Antibacterial Materials Research Articles

Gold Nanorods as Photothermal Antibacterial Materials

Gold Nanorods as Photothermal Antibacterial Materials

Omnipotent antibacterial cotton fabrics with superhydrophobic and photothermal properties.

Due to the outbreak of global public health emergency, antibacterial fabrics such as face masks are in great demand. However, common antibacterial fabrics cannot kill bacteria in minutes and they are easy to be contaminated and lost biological activity. In this work, omnipotent antibacterial cotton fabrics with superhydrophobic and photothermal properties are developed by the combination of dopamine with copper sulfide (CuS) and silver nanoparticles on cotton fabrics, and post-modification with PDMS. The prepared PDA/CuS/Ag/PDMS composite fabrics were characterized by FE-SEM, XRD, EDS, ATR-FTIR and water contact angle. The photothermal antimicrobial properties of the fabrics were evaluated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coil) under near-infrared light (NIR) illumination or not. The results showed that the obtained superhydrophobic PDA/CuS/Ag/PDMS composite fabrics had excellent water repellence and self-cleaning effect. Regardless of NIR irradiation or not, PDA/CuS/Ag/PDMS composite fabrics possessed high antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coil, which proves their omnipotent antibacterial property.

Mitigating public hygiene anxiety in waste material applications: Development of an antibacterial and high performance triboelectric nanogenerator from recycled PET

Mitigating public hygiene anxiety in waste material applications: Development of an antibacterial and high performance triboelectric nanogenerator from recycled PET

Lignin-Based Coatings: A Sustainable Approach to Produce Antibacterial Textiles

The growing interest in developing antibacterial textiles using natural functional agents is largely driven by their sustainable and eco-friendly attributes. Lignin, a highly available biopolymer with a polyphenolic structure, has drawn attention due to its potential as a bioactive antibacterial agent. However, its inherent heterogeneity poses challenges, particularly regarding its antibacterial efficacy. In this study, unmodified kraft lignin sourced directly from the paper industry was applied to cotton and polyester fabrics, using a knife-coating technique with varying concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% w/v), to assess its potential as an antibacterial coating. The lignin-coated fabrics demonstrated hydrophobic properties, with water contact angles reaching up to 110.3° and 112.6°, for polyester and cotton fabrics, respectively, alongside significantly reduced air permeability and water vapor permeability indexes, regardless of lignin concentration. Antibacterial evaluations also revealed that lignin-based coatings, with at least 10% w/v concentration, allowed cotton fabrics with a bacterial reduction surpassing 96%, according to ASTM E2149-2013, particularly for Gram-positive S. aureus, highlighting the potential of lignin as an antibacterial agent. Despite their limited resistance to domestic washing, the lignin-coated fabrics demonstrated exceptional stability under hot-pressing conditions. Therefore, this stability, combined with the hydrophobic and antibacterial properties observed, particularly on coated cotton fabrics, highlights the potential application of lignin-based coatings for the development of antibacterial and water-repellent textiles, with these coatings being particularly suited for single-use applications or scenarios where washing resistance is not a requirement. This approach offers a sustainable and efficient method for producing functional textiles while enabling value-added utilization of lignin, showcasing its potential as an eco-friendly solution in textile functionalization.

Citronellol-functionalized natural silica: a biogenic approach for antifungal and antibacterial material applications

Citronellol-functionalized natural silica: a biogenic approach for antifungal and antibacterial material applications

Atomic-layer-deposition application for antibacterial coating of biomedical materials: surgical sutures

