Antibacterial Finishing Research Articles

Use of Tea and Tobacco Industrial Wastes in Dyeing and Antibacterial Finishing of Cotton Fabrics

Textile finishing processes cover a variety of steps in which various chemicals and methods can be used to functionalize the fabrics. The objective of this study is to investigate the usability of tea and tobacco industrial waste as natural dye sources and antibacterial agents for cotton fabrics. These wastes were collected from the related mills and used directly without previous extraction, as well as in extracted form. Dyeings were conducted at two different temperatures and the dyed samples were analyzed in terms of obtained colors, fastness values, and antibacterial efficiencies. Useful coloration of the cotton fabrics with sufficient fastness values was achieved, with bacterial reductions dependent upon treatment conditions. In general, waste from tea processing yielded better results.

The antibacterial and aroma finishing of cotton fabrics by mentha pipertia extract

Mentha piperita is a hybrid mint, a crossbreed between watermint and spearmint. Indigenous to Europe and the Middle East, the plant is now widely spread and cultivated in many regions of the world. It is occasionally found in the wild with its parent species. This study has been undertaken to apply Mentha piperita bio extract on woven cotton textiles for antibacterial finish. With a view to understand the effect of various functional groups present in the herb, molecular characterisation was done using FTIR. Chemical groups responsible for antibacterial behaviour and the chemical structure of this plant were investigated through GCMS. Mentha piperita treated fabric has greater colour depth (K/S) in comparison to original fabric and it increases with increase in concentration. The mordanted fabrics were immersed in the 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentration of ethanolic extracted Mentha piperita for five minutes and padded individually in the presence of citric acid. The fabric was then dried at 80 °C for 3 min and cured at 110 °C for 2 min.The fabrics were evaluated for antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria (Escherichia.coli) and gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) by Agar Well Diffusion method. Zone of inhibition of 7 mm to 21 mm was measured for the different treated fabrics against gram negative bacteria (Escherichia.coli) when compared with 5 mm to 18 mm for gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus).Zone of inhibition in treated fabrics reveal that the antibacterial effect is more potent against gram negative bacteria. There is zone of inhibition for both gram negative and gram positive bacteria after 20 washing cycles. However, Mentha piperita treated fabric can retain 42.8–71.4% of its initial antibacterial property even after 20 washing cycles. Cotton fabrics also generate fragrance after treatment. Fragrance intensity ratings of 200 respondents have been documented and evaluated.

Antibacterial finishing of cotton fabrics by dyeing with olive tree leaves fallen during olive harvesting

The study was focused on the usability of olive tree leaves fallen during olive harvesting in dyeing and antibacterial finishing of cotton fabrics for cleaner production. Valorizing these waste (olive tree leaves) obtained during harvesting and using them in textile treatment processes would ensure a cleaner and more sustainable production. For this aim, olive tree leaves were subjected to an extraction process before their use in dyeing as well as directly use without any previous extraction. Six mordanting agents were also tested. Dyeing was done at two different temperatures (80°C and 100°C), and the liquor ratio was 1:60. First, the treated samples were tested for fastness and color variety. It was observed that sufficient fastness and color variety can be produced by using olive tree leaves with or without mordanting agents. Antibacterial tests were also conducted for samples dyed without mordanting agents. The antibacterial effects of mordants were also tested. The samples were tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It was found that mordanting agents provide significant antibacterial efficiency against both tested bacteria and minimum of 90% bacterial reduction was observed. Using olive tree leaves without any mordants also demonstrated antibacterial efficiency and better bacterial reductions were observed for both bacterial species in dyeings at 80°C. The reason of antibacterial efficiency caused by the olive tree leaves were investigated by ICP-MS analysis. Addition to the oleuropein content of the extract, the elements detected by ICP-MS assumed as responsible for the bacterial reduction.

