Antibacterial Properties Research Articles

Silver-nanoparticle-modified nanocellulose synthesized by pyroligneous acid: cytotoxicity towards HaCat cells

In the present study, pyroligneous acid, also known as wood vinegar, has been employed as reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) anchored on nanocellulose (NC). The idea is to confer the latter bactericidal properties for its typical uses such as in cosmetics and food-packing. It has been demonstrated that AgNPs can be directly produced onto NC in one-pot fashion while dramatically enhancing the kinetics of AgNPs synthesis (2 h for reaction completion) in comparison to the NC-less counterpart (10 days for reaction completion). Furthermore, NC allowed for a narrower size distribution of AgNPs. NC-supported and non-supported AgNPs had sizes of 5.1 ± 1.6 nm and 16.7 ± 4.62 nm, respectively. Immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCat) cells were then employed as model to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the AgNPs-NC compound. The latter was found not to impact cell proliferation at any formulation, while decreasing the viability by only 6.8% after 72 h. This study contributes to the development of more environmentally benign routes to produce nanomaterials and to the understanding of their impact on cells.

Chemical Composition, Antifungal, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Antiviral and Cytotoxic Activities of Ruta chalepensis L. Fixed Oil from Saudi Arabia

An aromatic plant is called Ruta chalepensis L. known locally as “Fidjel,” grows in rocky, arid places. Its pharmacological activities are pleiotropic. The goal of the present investigation was to use GCMS and HPLC analysis to identify the chemical constituents of oil extracted from Ruta chalepensis L. and assess its antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Linoleic acid was the most predominant acid found in Ruta chalepensis L. oil, then oleic acid, palmitic acid, and linolenic acid. 13.64 μg/mL of tocopherol (α-, β-, and γ-tocopherol) was identified. The primary phytosterols are β-sitosterol and campesterol. At 200 μL/mL of Ruta chalepensis L. oil, phenolic components rated 84.4 GAE/mL and had 94.0% antioxidant activity. Zone inhibition efficacy of Ruta chalepensis L. oil against microbial strains, particularly E. coli with a diameter of 42.3 mm, was demonstrated. MBC (30 μL/mL and 40 μL/mL) are the bactericidal action against E. coli and S. aureus, while MIC bacteriostatic (30 μL/mL) was also demonstrated. However, Ruta chalepensis L. oil was ineffective against Saccharomyces cervisia and fungal strains. Weak inhibitory impact of Ruta chalepensis L. oil was observed against the PC-3 (prostate cancer) cell line. Nonetheless, it had a significant inhibitory impact on the A2780 (ovarian cancer) cell line. At 100 μg/mL of oil, Ruta chalepensis L. oil showed a low antiviral impact (7.93±2.03%) against the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Oil from Ruta chalepensis L. is a promising option for the medical management of non- transmissible illnesses, since it is wealthy in antioxidants and bioactive substances.

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Chalcones in Oncology: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract:: Chalcone is a bioactive flavonoid contained in various plants such as Angelica archangelica, Pueraria lobata, and Glycyrrhiza glabra. It has been studied extensively in the field of pharmaceutical sciences due to its significant role in therapeutic potential including antibacterial, antiinflammatory, analgesic, cytotoxic, and anti-tumour properties. A plenty of study indicated numerous chalcone derivatives exhibit enhanced potency and reduced toxicity as compared to natural analogues. In this review, we introduce chalcone and its various derivatives including 1- naphthylacetophenone, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-furoyloxy, 3-(furan-2-yl)pyrazol-4-yl, 4'-alkoxy, 4- anilinoquinolinyl, 4-aryloxyquinazolines, acridine, benzamide, benzenesulfonamide, bischalcone, cinnamoylthiazoles, D-glucosyl azides, dialkylamino, dihydropyrimidinone, indole, isoquinoline, ligustrazine, morpholinothiazole, naphthalene, quinoline, sulphonamide, thiazoleimidazopyridine, thienyl, thiophene, triazines, triazole-benzimidazole, tri-methoxyphenyl, and α- trifluoromethyl hybrids and display their promising activity against various cancer cell lines, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, and liver cancer.