Suture-associated surgical site infection (SSI) causes bacterial pathogens to colonize on the suture surface that are highly resistant to antibiotic treatment. Conventional suture materials used in surgical practice are causing complications such as infection and chronic inflammation. Surgical suture materials with antibacterial coatings are widely used in surgical practice. However, all the widely used antibacterial agents are not permanent (limited lasting) due to their instability and release depending on environmental conditions (pH or temperature, for example). Therefore, more long-lasting (low-dose) and effective antibacterial function materials are required. In the present work, we proposed a new material and method of antibacterial coating the surgical sutures based on the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique to enhance its antibacterial activity for treatment of the SSI. We have proposed applying a vanadium-doped TiO2nanofilm (hybrid nanomaterial, TiVOx) with 27.5 nm thickness to enhance the antibacterial property of surgical sutures using the ALD technique. We have illustrated that a base coating of Al2O3(seed layer) applied to the suture surface, which directly contacts the polypropylene (PP) suture, improves the adhesion of the deposited antibacterial material TiVOx. This provides a long-lasting antibacterial effect on the suture (a prolonged antibacterial effect of the coating material), i.e. increases the stability of the deposition (stable in water, air, in the human body, in different pH mediums, and at temperatures up to 70 °C). The sutures did not deteriorate after several wash cycles with sterilizing solvents. Also, the antibacterial agent (TiVOx) is nontoxic. The concentration of vanadium in the film is below the toxicity limits due to the low diffusivity of vanadium and high adhesion with the base coating material (Al2O3). Sutures coated with V-doped TiO2were characterized using scanning electron microscopy images, and elemental analysis was performed using energy dispersive spectroscopy Spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of TiVOxcoated sutures against two types of microorganisms,E. coliand Proteus vulgaris (Pr. Vulgaris) was compared to that of noncoated sutures. The quantitative assessment of antibacterial activity of suture materials with and without ALD nanocoating TiVOxagainstE. coliandPr. Vulgarishas been performed. No growth of bacteria around the suture material with antibacterial TiVOxALD nanocoating throughout the entire observation period of 48 and 72 h was observed. However, after 48 h, the concentration of bacteria of theE. Coliaround the suture material without ALD TiVOxnanocoating on nutrient agar was 5.5 ± 0.3 Log CFU cm-3, and after 72 h it was 8.0 ± 0.5 Log CFU cm-3. For Pr. Vilgaris, after 48 h, the concentration of bacteria around the suture material without ALD TiVOxnanocoating on nutrient agar was 2.1 ± 0.1 Log CFU cm-3, while after 72 h it was 4.5 ± 0.2 Log CFU cm-3. ALD-coated TiVOxon the PP sutures inhibited approximately 100% of biofilm formation. Also, the inhibition zones in the disc diffusion assay revealed that all the ALD TiVOxcoating inhibited (100%) the growth ofE. coliandPr. Vulgaris, notably compared to the uncoated suture samples.

Fabrication of Multifunctional Three-Component Supramolecular Nano-Biscuits via Two Macrocycles-Involved Self-Assembly for Rice, Citrus and Kiwifruit Protections.

Bacterial plant diseases, worsened by biofilm-mediated resistance, are increasingly threatening global food security. Numerous attempts have been made to develop agrochemicals that inhibit biofilms, however, their ineffective foliar deposition and difficulty in removing mature biofilms remain major challenges. Herein, multifunctional three-component supramolecular nano-biscuits (NI6R@CB[7]@β-CD) are successfully engineered via ordered self-assembly between two macrocycles [cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)] and (R)-2-naphthol-based bis-imidazolium bromide salt (NI6R). This macrocycles-involved bactericidal material combines many advantages. 1) Alleviate the off-target movement of droplets on hydrophobic blade surfaces. 2) Enhance the biofilm-disrupting ability. At a low-dose of 4.44µg mL-1, the inhibition rate of biofilm formation reached 78.3%. At 35.5µg mL-1, the potency to remove mature biofilms reached 77.6%. 3) Efficiently hinder bacterial reproduction, swimming, extracellular polysaccharide production, extracellular enzyme secretion, and virulence to plants. These superior characteristics are undoubtedly transmitted to the in vivo control effect. At 200µg mL-1, this smart material exhibits superior control efficiencies of 49.6%/65.0%/85.4% against three kinds of bacterial diseases (rice leaf blight, citrus canker, and kiwifruit canker), respectively, surpassing the commercial bactericide-thiodiazole-copper-20%SC (33.6%/41.5%/43.2%) and NI6R (40.3%/51.2%/71.2%). Furthermore, NI6R@CB[7]@β-CD is biosafe to non-target organisms. This study is instructive for constructing multifunctional agrochemicals in sustainable crop protection.

