Antibiotic Fermentation Residue Research Articles

Pretreatment of antibiotic fermentation residues by combined ultrasound and alkali for enhancing biohydrogen production

Antibiotic fermentation residues has been classified as “Hazardous Waste” in China since 2008, but its effective disposal and resource recovery remains a problem. Due to its high content of bioavailable organic matters, antibiotic fermentation residues can be utilized as a potential candidate for biohydrogen production. However, the complex matrix of antibiotic fermentation residues can restrict its efficiency of biohydrogen production. In this study, the effect of ultrasonic, alkaline and their combined pretreatments on the solubility of antibiotic fermentation residues was investigated to improve biohydrogen production. The results showed that the combined ultrasonic-alkaline pretreatment effectively disrupted the complex matrix of antibiotic fermentation residues and synergistically improved the biohydrogen production. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and soluble carbohydrate content were improved by 61.6% and 105% after the combined pretreatment, respectively. Due to the solubilization effect and the enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis, the hydrogen yield reached 17.0 mL/g-volatile solids (VS) with the combined pretreatment, which was 78.9% higher compared to the control group. The combined pretreatment also improved the hydrogen production rate and substrate utilization, and decreased the lag time. Microbial community analysis showed that the hydrogen-producing bacteria (e.g. Paraclostridium, Escherichia-Shigella and Hafnia-Obesumbacterium) were more enriched with the combined pretreatment, while hydrogen-producing competitors were inhibited, which contributed to the more efficient hydrogen fermentation. This study demonstrated the technical feasibility of using ultrasonic-alkaline pretreatment to improve the biohydrogen production from antibiotic fermentation residues.

Nitrogen Migration Mechanism during Pyrolysis of Penicillin Fermentation Residue Based on Product Characteristics and Quantum Chemical Analysis

Antibiotic fermentation residues (AR) are a potential biohazard to the environment and human health. Pyrolysis is an effective method that can be utilized to decompose residual antibiotics and conv...

Nitrogen release of hydrothermal treatment of antibiotic fermentation residue and preparation of struvite from hydrolysate

Hydrothermal treatment (HT) is an appropriate treatment method for organic hazardous wastes such as antibiotic fermentation residue (AR). However, there is no effective way to recycle hydrolysate with high nitrogen content. In this study, penicillin fermentation residue (PR, a type of AR) was used as raw material to study the release and redistribution of N during hydrothermal process. And the influences of pH, ion ratio and reaction time on the preparation of struvite were analyzed. The results showed that the nitrogen in PR consists of Inorganic-N and Amino-N. Most of N (~70%) that entered hydrolysate was converted into org-N, NH4+-N and NO3–-N. At 260 °C, the NH4+-N concentration was 2842.78 mg/L, accounting for 45.2% of total nitrogen. The remaining amino-N in the hydrochar was gradually converted to pyridine-N, pyrrole-N and quaternary-N with the increasing of temperature. At pH = 9.5, Mg2+: NH4+: PO43- = 1.3: 1: 1.15, struvite was prepared by hydrolysate. And over 95% removal rate of NH4+-N could be achieved. XRD analysis showed that the main component of the product was struvite, which was further confirmed by SEM-EDX and FT-IR. It was found that there was trace amount of MgKPO4·H2O precipitation in the product. In addition, Mg3(PO4)2 precipitation might also be formed at pH = 10.

Efficient reduction of antibiotic residues and associated resistance genes in tylosin antibiotic fermentation waste using hyperthermophilic composting

Insufficient removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from waste products can increase the risk of selection for antibiotic resistance in non-clinical environments. While composting is an efficient way to reduce ARGs, most conventional methods are ineffective at processing highly contaminated antibiotic fermentation waste. Here we explored the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of hyperthermophilic composting at removing tylosin antibiotic fermentation residues (TFR) and associated ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs; plasmids, integrons and transposon). Hyperthermophilic composting removed 95.0% of TFR, 75.8% of ARGs and 98.5% of MGEs and this reduction mainly occurred after extended exposure to temperatures above 60 °C for at least 6 days. Based on sequencing and culture-dependent experiments, reduction in ARGs and MGEs was strongly associated with a decrease in the number of bacterial taxa that were initially associated with ARGs and MGEs. Moreover, we found 94.1% reduction in plasmid genes abundances (ISCR1 and IncQ-oriV) that significantly correlated with reduced ARGs during the composting, which suggests that plasmids were the main carriers for ARGs. We verified this using direct culturing to show that ARGs were more often found in plasmids during the early phase of composting. Together these results suggest that hyperthermophilic composting is efficient at removing ARGs and associated resistance genes from antibiotic fermentation waste by decreasing the abundance of antibiotic resistance plasmids and associated host bacteria.

Enhanced performance of anaerobic digestion of cephalosporin C fermentation residues by gamma irradiation-induced pretreatment

Antibiotic fermentation residues is a hazardous waste due to the existence of residual antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), probably leading to the induction and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in the environment, which could pose potential harm to the ecosystem and human health. It is urgent to develop an effective technology to remove the residual antibiotics and ARGs. In this study, the anaerobic digestion combined with gamma irradiation was applied for the disposal and utilization of cephalosporin C fermentation residues. The experimental results showed that the antibacterial activities of cephalosporin C against Staphylococcus aureus were significantly decreased after anaerobic digestion. The removal of tolC, a multidrug resistant gene, was improved up to 100% by the combination of gamma irradiation and anaerobic digestion compared to solely anaerobic digestion process, which may be due to the changes of microbial community structures induced by gamma irradiation.