The molecular effects underlying the pharmacological activities of daphnetin

As an increasingly well-known derivative of coumarin, daphnetin (7,8-dithydroxycoumarin) has demonstrated various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-autoimmune diseases, antibacterial, organ protection, and neuroprotection properties. Various studies have been conducted to explore the action mechanisms and synthetic methods of daphnetin, given its therapeutic potential in clinical. Despite these initial insights, the precise mechanisms underlying the pharmacological activities of daphnetin remain largely unknown. In order to address this knowledge gap, we explore the molecular effects from the perspectives of signaling pathways, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and inflammatory factors; and try to find out how these mechanisms can be utilized to inform new combined therapeutic strategies.

Preparation, drug loading and antibacterial properties of zinc-iron-based nanomaterials

Preparation, drug loading and antibacterial properties of zinc-iron-based nanomaterials

Photocrosslinked carboxymethylcellulose-based hydrogels: Synthesis, characterization for curcumin delivery and wound healing

Skin could protect our body and regenerate itself to against dysfunctional and disfiguring scars when faced with external injury. As wound dressings, hydrogels are biocompatible, hydrophilic and have a 3D structure similar to the extracellular matrix (ECM). In particular, hydrogels with drug-releasing capabilities are in acute wound healing. In this paper, photocrosslinked hydrogels served as wound dressing based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were prepared to promote wound healing. Photocrosslinked hydrogels were prepared by grafting lysine and allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) onto CMC and encapsulating curcumin (Cur). The synthesized hydrogels had the unique 3D porous structure with a swelling ratio up to 1300 % in aqueous solution. The drug release ratios of the hydrogels were 20.8 % in acid environment, and 14.4 % in alkaline environment. Notably, the hydrogels showed good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties and also exhibited the ability to accelerate the process of skin wound healing while prevent inflammation and scar formation when applied to a mouse skin wound model. As a result, the prepared hydrogels Gel-CLA@Cur showed great potential in wound healing.

A multifunctional collagen-base bilayer membrane integrated with a bimetallic/polydopamine network for enhanced guided bone regeneration.

The guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique is an effective treatment for small and medium-sized bone defects in the oral and maxillofacial region. However, currently available collagen membranes have limited functionality and are inadequate for clinical requirements. To address this challenge, this study pioneeringly developed a multifunctional bilayer membrane. Specifically, a bimetallic/polydopamine network (BPN), consisting of silver, magnesium, and dopamine, was successfully synthesized for the first time and integrated with collagen and hydroxyapatite. The resulting material was characterized, and its physicochemical properties, along with its barrier, osteogenic, angiogenic, antibacterial, hemostatic, and biosafety effects, were evaluated through both in vitro and in vivo studies. The results indicated that the BPN, composed of magnesium ions, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), and polydopamine (PDA), exhibited excellent thermal stability and slow release of silver and magnesium elements. The BPN/Col-HA membrane featured a bilayer structure with uniform distribution of silver and magnesium. It also demonstrated good hydrophilicity, suitable degradation and mechanical properties, as well as sustained release of silver and magnesium. In vitro experiments showed that the BPN/Col-HA membrane possessed desirable barrier, osteogenic, angiogenic, antibacterial, hemostatic, and biocompatible properties. In vivo results further confirmed its biosafety, hemostatic efficacy, and ability to effectively promote bone defect repair and angiogenesis. Thus, the BPN/Col-HA membrane emerges as a multifunctional GBR membrane with potential for clinical translation.

ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM MYRTUS COMMUNIS CALLUS

This study was aimed to evaluate atotal phenolic content, antibacterial activity, and antioxidant activity of M. communis callus extracts were evaluated. Callus induction in general Murashige and Skoog (MS) media is completed by the Benzil adenine's unique knowledge of callus formation. A well diffusion experiment was used to examine antibacterial interest in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The DPPH radical scavenging activity test was used to measure antioxidant activity. FTIR and HPLC have been used to pinpoint the presence of polyphenol compounds in calluses. The total phenol content of plant leaves extract (0.1, 0.5, and 1) mg/ml was 42.12, 94.08, and 189 mg of Gallic acid equivalents GAE/g, respectively. Bacterial growth was greatly inhibited by the polyphenol extract from the callus. In comparison to ascorbic acid, the polyphenol extract from the sample has a very high level of 90.17 percent with substantial at P ≤0.05 antioxidant capabilities. There was evidence of phenolic–OH stretching, C-H stretching, aromatic C=C, and C–O stretching in the polyphenol fraction of the M. communis callus that was analyzed using FTIR. According to past research, this is a good fit HPLC revealed the presence of phenolic compounds in the callus. The antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the callus polyphenol may be extrapolated from this study.