Cariogenic Microbiota and Emerging Antibacterial Materials to Combat Dental Caries: A Literature Review

Cariogenic Microbiota and Emerging Antibacterial Materials to Combat Dental Caries: A Literature Review

Highly Antibacterial and Antifungal Cotton Fabric for Effective Odor Adsorption and Durable Waterproofing.

The demand for antibacterial, antifungal, and deodorant textiles has grown significantly with the increasing concern for health and hygiene. In this study, novel functional cotton fabric (EE) with long-lasting antibacterial, antifungal, and deodorant activity was prepared by graft modification with triclosan and eugenol. EE shows more than 99% antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton rubrum through mechanisms such as inhibiting enzyme activity and disrupting cell structure. In addition, EE shows a deodorization rate of more than 70% for odorous gases produced by humans, such as sweat, foot odor, and manure odor. In contrast to conventional coatings or wraps, EE demonstrates long-lasting and stable functionality. After 50 washing cycles, EE still exhibited durable antibacterial and antifungal properties that exceeded the AAA requirements (FZ/T 73023, showing a 99% antibacterial and antifungal rate after 50 washes) and excellent deodorant properties. While retaining the breathability and biosafety of the original cotton fabric, EE also possesses antifouling properties. Therefore, the development of cotton fabric with long-lasting antibacterial, antifungal, and deodorant functions in this study addresses the urgent need for public health and environmental friendliness. The EE can effectively enhance the value of textiles and the quality of life for users.

Exploring the multifaceted roles of metal-organic frameworks in ecosystem regulation.

Achieving microecological balance is a complex environmental challenge. This is because the equilibrium of microecological systems necessitates both the eradication of harmful microorganisms and preservation of the beneficial ones. Conventional materials predominantly target the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms and often neglect the protection of advantageous microbial species. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with excellent physicochemical properties (such as crystalline particles of various dimensions with highly porous network topology, variable local networking structures, diverse compositions with functional groups, high specific surface areas and pore volumes for surface and porous guest molecular adsorption/adhesion/affinity/binding and separation) have been extensively studied as a type of bactericidal material. However, only recently, studies on using MOFs to protect microorganisms have been reported. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms and applications of various MOFs (such as ZIF-8, ZIF-90, HKUST-1, MOF-5, and MIL-101) in both microbial eradication and protection. Insights into previous studies on MOF development, the material-bacteria interaction mechanisms, and potential clinical and environmental applications are also elucidated. MOFs with different framework structures/topologies (zeolite, sodalite, scaffolding, diamond, one-dimensional, and spherical/cylindrical cavities/pore networks), particle dimensions, polyhedral, cubic, rod and open/uncoordinated metal centers or fully coordinated metal centers, and ligand functional groups are discussed to understand the varying degrees of activation and interaction of microorganisms. This review holds potential in guiding future research on the design, synthesis, utilization, and integration of MOFs for the targeted eradication and protection of microorganisms and generating novel MOFs with selective antimicrobial and protective properties. Moreover, this review delivers a timely update and outlines future prospects for MOFs and their interaction with microorganisms, emphasizing their potential as a promising candidate among the next generation of smart materials in the field of ecosystem regulation.

