecular dynamic simulation) and experiments (electrochemical, gravimetry and surface morphology examinations). Findings Theoretical evaluations permitted the description of the adsorption characteristics, and molecular interactions and orientations of chrysin on Fe substrate. The interaction energy for protonated and neutral chrysin on Fe (110) were −149.10 kcal/mol and −143.28 kcal/mol, respectively. Moreover, experimental investigations showed that chrysin is a potent mixed-type corrosion inhibitor for steel, whose effectiveness depends on its surrounding temperature and concentration. The optimum inhibition efficiency of 78.7% after 24 h for 1 g/L chrysin at 298 K indicates that the performance of chrysin, as a pure compound, compares favorably with other phytocompounds and plant extracts investigated under similar conditions. However, the inhibition efficiency decreased to 62.5% and 51.8% at 318 K after 48 h and 72 h, respectively. Originality/value The novelty of this study relies on the usage of a pure compound in corrosion suppression investigation, thus eliminating the unknown influences obtainable by the presence of multi-phytocompounds in plant extracts, thereby advancing the commercialization of bio-based corrosion inhibitors.

Degradable Waterborne Polyurethane with Flame Retardancy and High Mechanical Strength via Synergy of Hydrogen Bonds

Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with degradability is critical to the environment. Especially, degradable WPU with high mechanical strength and flame retardancy features various important industrial applications, while the increased flame retardancy often leads to reduced mechanical strength. Herein, we report the simultaneous realization of degradability, flame retardancy, and high mechanical strength into one design. The tensile strength of degradable WPU is up to 39 MPa and can be tuned by the ratio of soft segments. The strong synergistic hydrogen bond interactions of different components confirmed by FTIR and XPS as well as molecular dynamics simulation are responsible for the excellent mechanical strength. Moreover, WPU achieves the highest “V0” level of flame retardancy. The simultaneous realization of the stress of 35 MPa and a limiting oxygen index of 27.55% is obtained by changing the flame retardant contents. Importantly, WPU possesses degradability with a mass loss rate of 37% after natural burial in soil for 3 months. The dense WPU coatings can be adhered to different substrates and also have good anticorrosion ability. This work provides a promising strategy for high-performance biodegradable materials and expands the industrial application of polyurethane.

Thermally conductive and anti-corrosive epoxy composite coatings by synchronously incorporating boron nitride/graphene fillers and polyvinyl pyrrolidone

With the development of modern science and technology, the coatings with the single function of anti-corrosion have failed to cover the special requirements in various practical applications. Particularly, the good heat dissipation effect of anti-corrosive coatings is highly demanded in some devices like electrical machinery, heat exchanger and printed circuit board. Here, a facile, eco-friendly, low-cost method is developed to fabricate thermally conductive and anti-corrosive composite coatings by mixing fillers (including boron nitride (BN) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and waterborne epoxy resin (WER). The hybridization of BN and GNP is used to provide more barriers to delay the penetration of corrosive medium and construct a denser heat conduction network in the composite coatings. PVP is selected as the compatibilizer to further improve the anti-corrosion and thermal conductivity of composite coatings. The effects of filler types and contents on the anti-corrosive and thermally conductive properties are researched. At the loading of 30 wt% BN and 0.5 wt% GNP, the BN@GNP/PVP/WER coating reaches the optimizing anti-corrosive ability, where the |Z| value holds around 6.5 × 109 Ω cm2 after soaking in the corrosive medium for 7 days, and the Icorr and Ecorr values are 1.9 × 10−9 A/cm2 and -0.62742 V, respectively. Meanwhile, this coating displays great heat conduction with the thermal conductivity of 0.87 W/mK at about 30 wt% filler loading. Moreover, the electrical properties and hydrophilicity of coatings at different filler formulations are studied. It is worth noting that the higher electrical conductivity of the coatings at higher GNP content may accelerate the corrosion rate. This study provides a simple route for the design and manufacture of highly anti-corrosive and heat-conducting composite coatings, which exhibits great potential application in next-generation electronic packaging and devices.