Dilute acetic acid marketed as vinegar substitute, and Algerian apple home-made vinegar: assessment of physicochemical properties, bioactive com-pounds, and biological activity

The quality of vinegar varies depending on the raw materials and fermentation methods used. This study aimed to compare traditional vinegar made from western Algerian apples (VT) to two brands of diluted acetic acid marketed as vinegar substitutes. The physicochemical, microbiological, bioactive compound, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the different samples were evaluated. The acidity and pH values were close in all samples. However, HPLC analysis showed that VT contained various phenolic compounds and organic acids, while vinegar substitutes only had acetic acid. The microbiological diversity of VT included acetic acid bacteria, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, and yeasts, whereas vinegar substitutes were sterile. The antioxidant activity of VT was higher than that of vinegar substitutes, and the antibacterial efficacy of VT was greater than that of vinegar substitutes at a lower inhibitory dilution. These findings indicate that homemade vinegar is superior to vinegar substitutes and provide valuable insights for consumers to avoid deceptive products

Formulation, Evaluation and Comparison of Lab made Toothpaste with Marketed Brand of Toothpaste

Toothpaste is a paste or gel useful to maintain dental health and preventing dental disease like cavities and promote oral hygiene it is an abrasive that aids in removing dental plaque and food from the teeth, assists in suppressing halitosis. It contains surfactants and active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent tooth decay (dental caries) and gum disease (gingivitis). Large amounts of swallowed toothpaste can be toxic. The aimed of current research to formulate herbal toothpaste utilizing plant extract like Neem leaves, Guava leaves. The plant extract ingredient posses the anti-bacterial and antiseptic properties. The herbal toothpaste formulated which can satisfy all the required condition to keep the mouth fresh and prevent tooth decay by bacteria. The formulated herbal toothpaste compared with marketed preparation. The formulated herbal toothpaste compared with marketed preparation. Physical examination: Colour-greenish green, smooth in nature, ph-8.2, spreadability- Good and stable formulation. The outcome of this research herbal toothpaste shows equal patronizing and engrossing passion over the marketed preparation it was consider after the comparing the marketed preparation(Colgate, Dabur Red, Dantkanti) with formulated herbal toothpaste. It has been good scope in future dental research and dental health of public.

Significance of Triazole in Medicinal Chemistry: Advancement in Drug Design, Reward and Biological Activity.

One of the triazole tautomers, 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, has a wide range of biological activities that suggest its potential therapeutic utility in medicinal chemistry. These actions include anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-tuberculosis, and anti-diabetic effects. Using computational simulations and models, we investigate the structure-activity relationships of 1,2,4-triazoles, showing how various modifications to the triazole core yield a variety of clinical therapeutic benefits. The review highlights the anti-inflammatory effect of 1,2,4-triazoles in relation to their ability to disrupt significant inflammatory mediators and pathways. We present in-silico data that illuminate the triazoles' capacity to inhibit cell division, encourage apoptosis, and stop metastasis in a range of cancer models. This review looks at the bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, with a focus on their potential efficacy against multi-drug resistant bacterial infections and their usage in tuberculosis therapy. In order to better understand these substances' potential anti-diabetic benefits, this review also looks at how they affect glucose metabolism regulation and insulin responsiveness. Coordinated efforts are required to translate the efficacy of 1,2,4-triazole compounds in preclinical models into practical therapeutic benefits. Based on the information provided, it can be concluded that 1,2,4-triazole derivatives are a promising class of diverse therapeutic agents with potential utility in a range of disorders. Their development and improvement might herald a new era of medical care that will be immensely advantageous to both patients and the medical community as a whole. This comprehensive research, which is further reinforced by in-silico investigations, highlights the great medicinal potential of 1,2,4-triazoles. Additionally, this study encourages more research into these substances and their enhancement for use in pharmaceutical development.

Melt-extruded biocompatible surgical sutures loaded with microspheres designed for wound healing.

