Urinary Antibody Research Articles

Dengue Specific Immunoglobulin A Antibody is Present in Urine and Associated with Disease Severity.

The kinetics of dengue virus (DENV)-specific IgA antibody in urine and the potential correlation with disease severity remain elusive. In this study, 262 serial urine samples from 78 laboratory-confirmed patients were assayed by a commercial immunoglobulin A (IgA) kit against DENV. All cases were classified into dengue fever (DF) and severe dengue (SD) according to the 2009 WHO/TDR guideline. The total positive rate of IgA in urine was 59%. DENV-specific IgA was detected in urine from day 2 to day 13 after the onset of illness in DF patients; While for SD patients, anti-DENV IgA could be detected till day 14. The positive rate of IgA in patients with secondary infection was higher than that in patients with primary infection. Importantly, during 4–7 days after the onset of illness, the IgA positive rate of SD patients was significantly higher than that of DF patients. Especially, the intensity of IgA signal in SD patients was obviously stronger than that in DF patient at the recovery stage. Overall, our results suggested that the existence of DENV-specific IgA antibodies in urine might be a warning sign for the severity of disease and its measurement might provide valuable guidance for proper patient management.

Assessment of Urinary Tract Infection and Anti Lactoferrin Antibodies Levels in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that may be triggered by urinary tract infection (UTI) especially if they are investigated in the presence of lactoferrin antibodies. The objective is to determine anti lactoferrin antibodies in RA and its association with urinary tract infection. Out of 162 autoimmunity Iraqi patients, UTI and levels of anti lactoferrin antibodies were assessed in 98 (60.49 %) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), compared with 30 apparently healthy control and 74.48 % were observed to have UTI, the predominant bacteria identified as a cause of UTI; Proteus spp. was present as a single causative pathogen in 58.90 %, while E. coli was observed in 17.80 %. Anti lactoferrin antibodies were significantly higher in RA patients was observed in UTI+ve versus UTI-ve cases in total patients compared with healthy control that P value (≤0.05).

Increased Granulocyte Heparanase Activity in Neutrophils from Patients with Lupus Nephritis and Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy

Heparanase is a β-glucuronidase that cleaves sugar chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. It is believed that heparanase may be involved in the pathogenesis of proteinuria. The aim of this study was to assess the significance of heparanase in the pathogenesis of particular glomerulonephritis types. The evaluation of heparanase activity in serum, urine, and granulocytes and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in granulocytes of patients with lupus nephritis (n = 17), membranous nephropathy (n = 11), IgA nephropathy (n = 12), focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (n = 18), mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (n = 12) and in 19 healthy volunteers were performed. The heparanase activity in granulocytes of patients with lupus nephritis and membranous nephropathy was higher than heparanase activity in granulocytes in the control group (p = 0.02 in both cases). This is the first observation of this phenomenon. There was no difference between SOD activity in granulocytes of patients with all assessed types of glomerulonephritis and the control group. A positive correlation between heparanase activity in urine and double-strain DNA antibodies (r = 0.51; p = 0.04), and reverse correlations between heparanase in urine and hemolytic activity of the complement (r = −0.57; p = 0.03) in the lupus nephritis group, and between heparanase activity in granulocytes and serum total protein level (r = −0.69; p = 0.02) in membranous nephropathy were observed. Increase in heparanase activity without changes in superoxide dismutase activity in the granulocytes from patients with lupus nephritis and membranous nephropathy was observed. It may be used as one of the markers of these disease activities.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM AND URINARY HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70 LEVEL ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

The levels of urinary heat shock protein-70 and serum antibodies to the heat shock protein-70 were assessed in 79 patients with different course variants of the chronic glomerulonephritis. The indices studied were higher in patients with an active course of the disease (expressed urinary and nephritic syndromes, especially if associated with transient renal disturbances which reflected the degree of lesion and activation of the renal self-defence system. Decrease of the serum level of antibodies to the heat shock protein-70 was an unfavorable factor of the nephrotic syndrome persistence despite the immunosuppressive therapy.