Preparation of New Complexes

This paper deals with the preparation and investigation studies of a number of new complexes of Cu(II) , Zn(II) , Hg(II) , Ag(I) , Pt(IV) and Pb(II).The complexes were formed by the reaction of the mentioned metal ions with the ligand which is derived from oxadiazole (OXB), 2- (2-butyl) thio-5- phenyl – 1,3,4 – oxadiazole in the mole ratio (1:1) , (1:2) and (1:3) (metal to ligand ).The result complexes having general formulae :M(OXB)Cl2] [M(OXB)X2]H2O [ M= Cu(II) , Zn(II) M= Hg(II) , Pb(II) [M(OXB)2 X2] X= Cl– M = Cu (II), Zn (II), Hg (II), Pb (II) X= Cl–, NO3-, CH3COO- [Pt(OXB)3]Cl4 [Ag(OXB)]NO32-(2-??????? ) ???? -5- ???? –4,3,1– ???????????? OXB = These complexes have been characterized by variety of chemical, physical and spectroscopic techniques , such as elemental analysis , molar conductance , Infrared absorption spectra , electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements . These studies indicate that the tetracoordinate complexes have either square planer or tetrahedral structures and the hexacoordinate complexes while that bidentate complexes for Ag(I) have been found to have non-linear (deviated) structure . Furthermore, the prepared complexes ability was tested as their bactericidal materials.

Effect of Mushroom, Ozone Gas, and Their Combination as Pretreatment Materials on the Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Dentin.

To assess the effect of mushrooms, ozone gas, and their combination as cavity disinfectants on the bonding strength of composite to dentin. The study was conducted on 40 sound premolar teeth randomly divided into four groups. Group I: control group, Group II: mushroom group, Group III: Ozone group, and Group IV: mushroom + ozone gas (combination) group. After the pretreatment of dentin with the previous material the adhesive bonding agents and composite were applied and polymerized. The shear bond strength was measured using the universal testing machine. A sample from each group was evaluated blindly by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to see changes in dentin morphology after treatment. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA for inter-group general comparisons while qualitative data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test. The mean value of shear bond strength of the control group was 5.44 ± 1.45, the mushroom group was 7.55 ± 3.46, the ozone group was 10.42 ± 6.55 and the mushroom and ozone group was 7.45 ± 5.26. Comparison between the four groups regarding the shear bond strength indicated that there was a non-significant difference between the tested groups, with a p-value of 0.52. The SEM result showed a continuous hybrid layer in all groups with no gap formation in the combination group. It was concluded that ozone and mushrooms could be employed reliably as cavity disinfectants in permanent teeth without affecting bond strength negatively. The ozone group showed the highest bond strength. Using antibacterial material before restoration is important to help in the prevention of recurrent caries and increase the longevity of restoration, and this should be performed without affecting bond strength. How to cite this article: Ali MAS, Alrafee SA, Metwally NI, et al. Effect of Mushroom, Ozone Gas, and Their Combination as Pretreatment Materials on the Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(10):914-920.

Plasma Assisted Surface Decoration of PLA Nonwoven Materials With Selenium Nanoparticles for Improvement of Antibacterial and Biocompatible Properties

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to enhance the antibacterial and biocompatible properties of PLA nonwoven materials by plasma‐assisted surface decoration with selenium nanoparticles. PLA nonwoven materials were pretreated by plasma surface modification technology for varying durations. Subsequently, Se nanoparticles obtained from the redox reaction of sodium selenite were loaded onto the PLA surfaces through impregnation. SEM images demonstrated that plasma pretreatment enhances the uniformity of Se nanoparticles as well as the contents loaded onto the PLA nonwoven materials. Based on EDS analysis, the relative concentration of Se elements increased with longer plasma pretreatment durations, reaching 6.38% after 6 min of treatment. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of elemental selenium nanoparticles. Furthermore, the results of surface wettability showed that the surface of Se/PLA composites changed from hydrophobic to super hydrophilic after the plasma and Se combined treatment. Moreover, bacterial inhibition of the Se/PLA composites substantially improved with increasing plasma pretreatment time. The Se/PLA composites with 6 min of plasma pretreatment showed the best antibacterial performance and biocompatibility, with inhibition rates against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reaching 95.75% and 75.54%, respectively, and cell viability was over 99% for L929 cells. These functionalized Se/PLA composites exhibit tremendous potential for applications in novel antibacterial materials.