Sutures are commonly used in surgical procedures and have immense potential for direct drug delivery into the wound site. However, incorporating active pharmaceutical ingredients into the sutures has always been challenging as their mechanical strength deteriorates. This study proposes a new method to produce microspheres-embedded surgical sutures that offer adequate mechanical properties for effective wound healing applications. The study used curcumin, a bioactive compound found in turmeric, as a model drug due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-bacterial properties, which make it an ideal candidate for a surgical suture drug delivery system. Curcumin-loaded microspheres were produced using the emulsion solvent evaporation method with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the aqueous phase. The microspheres ' particle sizes, drug loading capacity, and encapsulation efficiency were investigated. Microspheres were melt-extruded with polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) via a 3D bioplotter, followed by a drawing process to optimise the mechanical strength. The sutures' thermal, physiochemical, and mechanical properties were investigated, and the drug delivery and biocompatibility were evaluated. The results showed that increasing the aqueous phase concentration resulted in smaller particle sizes and improved drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency. However, if PVA was used at 3% w/v or below, it prevented aggregate formation after lyophilisation, and the average particle size was found to be 34.32 ± 12.82 μm. The sutures produced with the addition of microspheres had a diameter of 0.38±0.02 mm, a smooth surface, minimal tissue drag, and proper tensile strength. Furthermore, due to the encapsulated drug-polymer structure, the sutures exhibited a prolonged and sustained drug release of up to 14 days. Microsphere-loaded sutures demonstrated non-toxicity and accelerated wound healing in the in vitro studies. We anticipate that the microsphere-loaded sutures will serve as an excellent biomedical device for facilitating wound healing.

Chemically Peptide Synthesis and Role of Arginine and Lysine in the Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activity of Synthetic Peptides: A Comprehensive Review

ABSTRACTThis review examines the potential applications of peptides in biotechnology, medicine, and pharmacy, while highlighting the important antibacterial and antiviral properties of peptides. Peptides and chemical peptide synthesis have become a field of study that is gaining great momentum today. Some of the main reasons for this are high specificity, biodegradability and versatility of peptides. Peptides also have some specific properties that make them attractive for pharmaceutical development. As a case study, it can be used to create peptides that can be used to replace or fix damaged proteins in the body by mimicking the action of naturally occurring proteins. Delivering drugs or other therapeutic agents to specific cells or tissues is another method that can help increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce unwanted effects. Various types of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as defensins and cathelicidins, and their anti‐infective properties are also discussed. Finally, peptides (melittin, lactoferricin, etc.) can be used to trigger an immune response against certain infections, such as COVID‐19 and Zika virus, by acting as vaccines. In our study, a comprehensive review was made on antiviral and AMPs, and especially peptides containing arginine and lysine were mentioned. The properties of these peptides, examples of these peptides and their developments in the pharmaceutical field are emphasized.

Hydrogen-Bonding-Regulated Morphology Control and the Impact on the Antibacterial Activity of Cationic π-Amphiphiles.

This manuscript describes the synthesis, self-assembly, and antibacterial properties of naphthalene-diimide (NDI)-derived cationic π-amphiphiles. Three such asymmetric NDI derivatives with a nonionic hydrophilic wedge and a guanidine group in the two opposite sides of the NDI chromophore were considered. They differ by a single functional group (hydrazide, amide, and ester for NDI-1, NDI-2, and NDI-3, respectively), located in the linker between the NDI and the hydrophilic wedge. For NDI-1, the H-bonding among the hydrazides regulated unilateral stacking and a preferential direction of curvature of the resulting supramolecular polymer, producing an unsymmetric polymersome with the guanidinium groups displayed at the outer surface. NDI-3, lacking any H-bonding group, exhibits π-stacking without any preferential orientation and generates spherical particles with a relatively poor display of the guanidium groups. In sharp contrast to NDI-1, NDI-2 exhibits an entangled one-dimensional (1D) fibrillar morphology, indicating the prominent role of the H-bonding motif of the amide group and flexibility of the linker. The antibacterial activity of these assemblies was probed against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). NDI-1 showed the most promising antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ∼7.8 μg/mL against S. aureus and moderate activity (MIC ∼ 125 μg/mL) against E. coli. In sharp contrast, NDI-3 did not show any significant activity against the bacteria, suggesting a strong impact of the H-bonding-regulated directional assembly. NDI-2, forming a fibrillar network, showed moderate activity against S. aureus and negligible activity against E. coli, highlighting a significant impact of the morphology. All of these three molecules were found to be compatible with mammalian cells from the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and hemolysis assay. The mechanistic investigation by membrane polarization assay, live/dead fluorescence assay, and microscopy studies confirmed the membrane disruption mechanism of cell killing for the lead candidate NDI-1.