Kinetic analysis of specific antibodies in serum and urine of experimentally Encephalitozoon cuniculi-infected rabbits

Kinetic analysis of specific antibodies in serum and urine of experimentally <i>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</i>-infected rabbits

Accuracy of a Stick-type Kit and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori Antibodies in Urine

Introduction: In Japan, both a novel stick-type kit and ELISA kit are available for detection of antibody to Helicobacter pylori in urine. Since urine samples can be obtained non-invasively and safely, these tests have been considered to be useful for the screening of H. pylori infection. However, only a small number of studies have estimated the accuracy of these tests. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical usefulness of this urine-based ELISA kit comparing with other non-invasive tests. Methods: Urine samples were obtained from 559 subjects who visited Sawada Clinic of Internal Medicine for the screening of gastric cancer. Subjects taking PPI and having previous gastric surgery were excluded. Urine samples from 359 subjects were tested using a novel stick-type urinary H. pylori antibodies detection kit (RAPIRUN®) while samples from 200 subjects were tested using an ELISA based test (URINELISA®). Prevalence of H. pylori infection was tested by 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and a monoclonal antibody-based stool antigen test (Testmate® Rapid Pylori Antigen: Rapid TPAg) using immunochromatography. Subjects were considered to be infected if at least one of UBT and rapid TPAg was tested positive. Results: The positivity of RAPIRUN and URINELISA was 41.8% (150 out of 359 subjects) and 37.0% (74 out of 200 subjects). Sensitivity and specificity of RAPIRUN were 83.3% and 67.0% while those of URINELISA were 87.8% and 85.7%, respectively. ELISA value of URINELISA was less than cut-off (1.0) in 117 subjects. There were 19 subjects whose ELISA value was between 0.4 to 0.99 and 4 of them (21.1%) were H. pylori infected. In 98 subjects ELISA value was less than 0.4, only 5 subjects were H. pylori infected (5.1%). Conclusion: The urine-based ELISA is accurate comparing with rapid stick-type kit and would be useful for the screening of H. pylori infection. If ELISA value was close to the cut-off, subjects should receive another test to detect H. pylori infection.

Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus in a single nephrology unit.

Clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are widely variable, and its course is unpredictable. SLE that begins in childhood has been considered more severe than SLE with onset during adulthood. Our aim was to determine the presentation and the outcome of SLE of 26 children (20 females and 6 males, with a female to male ratio of 3.8:1) with SLE in our center, their ages ranging from 5 - 18 years and followed from 2005 till October 2011. They were diagnosed according to the American Rheumatism Association's revised criteria. Complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C3, urine analysis, 24-h urinary protein, antinuclear antibodies, anti-ds DNA and renal biopsy were obtained for the patients. We found that the most extra-renal manifestation of SLE was fever (57.7%), while lupus nephritis (LN) was the most commonly affected organ (50%). Hemolytic anemia was the most common hematological abnormality (80.8%), while immunological characteristics were positive in all the patients. Remission in patients without LN was more than 5.3-times the remission in LN patients. The outcome of the patients without LN was better than the patients with LN.

Extremely low Helicobacter pylori prevalence in North Sulawesi, Indonesia and identification of a Maori-tribe type strain: a cross sectional study.

BackgroundSulawesi in Indonesia has a unique geographical profile with assumed separation from Sundaland. Studies of Helicobacter pylori in this region are rare due to the region’s rural location and lack of endoscopy equipment. Indirect methods are, therefore, the most appropriate for measuring H. pylori infection in these areas; with the disposable gastric brush test, we can obtain gastric juice as well as small gastric tissue samples for H. pylori culture. We investigated the prevalence of H. pylori infection and evaluated human migration patterns in the remote areas of North Sulawesi.MethodsWe recruited a total of 251 consecutive adult volunteers and 131 elementary school children. H. pylori infection was determined by urine antibody test. A gastric brush test was used to culture H. pylori. We used next-generation and polymerase chain reaction based sequencing to determine virulence factors and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST).ResultsThe overall H. pylori prevalence was only 14.3% for adults and 3.8% for children, and 13.6% and 16.7% in Minahasanese and Mongondownese participants, respectively. We isolated a single H. pylori strain, termed -Manado-1. Manado-1 was East Asian type cagA (ABD type), vacA s1c-m1b, iceA1 positive/iceA2 negative, jhp0562-positive/β-(1,3) galT-negative, oipA “on”, and dupA-negative. Phylogenetic analyses showed the strain to be hspMaori type, a major type observed in native Taiwanese and Maori tribes.ConclusionsOur data support that very low H. pylori infection prevalence in Indonesia. Identification of hspMaori type H. pylori in North Sulawesi may support the hypothesis that North Sulawesi people migrated from north.