Applications of Nanotechnology for Antibacterial Finishing Textiles: A Review

This survey outlines the impact of nanoparticles and the importance of nanotechnology in textiles materials. It shows a unique move to nanomaterials as another instrument to enhance the properties and addition of multi-functionalities. Human security and prosperity are undermined by organisms causing various irresistible sicknesses bringing about a substantial number of deaths every year. Currently, nanotechnology is considered the most interesting technology for smart textile commercial applications; since it allows the permanent and effective functionalization of substrate without affecting their macrosacle properties, such as breathability and comfortability. Nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents have got extensive consideration in both scholarly and mechanical researchers due to their biological activity. Beside this, polymeric covered nanoparticles based materials have increased much consideration because of progression in polymer science and innovation. This survey article likewise addresses the production and distribution of nanoparticles for biomedical textile applications.

TEXTILE FINISHING WITH CHITOSAN AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST Escherichia coli ATCC 8739

The finishing process with the antibacterial agents that protect the environment and human health is gaining importance. This study aims 1) to develop new generation antibacterial finishes using chitosan as a binder for nano-Ag coatings, 2) to determine the applicability of chitosan from shrimp and crayfish for textile production and 3) to contribute to environmentally friendly textile production. Chitosan from shrimp and crayfish wastes were used as adhesive in the binding of nanoparticles to fabric surfaces. The bonding properties of the nano-Ag particles on the fabric surfaces were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The antibacterial effectiveness of fabrics against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 were tested according to JIS L 1902-2015 standard. The crayfish and shrimp chitosan formed a colorless film and coated the nano-Ag particles homogeneously on the cotton fabric. Antibacterial activity values were calculated as 3.10 and 5.74 for crayfish and shrimp chitosan coated cotton fabrics and as 5.37 and 5.10 for crayfish and shrimp chitosan+nano Ag coated cotton fabrics, respectively. Chitosan nano-Ag coating which exhibited a good antibacterial activity (99.99% reduction) against E. coli ATCC 8739 can be used in the manufacture of garments such as medical textiles, baby clothes, and underwear. The use of chitosan as a binder can reduce the use of chemicals in textile printing and pigment dying in finishing materials, pollutant discharges and emissions from industrial sources. Also, it presents innovative solutions for the protection of human and environmental health.

Investigating the usage of eucalyptus leaves in antibacterial finishing of textiles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

Recently, people are sensitive about healthy living and preferring healthy products in all areas including the textile goods. So it is thought that antibacterial textile products will be in demand in this context. For this aim different chemicals can be consumed in the textile industry. But different studies on the use of some different industrial crops have exhibited exciting results. In this study, beyond the known industrial crops and herbal wastes, dried and ground eucalyptus leaves were extracted and used in finishing of wool to color and gain an antibacterial activity. In the finishing process, the liquor ratio was chosen as 1:40 and experiments were carried out with and without mordants. After finishing processes, the samples were evaluated in terms of obtained colors (CIE L*a*b* values) and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Meanwhile, FT-IR and ICP-MS analysis, color fastness, and SEM images of the finished samples were also examined. As a result of these processes, it has been determined that wool fibers can gain antibacterial activities by using eucalyptus leaves and can be colored with this herbal waste. By the addition of mordants, the colors have differed and fabrics gained antibacterial activity against E. coli as well.

Antibacterial Finishing of Vat Dyed Cotton Fabrics with a Reactive N-Halamine

To obtain antibacterial properties for colored cotton fabrics, vat dyes were chosen to dye cotton because they can avoid serious discoloration during chlorination. In this study, we synthesized a reactive N-halamine precursor, 4-(4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol)-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazinylamino)-benzenesulfonate (BTMPT), and coated it on colored cotton fabrics that were dyed with three different vat dyes. The optimum pH for chlorination of the treated cotton fabrics was investigated. Chlorination at pH 11 achieved a small color difference and greater than 0.2% of active chlorine loading. When challenged, the chlorinated fabrics inactivated all inoculated Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) within 5 min. The treated cotton fabric had greater breaking strength than those treated with the traditional process, as well as good washing stability.