Effects of negative voltage on microstructure, electrical insulating, anti-corrosion, and thermal physical performance of plasma electrolytic oxidation coating on SiCp/Al composite

PEO coating microstructure on SiCp/Al composites under the influence of negative pulse are comparatively studied. Results show that the cross-sectional porosity is significantly reduced to 5.1%. The electrical insulation performance of coatings initially improves and then declines as the negative voltage rises from 0 V to 120 V, which is attributed that either an excessively low or excessively high negative voltage is insufficient to improve the internal defects of the coating. Among all the coatings, the coating obtained at +500 V/−80 V (i.e., N80) possesses better electrical insulation (with breakdown voltage of 736 ± 15 V, dielectric strength of 16.3 ± 0.3 V/μm, electrical resistivity of 1.51 × 1011 Ω∙cm), better dielectric performance, higher optical band gap value, making it appropriate for usage as electronic packaging or dielectric materials. The impedance modulus at low frequency of N80 coating is two to three times higher than that of N0, N40, and N120 coating, providing a long-term anti-corrosion ability for the substrate, during the 72-hour immersion. Additionally, the coatings display a high infrared emissivity in the waveband of 8–20 μm (>0.9) to achieve good radiation and heat dissipation effect. Thus, a reasonable negative voltage used in coating preparation does effectively diminish internal structural defects, enhancing coating performance.

Corrosion inspired inhibitor releasing for BTA@ZIF-8 modified epoxy coatings in seawater environment

The BTA@ZIF-8 mico-particles were prepared by loading benzotriazole (BTA) onto ZIF-8 according to a one-pot method, which had been used to modify the epoxy anti-corrosion coatings. It was found that the BTA could be successfully loaded onto ZIF-8 and the weight percentage of the loaded BTA was about 29 wt%. The results showed that the wet bond strength of BTA@ZIF-8 modified coatings increased by 52 % compared to the pure epoxy coatings. According to the EIS analysis, the impedance values for all the coatings were greater than 104 Ω cm2 after immersion for 0.5 h. When the immersed time lasted for 228 h, the impedance values for the pure epoxy coatings decreased to 103 Ω cm2, while the impedance values for the ZB-0.7 coatings were still above 104 Ω cm2, which indicated that the anti-corrosion performance of the EP coatings could be effectively improved by the addition of BTA@ZIF-8. The outstanding anti-corrosion ability of BTA@ZIF-8 modified epoxy coatings can be attributed to that the BTA loaded on ZIF-8 could be inspired releasing by initial corrosion to form an inhibitor film on the metal surface.

Two-dimensional lamellar MXene nanosheets/waterborne epoxy composite coating: Dopamine triggered surface modification and long-term anticorrosion performance

The two-dimensional lamellar MXene nanosheets have exhibited remarkable potential in enhancing the corrosion resistance of waterborne epoxy (WEP) coating because of their excellent mechanical strength and physical barrier effect. However, the inherent instability of MXene in aqueous environments posed a significant challenge due to its susceptibility to oxidation and decomposition. Moreover, the excellent electrical conductivity of MXene can trigger galvanic corrosion, accelerating the rate of corrosion in coatings. To overcome these limitations, a facial surface functionalization of MXene nanosheets via one-step dopamine-triggered crosslinking with polyethyleneimine was developed, which was applied to reinforce the waterborne epoxy coating by a simple spraying technique. The efficient dispersion of functional filler, enhanced physical barrier, and interface compatibility contributed to the exceptional anticorrosion ability of WEP coating. Uniquely, the impedance of the 0.5 wt% modified MXene/WEP composite coating remained at 2.72 × 108 Ω·cm2 (at 0.01 Hz) after immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl for 30 days, even with the coating thickness of around 55 ± 5 µm. This value was two orders of magnitude higher than neat WEP coating. Therefore, this work expanded the use of two-dimensional lamellar MXene nanosheets as functional fillers for realizing the long-term anti-corrosion ability of the waterborne epoxy coating.

Polypyrrole-based nanocomposites doped with both salicylate/molybdate and graphene oxide for enhanced corrosion resistance on low-carbon steel