Cor triatriatum dexter, a very rare congenital anomaly presented in a complex pathological context – case presentation

Abstract Background Cor triatriatum dexter is an extremely rare congenital anomaly, and in most cases, without hemodynamic significance. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the most common viral infection, the majority of infected infants being asymptomatic and only 5-15% being symptomatic in the neonatal period. Case report We present the case of a female infant, aged 3 months. Clinical examination reveals cranial and facial anomalies. The karyotype was normal. Laboratory tests revealed the presence of anti-CMV antibodies in urine. Imaging studies showed cerebral and renal anomalies. Echocardiographic exam revealed a congenital anatomical feature without hemodynamic significance - cor triatriatum dexter. Conclusions although cytomegalovirus infection is mostly asymptomatic, it can present as a complex pathological association, in which a congenital cardiac anatomical feature without hemodynamic significance, considered by some authors as an anatomical variant, can appear

Identification of Helicobacter pylori infection in symptomatic patients in Surabaya, Indonesia, using five diagnostic tests.

SUMMARY The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Indonesia is controversial. We examined the H. pylori infection rate in 78 patients in a hospital in Surabaya using five different tests, including culture, histology, immunohistochemistry, rapid urease test, and urine antibody test. Furthermore, we analysed virulence factors in H. pylori strains from Indonesia. The H. pylori infection rate was only 11.5% in all patients studied, and 2.3% of Javanese patients and 18.0% of Chinese patients were infected (P = 0.01). Although severe gastritis was not observed, activity and inflammation were significantly higher in patients positive for H. pylori than in patients negative for H. pylori. Among genotypes identified from five isolated strains, cagA was found in four; two were vacA s1m1. All cagA-positive strains were oipA 'on' and iceA1 positive. We confirmed both a low H. pylori infection rate and a low prevalence of precancerous lesions in dyspeptic patients in a Surabaya hospital, which may contribute to the low incidence of gastric cancer in Indonesia.

Mo1120 Relatively High Prevalence of Endoscopic Reflux Esophagitis in Young Healthy Japanese Volunteers

Background/Aims Prevalence of reflux esophagitis have increased in Western and Eastern countries. The prevalence and disease-characteristics of endoscopic esophagitis in young Japanese individuals are not fully demonstrated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of reflux esophagitis and Helicobacter pylori infection and their relationship in young healthy Japanese volunteers. Methods Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in 550 young healthy Japanese medical school students,age 21 to 36 years, mean 23.4 years,between 2008 and 2013. Helicobacter pylori infectionwas determined by detecting urinary IgG antibodies. Upper gastric clinical symptoms were monitored with questionnaires of FSSG scales. Results Helicobacter pylori antibodies were detected in 50 of the 550 subjects (9.09%) with endoscopic chronic gastritis without peptic ulcers. Endoscopic reflux esophagitis was detected in 55 out of the 550 subjects (10%), including grade A in 48 subjects (8.7%), grade B in 6 (1.09%) and grade C in 1 (0.18%). Only 5 subject with reflux esophagitis was Helicobacter pylori-positive, and the other 50 subjects with esophagitis were Helicobacter pylori-negative. Infection rate of Helicobacter pylori decreased around 40% during the last 6 years in a time dependent manner, although relatively high prevalence of reflux esophagitis of 10% was not changed during the last 6 year. Several factors were related to the prevalence of reflux esophagitis and most critical risk factors were lifestyles including alcohol consumption and increase in body weight. Clinical symptoms of heartburn were more common and FSSG scales were high in subjects with reflux esophagitis. FSSG scales were not different in subjects with or without Helicobacter pylori infection. Conclusion This study indicated relatively high prevalence (10%) of endoscopic reflux esophagitis in young Japanese adults around 23 years old, and risk factors for esophagitis were alcohol drinking and obesity.