Enhanced diabetic wound healing with injectable hydrogel containing self-assembling nanozymes

To build a smart system in response to the variable microenvironment in infected diabetic wounds, a multifunctional wound dressing was constructed by co-incorporating glucose oxidase (GOx) and a pH-responsive self-assembly Cu2−xSe-BSA nanozyme into a dual-dynamic bond cross-linked hydrogel (OBG). This composite hydrogel (OBG@CG) can adhere to the wound site and respond to the acidic inflammatory environment, initiating the GOx-catalyzed generation of H2O2 and the self-assembly activated peroxidase-like property of Cu2−xSe-BSA nanozymes, resulting in significant hydroxyl radical production to attack the biofilm during the acute infection period and alleviate the high-glucose microenvironment for better wound healing. During the wound recovery phase, Cu2−xSe-BSA aggregates disassembled owing to the elevated pH, terminating catalytic reactive oxygen species generation. Simultaneously, Cu2+ released from the Cu2−xSe-BSA not only promotes the production of mature collagen but also enhances the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that OBG@CG exerted its antibacterial property by damaging the integrity of the biofilm by inducing radicals and interfering with the energy supply, along with destroying the defense system by disturbing thiol metabolism and reducing transporter activities. This work proposes an innovative glucose consumption strategy for infected diabetic wound management, which may inspire new ideas in the exploration of smart wound dressing.

Innovative Application of Juniperus Communis Wood Oil in Acne Skincare:

This review study explores the potential of Juniperus communis wood oil in cosmetics, namely its efficacy in treating acne diseases and its antibacterial qualities. Acne is a common skin ailment characterized by inflammation and the presence of several forms of acne lesions. Traditional acne treatments sometimes involve medications that may have possible side effects, which has sparked a growing interest in natural alternatives with antibacterial properties. Juniperus communis, commonly referred to as juniper, is extensively utilized in traditional medicine for its firmly established therapeutic advantages. This article consolidates the current scientific literature on the use of Juniperus communis wood oil for acne treatment, encompassing its mechanisms of action and its capacity to attack acne-causing bacteria by means of its antimicrobial properties. The review analyzes the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, sebum-regulating, and anti-comedogenic properties of Juniperus communis wood oil. The paper also evaluates the efficacy of the treatment by analyzing its influence on many indicators, such as the decrease in the number of lesions, inflammation, and sebum production, as evidenced in clinical investigations. The text explores several aspects related to safety factors and formulation considerations, including extraction processes, synergistic effects, and appropriate administration systems. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the potential benefits of utilizing Juniperus communis wood oil as a treatment for acne, its potential implications for future acne therapies, and the need for further research in this area.

Wild Thymus zygis L. ssp. gracilis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils

Abstract Natural substances extracted from plants have been increasingly studied and recognized, recently. Essential oils (EOs), for example, possess antioxidant and antibacterial properties, enabling their application across different sectors like agro-food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. In Morocco, exceptional plant diversity, mirroring the diversity of ecosystems, has not yet revealed all its secrets. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of EOs from Thymus zygis L. ssp. gracilis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. collected in the El Hoceima and Mamora regions, respectively. The EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation employing a Clevenger-type apparatus. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses identified 54 constituents representing 92.65% of the total for T. zygis and 55 components representing 99.60% for E. camaldulensis. The primary components found in the EO of T. zygis are δ-terpineol (27.64%), followed by δ-3-carene (15.7%), thymol (14.17%), and dehydrolinalool (4.99%). The main compounds in E. camaldulensis EO are 1,8-cineole (43.61%), γ-terpinene (11.71%), α-terpineol (10.58%), and p-cymene (4.93%). The antioxidant properties of these oils were investigated by utilization of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) test. The antibacterial activity was assessed against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli). Both EOs showed significant antioxidant activity but were less effective than reference antioxidants quercetin and catechin. Antibacterial studies demonstrated strong activity of T. zygis and E. camaldulensis EOs against the studied bacteria, as well as good inhibitory properties (minimum inhibitory concentration).