ABSTRACTIn this work, polypyrrole-based nanocomposites doped with graphene oxide, molybdate, and salicylate (PPy/GO/Mo/Sal) were synthesized via in situ electrochemical polymerization to enhance the anti-corrosion protection performance of polymer coatings. The morphology and structures of the coatings were characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and XRD. The protection abilities of coatings against corrosion were investigated in 0.1 M NaCl solution with EIS potentiodynamic polarization, salt spray test, and open-circuit potential (OCP) measurements. The results showed that with the presence of both molybdate/salicylate and GO in the PPy matrix, the nanocomposite coating exhibited an excellent protection ability against corrosion for low-carbon steel, better than that with only GO as filler. Compared to the nanocomposites doped with only salicylate or salicylate/GO, the one doped with both molybdate/salicylate and GO exhibited the longest protection plateau (ca. 100 h) on the OCP-time curves with some fluctuation points known as the self-healing action of molybdate dopant. It also resulted in a decrease in the corrosion current (Tafel plots), a higher impedance (Bode plot), and a better protection performance in salt spray tests. In this case, the anti-corrosion ability of the coatings was provided through a barrier and self-healing mechanism.

Complete Genome Sequencing and Bacteriocin Functional Characterization of Pediococcus ethanolidurans CP201 from Daqu.

This study aims to sequence the whole genome of Pediococcus ethanolidurans CP201 isolated from Daqu and determine the anti-corrosion ability of bacteriocins on chicken breast. The whole genome sequence information of P. ethanolidurans CP201 was analyzed, and its gene structure and function were explored. It was found that gene1164 had annotations in the NR, Pfam, and Swiss-Prot databases, and was related to bacteriocins. The exogenous expression of the bacteriocin gene Pediocin PE-201 was analyzed based on the pET-21b vector and the host BL21, and the corresponding bacteriocin was successfully expressed under the induction of IPTG. After purification by NI-NTA column, enterokinase treatment, membrane dialysis concentration treatment, and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, the molecular weight was about 6.5kDa and the purity was above 90%. By applying different concentrations of bacteriocin to chicken breast with different levels of contamination, the control of pathogenic bacteria, the ordinary contamination level (OC) group, and the high contamination level (MC) group could be completely achieved with 25mg/L bacteriocin. In conclusion, the bacteriocin produced by the newly isolated CP201 can be applied to the preservation of meat products to prevent the risk of food-borne diseases.

A self-healing epoxy composite coating based on pH-responsive PCN-222 smart containers for long-term anticorrosion of aluminum alloy

A novel pH-responsive smart container system has been developed using the metal-organic framework PCN-222 for the purpose of self-healing anticorrosion coating on Al alloy. The inhibitors 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) incorporate with PCN-222 by binding tightly to Zr6 clusters and porphyrin of PCN-222 via hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking, ensuring high loading and pH-triggered release activity. Additionally, PCN-222 interacts covalently with epoxy resin, prompting the dispersion of 8-HQ@PCN-222 and crosslinking of the epoxy coating. The resulting 8HQ@PCN-222 composite provides good compatibility with epoxy resin and impressive self-healing performance, all of which contribute to the long-lasting anticorrosion ability of the composite coating.

Iridium-based catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in acidic media: Mechanism, catalytic promotion effects and recent progress

Iridium (Ir)-based catalysts are highly efficient for the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to high stability and anti-corrosion ability in the strong acid electrolyte. Recently, intensive attention has been directed to novel, efficient, and low-cost Ir-based catalysts to overcome the challenges of their application in the water electrolysis technique. To make a comprehensive understanding of the recently developed Ir-based catalysts and their catalytic properties, the mechanism and catalytic promotion principles of Ir-based catalysts were discussed for OER in the acid condition aimed for the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) in this review. The OER catalytic mechanisms of the adsorbate evolution mechanism and the lattice oxygen mechanism were first presented and discussed for easy understanding of the catalytic mechanism; a brief perspective analysis of promotion principles from the aspects of geometric effect, electronic effect, synergistic effect, defect engineering, support effect was concluded. Then, the latest progress and the practical application of Ir-based catalysts were introduced in detail, which was classified into the varied composition of Ir catalyst in terms of alloys, hetero-element doping, perovskite, pyrochlore, heterostructure, core–shell structure, and supported catalysts. Finally, the problems and challenges faced by the current Ir-based catalyst in the acidic electrolyte were put forward. It is concluded that highly efficient catalysts with low Ir loading should be developed in the future, and attention should be paid to probing the structural and performance correlation, and their application in real PEMWE devices.Hopefully, the current effort can be helpful in the catalysis mechanism understanding of Ir-based catalysts for OER, and instructive to the novel efficient catalysts design and fabrication.