Detection of hydatid-specific antibodies in the serum and urine for the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in patients from the Kashmir Valley, India

Serological diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) is usually made by detecting specific antibodies in serum samples. However, collection of blood samples is difficult and may be hazardous and unsafe. Thus, it is important to assess alternative simple methods of sampling body fluids that give similar results. Saliva and urine have been suggested as possible alternatives to detect specific antibodies for the diagnosis of various diseases. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previously published study regarding the detection of CE-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G subclass antibodies (IgG1-4) in urine. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the value of hydatid-specific antibodies of IgG, IgM, IgE and IgG subclass in urine and serum samples for the diagnosis of CE. Serum and urine samples of 41 surgically confirmed patients of CE, 40 patients with other diseases and 16 healthy subjects were included in the study. CE-specific total IgG, IgE and IgG4 in sera and total IgG, IgG4 and IgG1 in the urine of CE patients were the most important specific antibodies for the diagnosis of CE. However, total IgG usually persists for an extended period and has a very high cross-reactivity. The diagnostic sensitivity of hydatid-specific IgM in serum and urine samples was very low and therefore cannot be used as a diagnostic marker. There was no significant difference between IgG1 and IgG4 in serum and urine and both showed the best correlation for the diagnosis of CE. These considerations suggest that detection of antibodies in urine could provide a new approach in the diagnosis of CE.

Local immune response in bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis ESSIC type 3C

Introduction and hypothesisBladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is identified based on subjective symptoms which lead to heterogeneous patient populations. Previous studies using gene expression arrays for BPS/IC with Hunner’s lesions [European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis (ESSIC) type 3C], a subtype of the condition discernible by cystoscopy, have revealed characteristic immune responses and urothelial abnormalities. This current study aimed to further characterize this subtype using a gene expression panel. We hypothesized that B-cell activation with high levels of urinary antibody concentration would be found.MethodsCold-cup bladder biopsies, catheterized urine and blood were collected from 15 BPS/IC ESSIC type 3C patients, 11 non-inflammatory overactive bladder (OAB) patients and eight healthy controls. Gene expression in biopsies was quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry was performed on bladder tissue and urinary immunoglobulins G and A were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses included the Kruskal-Wallis test for non-parametric data and post hoc tests identified differences between groups.ResultsHigh expression of T- and B-cell markers (CTLA4, CD20, CD79A, IGH@), low expression of urothelial markers (KRT20, UPK1B, UPK3A), focal lymphoid aggregates in the submucosa and high immunoglobulin concentration in urine were found exclusively in BPS/IC ESSIC type 3C patients. Results for OAB were in intermediate ranges between the other two groups and UPK1B even reached significantly lower expression when compared to healthy controls.ConclusionsBPS/IC ESSIC type 3C is characterized by a local adaptive immune response with elevated urinary antibody concentrations. Quantification of urinary immunoglobulin levels could be used for a non-invasive diagnosis of BPS/IC ESSIC type 3C.

Evaluation of multiple sclerosis (MS) based on Antibody to Aquaporine-4(AQP-4) in urine and serum compared to total IgG antibody

Event Abstract Back to Event Evaluation of multiple sclerosis (MS) based on Antibody to Aquaporine-4(AQP-4) in urine and serum compared to total IgG antibody Afra Khosravi1* and Mozhgan Mohamadrashidi1 1 Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran Introduction- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the myelin, which provides a covering for nerves, improves the conduction of impulses along the nerves and also is important for maintaining the health of the nerves is disappeared due to the inflammation. Consequently, the electrical impulses that travel along the nerves decelerate, that is, become slower. In addition, the nerves themselves are damaged. The prevalence of the disease in Ilam is about 13.54 in 100,000 population which is 3 times more than the mean prevalence of whole country. As AQP-4 is important water chanel protein expressing in MS the current study aimed to measure the antibody titer against AQP-4 either in urine and the sera of MS patients compared to the total IgG to evaluate the diagnosis of the disease this way. Materials and Methods- Totally 21MS patients together with 21 healthy people were included in this study. After an informed consent form was completed by each individual a questionnaire including age, sex, health history, the starting symptoms and the diagnosis tests of MS, the category for the onset of symptoms (sensory, skeletal or visional symptoms), the severity or grade of the MS disease, any background disease was completed for each participant. A urine and blood sample was taken and after RBC and WBC count, Hb mesurment, MCV, MCHC and RDW, the total antibody titer (IgG class, IgA and IgM) was measured using Nephlometry. Anti-AQP-4 antibody was measured using ELISA. Data were extracted and analyzed using ANOVA and Peasrson correlation test. Results- The total IgM was similar in both case and control group but there was a higher titer of IgG and IgA in case compared to the control group. The mean anti-AQP-4 IgG antibody was 17.4 and 17.8 in urine and serum respectively. The mean anti-AQP-4 antibody in urine of patients with mild MS was 16.1 while it was 19.3 amongst the patients with moderate and severe MS. The mean anti-AQP-4 antibody was similar in serum of patients with mild and severe MS ( 17.7 and 17.8 respectively). Conclusion- As the antibody titer to AQP-4 in either serum and urine is similar and even it is higher in urine of severe MS patients so the measurements of this antibody in urine could be a noninvasive method of diagnosis of the MS with a high reliability.Anti-AQP-4 can be used a mean for the analysis of the severity of MS. Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Aquqporine-4, antibody, severity, Urine, Serum. Conference: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Milan, Italy, 22 Aug - 27 Aug, 2013. Presentation Type: Abstract Topic: Adaptive Immunity Citation: Khosravi A and Mohamadrashidi M (2013). Evaluation of multiple sclerosis (MS) based on Antibody to Aquaporine-4(AQP-4) in urine and serum compared to total IgG antibody. Front. Immunol. Conference Abstract: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.00053 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 08 Mar 2013; Published Online: 22 Aug 2013. * Correspondence: Dr. Afra Khosravi, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, afrakhosravi@yahoo.co.uk Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Afra Khosravi Mozhgan Mohamadrashidi Google Afra Khosravi Mozhgan Mohamadrashidi Google Scholar Afra Khosravi Mozhgan Mohamadrashidi PubMed Afra Khosravi Mozhgan Mohamadrashidi Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

