Antibiotic Growth Promoter Substitution Research Articles

Using cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L) powders as an antibiotic growth promoter substitutions in broiler chicken’s diets

In the current study supplementations of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) powder (CNP) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L) powder (TP) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on growth performance, intestinal microbiota and hematological profile of broiler chickens have been investigated. A total of 240, one day old as-hatched broiler chickens (ROSS 308) were randomly assigned into five treatments with four replicates per treatment and 10 chickens per replicate. Treatment groups were C: control (fed basal diet); CNP1: 0.5% CNP; CNP2: 1.0% CNP; TP1: 0.5% TP; TP2: 1.0% TP and 500 mg oxytetracycline (OTC)/kg of diet. Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved (p < 0.05) by CNP and TP while OTC improved BWG and FCR. Ileal and cecal Lactobacillus and total aerobes were significantly improved while coliforms and Escherichia coli were decreased by CNP, TP, and OTC. The percentage of packed cell volume (%PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) count, and white blood cell (WBC) count was increased by CNP and TP while OTC decreased %PCV, Hb, RBC, and increased WBC count. In conclusion, the results showed that OTC can be safely replaced by CNP and TP at 1.0% dose rate in broiler chicken’s diets.

Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on broilers' performance and health status.

The current study investigated the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs) and oxytetracycline (OTC) supplementation on broilers' behavior, performance, carcass quality, biochemical parameters, and intestinal microbial populations and birds' response to Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. A total of 336 seven-day-old IR broiler chicks were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40ppm ZONPs or 50ppm OTC. Each diet was fed to 7 replicates (8 birds/pen). The results clarified that 10ppm ZONPs significantly improved the body weight gain and feed conversion in comparison to the control. No changes in behavior were recorded. The 10ppm and 30ppm ZONPs and OTC significantly reduced the gizzard weight in comparison to the control. While, 10ppm ZONPs significantly increased the spleen weight, and all ZONPs doses increased bursa weight in comparison to the control and OTC groups. 20ppm ZONPs increased the eviscerated yield and edible yield in comparison to the control and OTC groups. 40ppm ZONPs increased pH, reduced meat color and overall acceptability in comparison to the control. In addition, results revealed that the 20ppm ZONPs increased Calcium (Ca), High density low cholesterol (HDL-C), reduced urea (UA) and triglyceride (TG). Also, 40ppm ZONPs and OTC increased creatinine (Cr) and reduced ND-HI titer in comparison to the control. For microbial population, OTC group was significantly lower than ZONPs groups in the total anaerobic, aerobic and lactobacilli count. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of ZONPs can be applied as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions in broilers' diet. However, further investigations are still needed.

Evaluation of thyme and ajwain as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on growth performance, carcass characteristics and serum biochemistry in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica).

The present study was to evaluate thyme and ajwain as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on growth performance, carcass characteristics and serum biochemistry in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica). A feeding trial was conducted over 28 d with 4 groups of Japanese quails fed experimental diets formulated to provide no supplementation (control), or control + 55 mg zinc bacitracin/kg, 2 g thyme/kg, and 2 g ajwain/kg. At 35 d of age, 2 quails from each replicate were sacrificed and eviscerated. Liver, empty small intestine and heart were weighed and calculated as a percentage of live body weight. The carcasses were weighed and the cuts were performed to evaluate the yield of legs and breast. At 35 d of age, 2 quails per replicate were chosen and approximately 1-mL blood samples were collected through brachial vein, and concentrations of albumin, total protein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) -cholesterol were determined. Final body weight were not affected by the dietary treatment whereas, it tended to increase in quails supplemented with antibiotic. Overall feed conversation ratio values were similar though it tended to improve in quails supplemented with thyme compared with other groups. Daily feed intake, internal organ weights and carcass traits were not influenced by the dietary treatments. Serum total cholesterol contents were lower (P < 0.05) in quails supplemented with ajwain compared with control and quails supplemented with antibiotic and thyme. The highest serum HDL-cholesterol was seen in the group supplemented with thyme compared with other groups. It was concluded that the addition of 2 g/kg thyme can improve serum biochemistry in quails, although its effects on performance criteria was negligible.