Impressive reinforcement on the anti-corrosion ability of the commercial fluorocarbon paint via nitrogen-doped super-easily-dispersed graphene

Impressive reinforcement on the anti-corrosion ability of the commercial fluorocarbon paint via nitrogen-doped super-easily-dispersed graphene

Complex films formed on Al alloy surface via vapor phase assembly of benzotriazole and dodecyltrimethoxysilane

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effect of vapor assembly sequence and assembly temperature on the corrosion protection of the complex silane films Al alloy. The performance and application range of silane films are enhanced.Design/methodology/approachThe complex silane films were successfully prepared on the surface of aluminum alloy using via vapor phase assembly of 1,2,3-benzotriazole (BTA) and dodecyltrimethoxysilanes (DTMS). The protection of the assembly films against corrosion of Al alloy is investigated by the electrochemical measurements and the alkaline solution accelerated corrosion test. Thickness and hydrophobicity of the complex films are studied using ellipsometric spectroscopy and contact angle tests.FindingsIt shows that the anti-corrosion ability of the complex films is overall superior to that of the single-component assembled films. DTMS-BTA films have larger thickness and best anti-corrosion ability. The alkyl chains in DTMS have better compatibility with BTA molecules. The rigid BTA molecule can permeate into the long alkyl chain of DTMS as fillers and improve the barrier properties of the complex films.Originality/valueIn this paper, a green and efficient method of vapor phase assembly is proposed to rust prevention during manufacture of Al alloy workpiece.

Role of Cr in the Anticorrosion Ability of Weathering Steel Based on the Microcharacteristics of Synthetic α-FeOOH in the Presence of Cr(III)

Role of Cr in the Anticorrosion Ability of Weathering Steel Based on the Microcharacteristics of Synthetic α-FeOOH in the Presence of Cr(III)

High performance self-healing polymeric nanocomposite coatings

In this article, bio-derived, self-healing nanocomposites are prepared using nanofillers, MWCNTs, TiO2 nanoparticles and hybrid of MWCNTs/TiO2. The hybrid nanofillers are prepared by decorating the MWCNTs with TiO2 nanoparticles. The ultrasonication technique was used to develop the nanocomposites. The addition of nanofillers has significantly improved the thermal stability, micromechanical properties, and anticorrosive ability of self-healing polymeric coatings. The influence of addition of different nanofillers on the surface roughness as well as on adhesive strength of the self-healing materials has also been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and pull off adhesion tester. A comparison is carried out among the three types of nanofillers, for different properties. The results obtained indicate that the adhesion strength of the thermo-reversible self-healing polymeric matrix increased up to 317 % by the addition of 0.4 wt% loading ratio of inorganic nanofillers.

Influence of Ru content on mechanical, corrosion and oxidation behaviors of WC-15Co cemented carbides

In this work, ruthenium (Ru) was used as an additive for improving the microstructure, mechanical, corrosion and oxidation behaviors of WC-15Co alloy. By analysis, Ru could facilitate the formation of cubic carbides free layer (CCFL), refine the WC crystallite size and enhance the anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation abilities of alloy. The highest hardness, fracture toughness as well as transverse rupture strength (TRS) values of alloys could be obtained by adding 3.0 wt% Ru at the same time. However, all of these properties decreased simultaneously when the Ru content exceeded 3.0 wt%. For corrosion and oxidation behaviors, when the Ru content was 5.0 wt%, the anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation abilities of alloy were the strongest. Thus, an appropriate amount of Ru was regarded as an excellent additive for enhancing the properties of cemented carbides. The strengthening mechanism of Ru was attributed to grain refinement, solution strengthening and the formation of dense oxides (Co3O4 and CoWO4).

Anti-corrosion Behavior of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub> Composite Electrokinetic Nanoparticles on Reinforced Concrete

Electromigration of electrokinetic nanoparticles in concrete structures is an effective approach to enhancing pore structure and retarding the transportation rate of chloride ions. However, there is limited research on the impact of stable positively charged electrokinetic nanoparticles on the corrosion behavior of reinforced concrete. In this paper, the structure of reinforced concrete was optimized by controllably Al2O3@SiO2 composite electrokinetic nanoparticles driven by a direct current electric field, and the influence of synthesis parameters, such as reaction time and temperature, on the modified silica sol was discussed. After 14 days of electromigration, spherical nanoparticles were found at depths of 5 to 10 mm inside the concrete. The porosity of the concrete reduced from 26.2% to 9.9%, with the most desirable pore size decreasing from 96.3 nm to 40.3 nm. After 9 months of dry and wet cycling, the electrokinetic nanoparticle-treated samples demonstrated a higher corrosion potential and a lower corrosion current density. Electromigration of electrokinetic nanoparticles slowed the transportation rate of chloride ions and significantly reduced their content in the concrete. Additionally, the Al2O3@SiO2 layer coating on the steel further enhanced its anti-corrosion ability, effectively inhibiting the corrosion of the reinforcement in concrete.