Antibacterial and self-cleaning cellulosic fabrics mediated by ecofriendly synthesized selenium and titania nanoparticles

Antibacterial and self-cleaning cellulosic fabrics mediated by ecofriendly synthesized selenium and titania nanoparticles

Development and antibacterial evaluation of a dopamine-modified curcumin@zinc-based organic framework.

Antibiotics are crucial for treating and preventing bacterial infections. However, the widespread use of antibiotics has led to serious antibiotic resistance issues. To address the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, we designed and synthesized an antibacterial composite material, CCM@ZIF-8@PDA, through a one-pot method and surface modification strategy. This material combines the antibacterial properties of the natural product curcumin, the advantages of ZIF-8, and the photothermal conversion capability of PDA. It exhibits three antibacterial mechanisms against S. aureus: chemical antibacterial, ionic antibacterial, and photothermal antibacterial effects. At a low concentration of 100 ppm, CCM@ZIF-8@PDA achieves a 100% antibacterial rate. This multi-modal antibacterial strategy provides insights for developing new antibacterial materials to combat antibiotic resistance.

Fresh insights into structure-function-integrated self-antibacterial Cu-containing Al alloys: giving Al alloys a new function.

Contact infection by bacteria and viruses is a serious concern to human health. The increasing occurrence of public health problems has stimulated the urgent need for the development of antibacterial materials. Al alloys are the fastest-growing mass-produced material group, a prerequisite for the lightweight design of vehicles, food containers and storage, as well as civil-engineering structures. In this work, the structure-function-integrated concept was used to design and produce self-antibacterial Al-xCu (x = 2.8 and 5.7) alloys for the first time ever. The antibacterial tests indicated that Al-2.8Cu and Al-5.7Cu alloys provided a stable and efficient bacteriostatic rate against S. aureus and E. coli, which was 87% for Al-2.8Cu and 100% for Al-5.7Cu against S. aureus at 24 h, and 89% for Al-2.8Cu and 94% for Al-5.7Cu against E. coli at 24 h. The antibacterial effect was similar to the commonly-used antibacterial materials with a similar Cu content. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Al-2.8Cu and Al-5.7Cu were comparable to those of the current commonly-used commercial casting Al-Cu alloys. Structural insights into the performance and biomedical function by Cu-rich precipitates provided understanding of the mechanisms of these structure-function-integrated self-antibacterial Cu-containing Al alloys: (i) the Cu-rich precipitates produced strengthening, and (ii) the immediate contact with Cu-rich precipitates and the Cu2+ caused a synergistic action in improving antibacterial activity. This work gives Al alloys a new function and inspires fresh insights into structure-function-integrated antibacterial Al alloys.

Antibacterial and antifouling materials for urinary catheter coatings.

Implantable medical devices have played a significant role in improving both medical care and patients' quality of life. Urinary Catheters (UCs) are commonly utilized as a substitute for bladder drainage and urine collection to prevent urinary retention in patients. However, bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the catheter surface are prone to occur, leading to catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and other complications. In recent years, UC coatings have garnered increasing attention. In this review, various antifouling and antibacterial materials for UC coatings are summarized and their impacts on bacterial activities are linked to potential mechanisms of action. Additionally, this review provides an in-depth understanding of the current advancements in UC coatings by presenting the advantages, limitations, notable achievements, and latest research findings. Finally, it anticipates the prospective design and development trajectories of UC coatings in this domain. This holds paramount significance in advancing medical device technology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Combating catheter-associated urinary tract infections is a major healthcare challenge, and urinary catheter (UC) coatings are considered promising candidates to counter these infections. In this review, various antifouling and antibacterial materials for UCs are summarized, and their impacts on bacterial activities are linked to potential mechanisms of action. Additionally, the review provides an in-depth understanding of the current advancements in UC coatings by presenting the advantages, limitations, notable achievements, and latest research findings. This holds paramount significance in advancing medical device technology. This review not only contributes to the scientific research but also sparks interest among readerships and other researchers in the study of safer and more effective UC coatings for improved patient outcomes.

