Antibody In Nasal Secretions Research Articles

Immunoglobulins in Serum and Nasal Secretions Following Infection with Type 1 Parainfluenza Virus and Injection of Inactivated Vaccines

Summary The antibody response in serum and nasal secretions was studied in volunteers following infection with type 1 parainfluenza virus and injection with type 1 virus inactivated vaccines. Although both methods of immunization stimulated a serum antibody response, virus infection was more effective in stimulating a local antibody response than was vaccination. Antibody in nasal secretions was found to be associated with γA-immunoglobulins. No significant differences were observed in the immunoglobulin distribution of serum antibody following infection and vaccination.

Characterization of Human Serum and Nasal Hemagglutinating Antibody to Francisella Tularensis

Summary The presence of specific antibody associated with the γA-immunoglobulins in nasal secretions was studied during the course of human respiratory tularemia in volunteers. Subjects immunized percutaneously with an attenuated tularemia vaccine 3 months previously, possessed detectable hemagglutinating antibody in both secretions and serum at the time of aerosol challenge with virulent organisms; nonimmunized subjects had none. Following aerosol challenge with 2500 virulent organisms, three of four previously immunized men withstood the challenge; all of the nonimmunized subjects and immunized individuals challenged with 25,000 organisms developed overt illness. Serum and nasal antibody persisted without significant change in titer in the immunized and became detectable in serum and nasal secretions of the nonimmunized subjects within 14 days after challenge. In both groups, serum antibody was associated primarily with the γM-immunoglobulins. Antibody in nasal secretions was found exclusively with the γA-immunoglobulins even though γG-immunoglobulins were detected in some secretions in both groups. Respiratory antibody activity to F. tularensis thus is found in the same immunoglobulin fraction which has been shown previously to possess antiviral activity.

ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA: IMMUNOLOGIC AND VIROLOGIC STUDIES OF SERUM AND RESPIRATORY SECRETIONS

Studies of antibody function in three patients with ataxia-telangiectasia are presented. Absence of serum γA-immunoglobulins was found in two of the patients; the third had normal amounts of this immunoglobulin. Nasal secretions of all three possessed γG- and γM-immunoglobulins; in 2 of 3 patients a variant immunoglobulin, not clearly γA, was detected in nasal secretions. Following fractionation of their sera by gel filtration with Sephadex G-200, neutralizing antibody to poliovirus 1, influenza A2/63, parainfluenza 3, and echovirus 28 were found in association with the γM- and γG-immunoglobulins in two patients and with all three immunoglobulins in the third. The pattern of neutralizing antibody in nasal secretions paralleled that of serum. Since the nasal secretions lacked or were markedly deficient in γA-immunoglobulins, the specific viral antibody detected therein was attributed to the increased concentrations of γM- and γG-immunoglobulins found. The data suggest that although patients with ataxiatelangiectasia lack the normal complement of γA-immunoglobulins in nasal secretions, they do contain antiviral antibody, but in association with other immunoglobulins.

Studies on the increase of antibodies in nasal secretions of human beings after intracutaneous vaccination with influenza virus, with the aid of the haemagglutination inhibition technique

With the aid of the haemagglutination inhibition test in nasal secretions of human beings it is possible to demonstrate an increase of antibodies against influenza virus after pararespiratory vaccination, provided the non-specific inhibition of the secretions is climinated by means of enzymes ofVibrio cholerae. The antititre of the nasal secretions fluctuated greatly. After intracutancous vaccination of 0.3 ml in the skin of the back with concentrated vaccine it amounted on an average to 3% of that of the blood titre. The possible importance of this simplified technique for further investigations is pointed out.