Synthesis, Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface interactions, anti-corrosion analysis, DFT calculations, Docking studies and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of a new zwitterion Schiff base

The title compound Schiff base (SB) named: (6E)-3-benzyloxy-6- [ [ [2‑hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino]methylene]cyclohexa-2,4‑dien-1-one(I) (C18 H21 N O5), was synthesized via the reaction of 4-benzyloxy-2‑hydroxy-benzaldehyde with 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (Trizma)and characterized by single-crystal diffraction XRD, infrared spectra, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. It crystallizes as a zwitterion, (E)-5-(benzyloxy)-2-(((1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl)iminio)methyl)phenolate (II), with the phenolic H atom having migrated to the imino group. Additionally,Hirshfeld surface analysis (HS), two-dimensional fingerprint plots and energy frameworks of II were calculated to quantify the interatomic interactions present in the crystal.The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compound was evaluated by five tests: ABTS, DPPH, O-pH, SNP and reducing power activity. Furthermore, molecular docking calculations were performed for SB compound at the active site of mushroom tyrosinase (PDB ID:2Y9X) to determine the binding affinity between the title compound and receptor protein. Results reveal a great affinity (-6.16 kcal/mol) of the SB to the protein that is mainly dominated by hydrogen bonds. In this work, experimentally, the assessment of the anti-corrosion ability of this compound by different methods showed excellent inhibition. On the other hand, anti-corrosion potentials of title compound have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) in gas and solvent phases. Chemical reactivity descriptors like global hardness (η), chemical potential (u), electronegativity (χ), electrophilicity (ω) and number of transferred electrons (ΔN) were computed at ωB97XD with 6–311+g(d) basis set. The local reactive sites on this compound were studied using Fukui indices, local philicity index and dual descriptor. The quantum chemical calculation suggests a good charge transfer tendency from the title compound to the low-lying vacant d-orbitals of iron (The average value of charge transfer is ΔNIII/Fe.≈ 2.21 and ΔNIII/Cu.≈ 0.07). The C7 atom is the nucleophilic sites (Δf(r)C7 ≈ 0.25) on the inhibitor for effective interaction on the metal surface as shown by local reactive descriptor in gas and solvent. Furthermore, the results obtained from DFT and TD-DFT studies are in excellent agreement with experimental data (structure geometry (RMS Error ≈ 0.3 Å), optical properties (λexp-Cal ≈18 nm) and inhibition efficiencies).

Surface Control Behavior toward Crystal Regulation and Anticorrosion Capacity for Zinc Metal Anodes

The commercial application of high-safety aqueous zinc (Zn) secondary batteries is hindered by the poor cycling life of Zn metal anodes. Here we propose a dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution corrosion reaction mechanism from the binding energy of the deposited crystal plane on the Zn surface and the adsorption energy of H2O molecules on different crystal planes as well as the binding energy of H2O molecules with Zn2+ ions. The biomass-based alkyl polyglucoside (APG) surfactant is adopted as an electrolyte additive of 0.15% to regulate the preferential growth of a parallel Zn(002) plane and enhance the anticorrosion ability of Zn metal anodes. The robust binding and adsorption energies of APG with Zn2+ ions in the aqueous electrolyte and the Zn(002) plane on Zn surface generate a synergistic effect to increase the concentration of Zn2+ ions on the APG-adsorbed Zn(002) plane, endowing the continuous growth of the preferential parallel Zn(002) plane and the excellent anticorrosion capacity. Accordingly, the long-term cycle stability of 4000 h can be achieved for Zn anodes with APG additives, which is better than that with pure ZnSO4 electrolyte. With the addition of APG in the anolyte electrolyte, Zn-I2 full cells display excellent cycling performance (70 mAh g-1 after 20000 cycles) as compared with that without APG additives.