Effect of Sumac (Rhus Coriaria L.) Fruit Powder as an Antibiotic Growth Promoter Substitution on Growth Performance, Immune Responses and Serum Lipid Profile of Broiler Chicks

Abstract: Objective: The experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of different levels of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) fruit powder as an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) substitution on performance, immune responses and serum lipid profile of broiler chicks. Materials and Methods: A totally of 260 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments. The treatments consisted of basal diet (control) and basal diet with AGP (flavophospholipol), 3 or 7 g/kg sumac powder. Results: Feed consumption in broilers fed 3 and 7 g/kg sumac powder significantly decreased (P< 0.05) but weight gain were not affected by dietary treatments (P> 0.05). Feed conversion ratio was significantly improved in broilers fed 7 g/kg sumac powder compared to AGP and control (P< 0.05). Antibody titres against sheep red blood cell (SRBC), New castle diseases virus (NDV) and Avian Influenza virus (AIV) were not affected by dietary treatments (P> 0.05). Improvement in heterophile to lymphocyte ratio were observed in broilers fed 7 g/kg sumac powder and AGP (P< 0.05). Serum triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol were not affected by treatments (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggested that dietary inclusion of 7 g/kg sumac powder can be applied as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics for broiler chick diets. Key words: Broiler chick, Sumac, Performance, Immunity, Serum lipid.

Evaluation of Aloe vera and synbiotic as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on performance, gut morphology, immune responses and blood constitutes of broiler chickens.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with Aloe vera (AV) powder and synbiotic as growth promoter agents on performance, gut morphology, immune responses, hematology and serum biochemistry in broilers. A total of 240-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to six treatments with four replicates. Birds were offered either a corn-soybean meal basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg virginiamycin (VM), 1 g/kg synbiotic (Syn), 2.5 g/kg AV (AV1), 5.0 g/kg AV (AV2) or 7.5 g/kg AV (AV3). Chickens fed any of the diets, except diet AV1, exhibited better feed conversion ratios at the 14-28 day period and higher average daily gain and duodenal villus height/crypt depth ratio at 42 days than those fed the control diet. Synbiotic supplementation caused a marked increase in the serum antibody titer against infectious bursal disease and infectious bronchitis vaccines. Feeding diet AV3 significantly increased red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration, and decreased serum triglyceride level compared to the control group. The results suggested that dietary inclusion of 5 and 7.5 g/kg AV, similar with synbiotic supplementation, can be applied as effective alternatives to in-feed antibiotics for broiler diets.

EFFECT OF MARJORAM POWDER (ORIGANUMMAJORANA L.) AS ANTIBIOTIC GROWTH PROMOTER SUBSTITUTIONS ON PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNITY OF BROILER CHICKS

s. PHYTOPHARM 2012 M 32 Obzory po kliniceskoj farmacologii i lekarstvennoj terapii [Reviews of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy] ТОМ 10/2012/2 als on 392 patients with verified diagnoses of lambliasis and opisthorchiasis. Thus, it testifies about its antiparasitic activity. The karaganda pharmaceutical complex was constructed and put into operation on the basis of holding «Phytochemistry». The complex has capacity of 2 millions ampoules, 150 millions tablets, capsules and 2 millions soft dosage forms of original competitive phytopreparations. Attempts to restore cholinergic function have been considered as a rational target to improve the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. One therapeutic option is the use of AChE inhibitors which block this key enzyme in the breakdown of acetylcholine (1). during the last decade the use of herbal medicinal preprations in dementia therapy has been studied based on traditional medicine (2). Gum ammoniacum is a gum-resin from Dorema ammoniacum d. don which has been used in Unani and iranian traditional medicine for several indications. A previous study showed AChE inhibitory activity for a dichloromethane extract of this resin (3). The aim of this study was the isolation and characterization of active compounds from gum ammoniacum. Extraction of the resin was performed by sonification with dichloromethane. The extract was investigated by a respective colorimetric microplate assay and the active zones were identified via TlC bioautography. Then the active compounds were isolated using several chromatographic techniques such as vacuum liquid chromatography, column chromatography and counter current chromatography. The structures of the active components were characterized by different methods such as one and two-dimensional h and C NMR spectroscopy (COSy, TOCSy, hSqC, hMbC, NOESy) and mass spectrometry. Two spirosesquiterpenoidic chromadiones were characterized as active components and one of them is a new compound. Their iC 50 values for AChE inhibitory activity were determined by microplate assay as 77 and 100 μg/ml. The extract was analyzed by hPlC to determine the concentration of active compounds in the extract.

Evaluation of St John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitution on performance, carcass characteristics, some of the immune responses, and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chicks

This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of dried aerial parts of the herbHypericum perforatum L. (HP) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitution on performance, carcass traits, immune responses, and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chicks. In this study, 192 one-day old chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to four treatments with four replicates based on a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments included control, antibiotic (flavophospholipol), and 5 and 10 g HP/kg diet. Dietary supplementation of flavophospholipol increased final body weight of broilers at day 42 compared with those fed diets supplemented with 5 and 10 g HP/kg (P<0.05). Birds fed 5 and 10 g HP/kg in the diet had the highest feed conversion ratio at day 42, compared with other treatments (P<0.05). Antibody titer against avian influenza virus (AIV) increased in the group treated with 10 g HP/kg diet compared with those fed basal diet and basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (P<0.05). Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in antibiotic group were significantly higher than those fed basal diet or basal diet supplemented with 5 g HP/kg (P<0.05). In conclusion, the result of this study showed that addition of St. John’s Wort powder seem not to have a positive influence on growth performance and it could not be considered as a antibiotic growth promoter substitution for broiler chicks. Key words: Broilers, Hypericum perforatum L., performance, immune responses, biochemical parameters, carcass characteristics.