Oliveria decumbens, a Long-Neglected Plant with Promising Phytochemical and Biological Properties.

Oliveria decumbens is a folkloric medicinal plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, traditionally utilized to treat various diseases like gastrointestinal disorders, fever, and wounds. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the plant's phytochemical composition and biological properties, with potential implications for various industries and avenues of further research. The data presented here has been compiled through searches utilizing the keyword "Oliveria" across scientific databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SciFinder. Carvacrol and thymol have been identified as the primary volatile constituents, though the complete profile of the plant extract remains to be fully elucidated. Notably, Oliveria decumbens essential oil exhibits significant antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Additionally, the plant extract demonstrates promising antiprotozoal, antiviral, hepatoprotective, and immunostimulant effects, although these findings are primarily derived from preliminary studies. While in vitro and in vivo investigations have validated some traditional uses of O. decumbens, further pre-clinical testing is warranted to ascertain both efficacy and safety profiles. Moreover, the identification of specific components within the plant extract is crucial for a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of action underlying its therapeutic properties within the realm of phytomedicine.

The Photodynamic Antibacterial Activity Properties of a Series of Indium(III) Porphyrins and their Gold and Silver Nanoparticle Conjugates

AbstractIn(III) tetraarylporphyrin complexes with 4‐thiomethylphenyl (1‐InPor), thien‐3‐yl (2‐InPor), thien‐2‐yl (3‐InPor) and 5‐bromothien‐2‐yl (4‐InPor) meso‐aryl rings have been synthesized and characterized. The complexes have been conjugated to gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs). The photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) activities of 1–4‐InPor and their AuNP and AgNP conjugates have been investigated against both planktonic bacteria and biofilms of Gram‐(+) S. aureus and Gram‐(−) E. coli. 2.5 μg.mL−1 solutions of 1–4‐InPor exhibited favorable PACT activities against planktonic S. aureus with high Log10 reduction values in the 4.28–7.69 range upon 75 min photoirradiation with a Thorlabs M625L3 LED (240 mW.cm−2) mounted onto the illumination chamber of a Modulight 7710 medical laser system to provide a dose at the well‐plate of 86 mJ.cm−2.min−1. In contrast, low values in the 1.4–1.9 range were obtained against E. coli with 10 μg.mL−1 solutions. 1–4‐InPor exhibited relatively low PACT activity against the biofilm cells of S. aureus and E. coli. Conjugation of 1–4‐InPor to AgNPs and AuNPs significantly enhanced the PACT activities. This is demonstrated by the complete eradication of planktonic S. aureus at shorter irradiation times with high Log10 values>7.69 and moderate Log10 values>2 against planktonic E. coli for the meso‐thienylporphyrin conjugates.

A functional hydrogel of dopamine-modified gelatin with photothermal properties for enhancing infected wound healing

Infected skin wound has gradually become a prevalent injury that affects overall health. Currently, biomaterials with good adhesion, efficient antibacterial properties, and angiogenesis are considered as a suitable way to effectively heal infected wound. Herein, a multifunctional hydrogel comprising gelatin, dopamine (DA), and ferric ions (Fe3+) was developed for infected wound healing. The modified gelatin-dopamine (Gel-DA) enhanced adhesive capability. Subsequently introducing ferric ions (Fe3+) to form Gel-DA-Fe3+ hydrogels by Fe3+ and catechol coordination bonds. The designed hydrogels demonstrated multifaceted functionality, encompassing photothermal antibacterial, angiogenesis, and so on. The introduction of DA enhanced the adhesion of Gel-DA-Fe3+ to the skin surface and might serve as a physical barrier to seal wound. Meanwhile, DA and Fe3+ jointly endowed good photothermal effects to composite hydrogels, which could eliminate over 95 % of bacteria. In vitro results revealed that Gel-DA-Fe3+ hydrogels had good biocompatibility and promoted HUVECs migration and tube formation. Furthermore, in vivo studies confirmed that Gel-DA-Fe3+ hydrogels markedly expedited the wound healing of rats through eradicating bacteria, accelerating the deposition of collagen, and promoting angiogenesis. What’s more, Gel-DA-Fe3+ hydrogels under near-infrared laser had a more pronounced ability for wound healing. Therefore, Gel-DA-Fe3+ hydrogels had great potential for application in bacteria-infected wound healing.