Fabrication and comprehensive characterization of HPMC/PVA/CMC-MoO₃ bio-nanocomposites: Enhanced mechanical, electrical, and antibacterial properties for food packaging applications.

This study explores the synthesis and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films composed of HPMC/PVA/CMC blends with molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) nanofillers at varying concentrations. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the structural integrity of the polymer matrix, with MoO₃ enhancing crystallinity as its concentration increases. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveals strong hydrogen bonding between MoO₃ and the polymer matrix, leading to improved interfacial compatibility. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy indicates enhanced optical properties, with increased UV absorption correlating with higher MoO₃ content. As the MoO₃ concentration increased, the indirect energy gap decreased from 3.96eV to 2.94eV. Mechanical testing demonstrates significant improvements in tensile properties, including Young's modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and toughness, attributed to MoO₃'s electrostatic and hydrogen bonding effects on the polymer network. Electrical and dielectric analyses further show that higher MoO₃ levels boost conductivity, interfacial polarization, and charge storage, particularly at low frequencies. Additionally, the addition of MoO₃ reduces the contact angle, enhancing hydrophilicity, and significantly increases cell viability, achieving a peak value of 93.33±1.73% at 2.0% MoO₃ loading. Antibacterial assays confirm strong inhibition of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial growth, with greater efficacy observed against gram-positive strains. These results underscore the potential of HPMC/PVA/CMC-MoO₃ nanocomposites for applications in bio-compatible, mechanically robust, and antibacterial materials.

Preparation of eco-friendly multifunctional lyocell fabric with flame retardant, antibacterial and UV resistant using glucose-derived NP compounds.

A biomass-based finishing agent (ArCP) rich in nitrogen and phosphorus was synthesized from glucose, arginine and phosphorous acid, which was then used for lyocell fabrics to prepare flame retardant, antibacterial and UV resistant properties lyocell fabrics (ArCP-lyocell). The elemental composition, surface morphology, combustion performance, antibacterial and UV resistant properties for the lyocell fabrics before and after modification were investigated. ArCP-lyocell fabrics showed excellent self-extinguishing properties with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 35.1% and maintained an LOI of 30.7% even after 30 laundering cycles (LCs). Antibacterial experiments confirmed the antibacterial effect of ArCP-lyocell against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with 99.9% and 92.8% inhibition rates, respectively. In addition, the modified fabrics exhibited excellent UV resistant properties with a UV production factor (UPF) of up to 184.54, and lower transmittance both UVA and UVB rays under 2%. This study provides a simple and efficient approach for developing eco-friendly multifunctional textiles.

Preparation of biodegradable, antibacterial core-spun yarns with braided structures using QAS/PLA micro/nanocomposites

Medical antibacterial textiles play a vital role in tackling the issue of bacterial infection. Traditional surgical sutures face significant challenges due to wound infection caused by bacteria and breakage and scars caused by poor suture strength. Therefore, a new antibacterial and high-strength suture preparation strategy with wide clinical applicability was highly desired. In this study, a biodegradable quaternary ammonium salt (QAS)/polylactic acid (PLA) core-spun yarn with excellent antibacterial and mechanical properties was prepared by conjugated electrospinning technology combined with the braiding process. The antibacterial test results revealed the best overall performance of the PLA micro/nanofiber core-spun yarn with 0.3 wt% QAS antibacterial agent. The antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was 94.49% and 94.00%, respectively, which could effectively solve the problem of wound infection caused by bacteria. In addition, we used the diamond-braided structure to address the poor strength and fragility of the traditional suture strength. The braiding angle of 30° and 45° could effectively enhance the mechanical properties of the yarn, and the breaking strength was also in line with the industry standard. The study proposed that the degradable QAS/PLA micro/nanofiber core-spun yarn, due to its excellent antibacterial and mechanical properties, could find application in medical protection. This provided a new avenue for research into new antibacterial surgical sutures.