The diagnostic accuracy of urine IgG antibody tests for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in Turkish dyspeptic patients

There is increasing interest in noninvasive tests for the assessment of Helicobacter pylori infection, and urine-based tests have been widely used as noninvasive tests to detect Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptation and usefulness of urine antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and urine card tests in the clinical setting to detect anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody excreted into urine in Turkish adult patients with dyspepsia. One-hundred twenty-four patients who were admitted and referred for upper endoscopy to Dokuz Eylül University Hospital, Gastroenterology Clinic were studied. Antrum and corpus biopsies were taken, and Helicobacter pylori status was defined in the presence of at least two positive results of rapid urease test, histopathology and culture. Urine and serum specimens of 124 patients were collected and examined for anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody by URINELISA, RAPIRUN (Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan) and anti-Helicobacter pylori enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany) tests, respectively. Helicobacter pylori infection was positive in 82 (66.1%) patients according to the gold standard methods. Among 82 Helicobacter pylori infection-positive patients, 69 patients were positive by both URINELISA and RAPIRUN; 109 of 124 patients were positive by anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The sensitivity and specificity of URINELISA, RAPIRUN and anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were 74.4%, 73.2%, 100% and 81.0%, 78.6%, 35.7%, respectively. However, the urine antibody test cut-off values were searched for the best concordance with the results of gold standard methods. This yielded that the sensitivity and specificity of URINELISA with our new cut-off value (0.530) were 90.2% and 71.4%, respectively. As a first study among Turkish adult patients with dyspepsia, the efficacy of URINELISA was related with the determination of a new cut-off value for pretreatment as a screening test value. We suggest that the cut-off value of the URINELISA test should be evaluated and considered for each patient group and each country. The URINELISA (OD 0.530) and RAPIRUN tests were found useful for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in our patients with dyspepsia.

Early EEG Correlates of Neuronal Injury After Brain Anoxia

Editors' Note: In reference to “Anti-JC virus antibodies in a large German natalizumab-treated MS cohort” by Trampe et al., Mr. Zahednasab discusses why testing for anti-JC virus antibodies in urine may be more effective than serum sampling. He also comments that patients taking IFN-β should have been excluded as it can falsely decrease those patients' JCV titers. The authors uphold …

Clinical Practice: Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood

Helicobacter pylori infection is recognised as a cause of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and usually acquired during the first years of life. While there is a decline in the prevalence of H. pylori infection in northern and western European countries, the infection is still common in southern and eastern parts of Europe and Asia. Symptoms of H. pylori-related PUD are nonspecific in children and may include epigastric pain, nausea and/or vomiting, anorexia, iron deficiency anaemia and hematemesis. Besides, only a small proportion of children develop symptoms and clinically relevant gastrointestinal disease. H. pylori infection can be diagnosed either by invasive tests requiring endoscopy and biopsy or non-invasive tests including the (13)C-urea breath test, detection of H. pylori antigen in stool and detection of antibodies in serum, urine and saliva. The aim of treatment is at least 90 % eradication rate of the bacteria, and a combination of two antibiotics plus a proton pump inhibitor has been recommended as first-line treatment. However, frequent use of antibiotics during childhood is associated with a decline in eradication rates and the search for new treatment strategies as well. This is an overview of the latest knowledge and evidence-based guidelines regarding clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection in childhood.

