Isolation Of Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria Research Articles

Prevalence of Integrons in Malaysian Isolates of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

Prevalence of Integrons in Malaysian Isolates of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

Isolation of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria from the Air Plume Downwindof a Swine Confined or Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation

ObjectiveIn this study we evaluated the levels of antibiotic- and multidrug-resistant bacteria in bioaerosols upwind, within, and downwind at locations 25 m, 50 m, 100 m, and 150 m from a swine confined animal feeding operation.DesignWe used Andersen two-stage samplers to collect bacterial samples, the replicate plate method to isolate organisms, and the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method to determine antibiotic resistance.ResultsThe percentage of organisms resistant to at least two antibiotic classes and all four classes evaluated were, respectively, 2.1 and 3.0 times higher inside (n = 69) than upwind (n = 59) of the facility. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent organism recovered. Concentrations of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus decreased with increasing distance from the facility. Using Fisher’s exact methods, the change in distribution of antibiotic resistance profiles for each antibiotic was statistically significant (oxytetracycline, p = 0.010; tetracycline, p = 0.014; ampicillin, p = 0.007; erythromycin, p = 0.035); however, this relationship was not seen with lincomycin and penicillin (p > 0.05). In addition, the levels of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus 25 m downwind were significantly greater than the levels from samples taken upwind from the facility for the same four antibiotics (p < 0.05). The percentage of resistant group A streptococci and fecal coliform increased within the facility compared with upwind values for all antibiotics evaluated, except for lincomycin. The percentage of resistant total coliform organisms increased within the facility compared with upwind values for oxytetracycline and tetracycline.ConclusionsBacterial concentrations with multiple antibiotic resistances or multidrug resistance were recovered inside and outside to (at least) 150 m downwind of this facility at higher percentages than upwind. Bacterial concentrations with multiple antibiotic resistances were found within and downwind of the facility even after subtherapeutic antibiotics were discontinued. This could pose a potential human health effect for those who work within or live in close proximity to these facilities.

Risk Factors for Antibiotic‐Resistant Infection and Treatment Outcomes among Hospitalized Patients Transferred from Long‐Term Care Facilities: Does Antimicrobial Choice Make a Difference?

A prospective observational study of 153 patients transferred from long-term care facilities and admitted to acute-care hospitals who had microbiologically confirmed infections was undertaken to determine the risk factors, outcomes, and resource use associated with isolation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Eighty patients (52%) were infected with ARB. In multivariable logistic analysis, the presence of a feeding tube (odds ratio, 3.0) or polymicrobial infection (odds ratio, 4.6) was associated with isolation of ARB. Forty-nine percent of patients infected with ARB received an initial antibiotic regimen to which their isolate was not susceptible. Fifty-one percent of all patients had a change in their antibiotic regimen during their hospital course. For these patients, length of stay, number of days of antibiotic therapy, and cost of hospitalization were significantly higher. However, neither infection with ARB nor appropriateness of initial treatment regimen was significantly related to outcome or resource use.