Evaluation of dried powder of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitution on performance, carcass traits and humoral immune responses in broiler chickens

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) in comparison with an antibiotic growth promoter (flavophospholipol) on performance, carcass characteristics and immune responses of broiler chicks. In these trial 180 nine day old mix sexes broiler chicks (Ross 308) were weighed and randomly allocated to 1 of 6 experimental treatments. Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates of 10 birds. The 6 treatments were as follow: Basal diet (control); Basal diet + antibiotic (4.5 mg flavophospholipol/kg diet); and basal diet supplemented with either levels of 5, 10, 20 or 30 g of dried mushroom/kg of feed. Body weights (BW) of broilers were determined at day 9, 21, and 45, feed intake was determined at the same periods, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated accordingly. At day 45, two birds per replicate were slaughtered for determination of carcass and organ weights. Antibody titers against Newcastle (NDV), and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were determined. The results showed that the use of 30 g mushroom/kg diet led to the highest antibody titers against SRBC (p 0.05). Broilers receiving flavophospholipol had lower FCR compared to broilers receiving 10 or 20 g mushroom/kg during total period of trial (P < 0.05) but it was not different from broilers fed the basal diet or basal diet supplemented with 5 or 30 g mushroom/kg. FCR of broilers in other periods was not affected. Internal organ weights and carcass traits were not influenced by the dietary treatments at day 45. In conclusion, the results indicated that supplementing broiler diet with 30 g mushroom/kg could induce favorable influences on immune responses of broilers without any adverse effects on performance criteria. Key words: Agaricus bisporus, broilers, carcass characteristics, immune responses, mushroom, performance.

Efficiency of ethanolic extract of peppermint (Mentha piperita) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitution on performance, and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens

ObjectiveThis trial was conducted to examine the effect of usage different levels of ethanolic extract of peppermint (Mentha piperita) in drinking water in comparison with an antibiotic growth promoter (Virginiamycin) on the growth performance, and carcass traits of broiler chicks. MethodsBirds were assigned to 5 treatments: control feed, antibiotic group receiving 5 mg/kg virginiamycin, and 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 % ethanolic extract of peppermint supplemented to drinking water. Body weights of broilers were determined at d 1, 21 and 42, feed intake was determined at the same periods, and feed conversion ratio was calculated accordingly. At day 42, two birds per replicate were slaughtered for the determination of carcass traits. ResultsPerformance indices were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments at day 42. Carcass yield increased in broilers supplemented with 0.3 % peppermint extract in drinking water, also, abdominal fat pad decreased in broilers supplemented with 0.3 % peppermint in drinking water (P>0.05). ConclusionsIn conclusion, the results of this study showed that addition of 0.3 % ethanolic extract of peppermint to drinking water seem to have a positive influence on broiler performance productive via more carcass yield and decrease abdominal fat deposition.

The effects of Nigella sativa powder (black seed) and Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench extract on performance, some blood biochemical and hematological parameters in broiler chickens

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Nigella sativa (NS) powder and Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench extract (EP) on performance and some blood biochemical and haematological parameters in broiler chickens. A total of 144, one day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were divided into three treatment groups, with four replicates per treatment and 12 chicks per replicate. Chicks in control groups were fed basal diets and received water without any supplementation. Birds in treatment groups two were fed on feeds supplemented with 1% NS. For birds in treatment groups three, drinking water was supplemented with EP at the rate of 0.25 ml/kg body weight (BW). Body weights of broilers were measured at one, 21 and 42 days, feed intake was measured at the same periods and feed conversion was calculated, accordingly. Blood samples were taken weekly until 6 th weeks, for biochemical and hematological analysis. Result of this experiment show that, supplementing 1% NS improved body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers at starter and grower periods (P 0.05) influenced. Supplementing 1% N. sativa decreased serum triglyceride and total cholesterol of broilers in overall (P<0.05). In conclusion, results of this study show that addition of 1% NS powder seem to have a positive influence on growth performance and it could be considered as a antibiotic growth promoter substitution for broiler chicks. Key words : Nigella sativa, Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, performance, serum biochemistry, blood hematology, broiler.