Antibiotic fermentation residue for biohydrogen production using different pretreated cultures: Performance evaluation and microbial community analysis

Antibiotic fermentation residue produced from pharmaceutical plants has been listed as a “Hazardous Waste”, however it contains various substrates which can be used for biofuel production. In this study, the possibility of biohydrogen production from antibiotic fermentation residue was evaluated, the process efficiency and microbial community dynamics with five different inoculum pretreatments (alkaline, γ-radiation, heat-shock, aeration and acid) were assessed. Results showed that alkaline pretreatment was most efficient for hydrogen fermentation, and the hydrogen yield, volatile solids (VS) removal and maximal hydrogen production rate reached 17.8 mL/g-VSadded, 17.8% and 3.79 mL/h, respectively. Different inoculum pretreatments led to a obvious variation in the fermentation pathway and microbial community structure. The highest content of hydrogen-producing bacteria, especially Clostridium, essentially contributed to the highest hydrogen fermentation efficiency for the system with alkaline pretreatment. This investigation suggested that antibiotic fermentation residue is a potential feedstock for hydrogen production through dark fermentation.

Inactivation of antibiotic resistance genes in antibiotic fermentation residues by ionizing radiation: Exploring the development of recycling economy in antibiotic pharmaceutical factory

Antibiotic fermentation residues are a kind of hazardous waste due to the existence of the residual antibiotics and the potential risk to generate antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs). The appropriate treatment and disposal of antibiotic fermentation residues is imperative. In this study ionizing radiation was applied to treat the antibiotic fermentation residues and the removal efficiencies of antibiotic (erythromycin), ARGs (ermB and ermF) and antibiotic resistant bacteria were investigated. The experimental results showed that erythromycin A content in antibiotic fermentation residues decreased by 86% when the dose was 10 kGy. Moreover, the abundance of ermB and ermF reduced by 89% and 98% at 10 kGy irradiation. Over 99% of total bacteria was removed and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) were less than detection limit after 10 kGy irradiation. Ionizing radiation process is a promising technology for simultaneously removing antibiotic and inactivating ARGs and ARB in antibiotic fermentation residues. Moreover, the irradiation at 10 kGy had no significant influence on the macromolecules organic matters (protein, polysaccharides) of the antibiotic fermentation residues, suggesting that the treated fermentative residues can be used as fertilizer, which could provide the technical support for the development of recycling economy in antibiotic pharmaceutical factory.

Investigation of free radicals and carbon structures in chars generated from pyrolysis of antibiotic fermentation residue

The aromatization level of AFR was enhanced sharply with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, and the free radicals in raw AFR samples gradually transformed into carbon free radicals on the aromatic structures in chars.

Effect of a Fermentation Residue and an Antibiotic on Growth of Chickens Fed Rations Containing Corn or Wheat

Studies were conducted with Indian River “Hybro” broiler chicks to characterize the growth promoting properties of an antibiotic fermentation residue (Vigofac) which had shown a greater response with wheat- than corn-base rations. Results confirmed the growth inducing activity of Vigofac, and revealed the activity to be primarily in the extract. It appeared that Vigofac promoted growth primarily by increasing feed consumption. Gross energy analyses of droppings suggested increased utilization of energy on wheat diets but not corn. Vigofac did not influence intestinal, thyroidal or pancreatic weights. Zinc bacitracin was also shown to improve the availability of energy in wheat diets and reduced intestinal weights.

Growth stimulating effects of high levels of vegetable oils

AbstractDiets containing up to 30% of vegetable oils resulted in increased growth and feed efficiency in the chick. At 40 and 46% levels, the liquid nature of the mixture, and not a deleterious effect of the fat as such, reduced the availability of the solid constituents and resulted in high levels of mortality.No beneficial effects on growth or feed efficiency resulted after increases in the levels of vitamin and/or mineral mixtures with increase in energy. The growth response to added vegetable oils does not appear to be caused by an unidentified factor, such as may be found in distillers dried solubles, antibiotic fermentation residue, whey product, fish meal, or condensed fish solubles.

Nutritional Investigations with Turkey Hens

Abstract SINCE the isolation of vitamin B12, evidence for the need of other unidentified factors has been presented by several laboratories. Using turkey breeder hens, Whiteside et al. (1960) recently reported an improvement in egg production when an allvegetable protein diet was supplemented with dried brewer’s yeast. Hatchability of fertile eggs was improved by condensed fish solubles, dehydrated alfalfa meal, antibiotic fermentation residue, as well as dried brewer’s yeast. In our laboratory, adding a combination of dehydrated alfalfa meal, dried whey product, herring fish meal, and dried brewer’s yeast to a similar diet for turkey breeders failed to improve egg production and only slightly improved hatchability of fertile eggs (Jensen and McGinnis, 1961). One of the major differences in the basal diet used in the two laboratories was the presence of drugs (furazolidone, sulfaquinoxaline, and two antibiotics) in the diet used by Whiteside et al. (1960). Results showing that these drugs…

Molybdenum in poult nutrition.

Summary(1) Weights of turkey poults fed a purified type diet were increased significantly upon addition of distillers dried solubles, distillers dried solubles ash, molybdenum (0.0254 ppm) or a mixture of distillers dried solubles, dried whey, fish solubles, an antibiotic fermentation residue, and forage juice. Although differences of as much as 2% in bone ash were observed, statistical significance was not obtained. (2) Both liver and intestinal xanthine dehydrogenase activities were significantly higher in supplemented groups as compared to control birds. A significant (P<0.05) correlation was determined between liver molybdenum content and level of enzyme activity. (3) Under the conditions of this study a portion of growth promoting activity of distillers dried solubles ash would appear to be explained on the basis of the molybdenum content.