Abstract 3638: Detecting prostate cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: A role for EN2

Abstract EN2 is part of the HOX gene family and plays a role in foetal development. More recently a potential oncogenic role for the protein has been postulated and its utility as a cancer biomarker has been explored in prostate cancer (PrCa) and breast cancer. Carriers of mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have an increased risk of PrCa (1.8-fold and 5-fold respectively) and their tumours tend to be more aggressive and advanced than sporadic cases. Currently there is no national screening program for BRCA mutation carriers in the UK, and the IMPACT study was set up to evaluate PSA screening in this particular group. Here we analyse the efficacy of the urinary EN2 protein and auto-antibody against EN2 in serum and urine as markers of early cancer detection within this higher risk group. Urine and serum were taken from the IMPACT screening study which enrolled individuals aged between 40 and 69 who were unaffected by PrCa at time of enrolment into the study (n= 418). All participants were from families harbouring a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation and were either BRCA mutation carriers themselves or controls with a negative predictive BRCA genetic test. They underwent annual PSA test with a PSA of &amp;gt; 3.0 ng/ml triggering a diagnostic biopsy. Annual urine and serum samples were collected from this cohort. EN2 protein was measured in the urine using an ELISA; (positive = &amp;gt; 42.5ng/ml). The autoantibody was measured in serum and urine; (positive = measurement of 2 standard deviations above the mean value when measured in a cohort of healthy volunteers). Using detection of EN2 protein in urine alone our initial results demonstrated the test had a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 75.4% when discriminating between those with a positive biopsy and those with a negative biopsy; the ROC AUC was 0.767. The difference in EN2 level between those diagnosed with cancer and those who were not was significant (p = &amp;lt;0.001). EN2 antibody measured in serum was less sensitive but more specific that the urinary protein (33.3% and 83.6% respectively), when combined with urinary protein the sensitivity is 85.7% with a specificity of 63.3% and ROC AUC 0.745. Further samples are in the process of being analysed and data and results of these will be presented. In addition a new assay to measure urinary antibody is currently under development and results from this test will be also shown. EN2 protein and auto-antibody measurement warrants further investigation as a PrCa biomarker in this higher risk group with genetic predisposition to PrCa. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3638. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3638

1130 The neurological sequelae of the measles outbreak in South Africa

IntroductionSouth Africa experienced a measles outbreak in early 2010. Measles may affect the central nervous system early as meningo-encephalitis; months later as subacute measles encephalitis (SME); or years later as...

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection measured with urinary antibody in an urban area of Japan, 2008-2010.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has expanded to infect about half the world's population. Although there were many studies on the prevalence of H. pylori infection for defined areas in the 1990s throughout the world, there were only limited sources tracking its latest prevalence among large populations. In the present study, we estimated the prevalence of H. pylori among the inhabitants of Nagoya, an urban area of Japan. Study subjects were 5167 participants (1467 males and 3700 females) aged 35 to 69 years from the Daiko Study, a part of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study (J-MICC Study). A urinary anti-H. pylori antibody was used to detect H. pylori infection. The history of eradication treatments for H. pylori infection was obtained using self-administered questionnaires. The prevalence detected by the urinary test included 19.6% (95% confidence interval; 16.8-22.6%) for those aged 35-39 years, 25.8% (23.5-28.2%) for 40-49 years, 39.4% (36.8-42.1%) for 50-59 years, 50.3% (47.8-52.7%) for 60-69 years, and 36.4% (35.1-37.7%). Among 5167 participants, 266 (5.1%) stated that they had received an eradication treatment. Since 167 subjects with negative urinary tests replied that they had been seropositive for H. pylori in the past, they were included among the ever-infected inhabitant group. Consequently, the overall rate of those with a history of persistent infection was 39.6% (38.3-40.9%). The prevalence of H. pylori infection observed in Nagoya seemed to be lower than the corresponding prevalence reported in other studies of Japan. That lower rate might be due to the reduced exposure from improved urban sanitary conditions.