The effects of Echinacea purpurea L. (purple coneflower) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitution on performance, carcass characteristics and humoral immune response in broiler chickens

This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of using different forms and levels ofEchinacea purpurea L. (EP) in comparison with an antibiotic growth promoter (flavophospholipol) on performance, carcass characteristics and immune responses of broiler chicks. In this trial, 336 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were weighted and randomly assigned to the 7 treatment groups, each with 4 replicates and with 12 broilers in each replicate. The 7 treatments were as follows: Basal diet (control), Basal diet + antibiotic (4.5 mg flavophospholipol/kg diet), Basal diet + dried aerial part powder of EP continuously (5 g/kg diet), Basal diet + the dried aerial part powder of EP continuously (10 g/kg diet), Basal diet + the ethanolic extract continuously (0.25 gr/kg diet), Basal diet + the dried aerial part powder of EP with 3-days application followed by 11 application free days intermittently (5 g/kg diet), and Basal diet + the dried aerial part powder of EP with 3-days application followed by 11 application free days intermittently (10 g/kg diet). The contents of flavonol-o-glycosides as quescetin in the Echinacea dried aerial part and the ethanolic extract were determined, and the amount of flavonol-o- glycosides as quescetin in the 5 g/kg diet EP continuously to the ethanolic extract was equal. At the 28th and 31st day, blood samples were taken and analyzed for immune responses. The results showed that the use of the 5 g/kg diet EP continuously led to the highest DFI, DWG and antibody titres against sheep red blood cell (SRBC) and Newcastle virus when compared to other groups. The intermittent application of 10 g/kg diet EP had significant effect in the grower period on DWG, FCR and immune responses against SRBC (p<0.05). DFI and DWG were increased by 5 g/kg diet EP continuously than the ethanolic extract significantly (p<0.05). The percentage weight of carcass traits were not affected by dietary treatments except for the percentage of the small intestine that decreased in the intermittent groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, performance and immune responses of broiler chicks were improved by continuous application of 5 g/kg diet EP. Key words: Broilers, Echinacea purpurea L., performance, immune responses, carcass characteristics.

Evaluation of cinnamon and garlic as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on performance, immune responses, serum biochemical and haematological parameters in broiler chicks

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with cinnamon and garlic powder as growth promoter agents on performance, carcase traits, immune responses, serum biochemistry, haematological parameters and thigh meat sensory evaluation in broilers. A total of 288, day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to six treatments with four replicates. The dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet as control, antibiotic group receiving 3 mg/kg flavophospholipol, 2 and 4 g/kg cinnamon or garlic powder added to the basal diet. Body weights of broilers were measured at 1, 14, 28 and 42 days, feed intake was measured at the same periods and feed conversion was calculated, accordingly. At day 42 two birds per replicate were slaughtered for determination of carcase and organ weights and also meat sensory evaluation. Supplementing 2 g/kg cinnamon increased body weight of broilers at 28 and 42 days of age ( P < 0.05). FCR was calculated to be significantly lower in all treatments compared to the control birds at 28 day period. Feed intake, feed efficiency, internal organ weights and carcase characteristics were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments at 42 day. None of the immune related parameters was statistically different among treatments. Broilers fed 4 g/kg garlic powder, had a significantly lower concentration of serum LDL cholesterol and elevated HDL cholesterol at day 42 ( P < 0.05). Serum SGPT enzyme was reduced markedly ( P < 0.05) in 4 g/kg cinnamon group but serum protein, albumin, triglyceride and SGOT were not affected by dietary treatments. Garlic powder significantly increased red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit percentage compared to the control group ( P < 0.05). Sensory evaluation of thigh meat displayed no abnormal odor or flavour in meat induced by feed additives. The results suggested that dietary inclusion of 2 g/kg cinnamon can be applied as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics for broiler diets.

Performance, immunity, serum biochemical and hematological parameters in broiler chicks fed dietary thyme as alternative for an antibiotic growth promoter

A research study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion of thyme powder as an antibiotic growth promoter substitution on performance, immune responses, hematological and biochemical parameters in broiler chicks. In this study, 192 day old chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to four treatments with four replicates based on a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments included control, antibiotic (flavophospholipol), and 5 and 10 g/kg thyme powder. Supplementing the diet with antibiotic and 5 g/kg thyme resulted in a significant increase in body weight (P 0.05). Thyme powder at 10 g/kg level significantly (P<0.05) increased HDL-cholesterol concentration but protein, albumin, triglyceride, total and LDL cholesterol concen-trations were not influenced. Treatments also failed to induce any statistical impacts on hematological parameters of broilers including red and white blood cell count, hemoglobin and hematocrit values. The obtained results suggest that supplementing broilers’ diet with 5 g/kg thyme can indicate favorable influences of antibiotic growth promoter on performance without any detrimental impacts on immune responses and blood parameters. Key words: Broiler, thyme, growth performance, immunity, serum biochemistry, hematology.