Antibacterial Finishing of Cotton Textiles with Extract of Citrus Fruit Peels

Fashion Technology & Textile Engineering introduces pioneering technologies, and improved understanding of textile materials, processes, chemistry and systems. It will encourage interdisciplinary research which will share newly developed technology, theory and techniques in the fashion and textile

PERFORMANCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALOE VERA MICROCAPSULES ON SILK/LYOCELL BLENDED FABRIC

In this study, silk and lyocell fibers are blended in the ratio of 50:50 and used in warp and weft directions for the construction of a plain weave fabric. Aloe vera based microcapsules have been used to impart antibacterial finish and its performance on silk/lyocell blended fabrics have been assessed by scanning electron microscope, electron dispersive x-ray, fourier transform infrared spectrum, agar diffusion test, bacterial reduction test, and durability against washing. SEM analysis shows that the aloe vera capsules are impregnated in the fabric. EDX also proved the presence of aloe vera in the fabric by showing the presence of chemicals like Mg, Ca, K, Al and Fe which are not present in the untreated fabric. FTIR spectra of aloe vera treated samples showed an ether group, an alcohol secondary group, an aromatic group and a nitro group which shows the probable chromophoric groups likely to be present in the leaf, gel and root of aloe vera. The results of agar diffusion test clearly showed that aloe vera treated S/L 50:50 blended fabrics have very good antibacterial properties and do not allow the growth of bacteria under the treated fabric. The zone of inhibition was found to be very good and ranged from 28 mm to 30 mm. Bacterial reduction test showed the percentage reduction values of both the microorganisms S. aureus and E. coli to be more than 97%. The wash durability of aloe vera treated fabrics lasted up to 25 washes.

A Review on the Investigation of Biologically Active Natural Compounds on Cotton Fabrics as an Antibacterial Textile Finishing

The scientific studies have considered the propolis, beewax and Chitosan as antibacterial agents for 100% cotton fabrics in recent years as an emulsion to functionalize cotton textile materials. But yet no more research had done on these natural compounds. Chitosan has a long historical background of being used as an antibacterial agent in different fields. The concentration, Molecular Weight, and Degree of Deacylation of chitosan and the bacterial strain are the main factors that affect the antibacterial behavior of chitosan. The used of chitosan as an antibacterial finish along with a durable press finishing agent on 100% cotton fabrics was found that antibacterial activity remained to a level of 80% after 10 repeated launders. The presence of the biologically active natural compounds on the cotton substrates modified the surface of the textile fibers. The treatment also improved fabric comfort properties, the cotton substrates became less air permissive and more hygroscopic after the treatment. The research found that the treated cotton fabric showed higher reduction (97%) in the number of colonies of S. aureus bacteria compared to the number of colonies on a 55/45% wood pulp/polyester spun-laced nonwoven fabric.The antibacterial performance of the functionalized cotton fabrics treated with those biologically active natural compounds has the potentials to be used in medical fields[1]. Furthermore, the used of microcapsules of honey as core and chitosan as a shield on the medical gauzes showed good performance in the wound healing. These treated medical gauzes have the healing and antimicrobial behaviors of honey and chitozan and that study had proved the usage of honey and Chitosan as an antibacterial in treating medical gauzes for the human diabetes [2]. Up to date none of the natural compounds have been reported to have negative side effects on the human skin when used as antibacterial clothing.

Use of Viburnum Opulus L.(Caprifoliaceae) in Dyeing and Antibacterial Finishing of Cotton

ABSTRACT It is known that use of chemicals can cause different problems to human health and environment. Therefore, studies to find alternative chemical free finishing processes in textile are now interesting topics. In the light of this, it was tried to minimize chemical uses for antibacterial finishing of cotton by using plant sources “cranberry fruit” and “cranberry fruit branch extract” in dyeing processes. The dyeing experiments were carried out at two different temperatures for different durations. Then, the samples were analyzed in terms of K/S, CIE L*a*b*C* and h° values, light fastness, washing fastness, and antibacterial efficiencies. Consequently, it was found that the two natural dye sources could color the cotton-knitted fabrics, and in general, the washing fastness of dyed samples with both natural dye sources was good, but light fastness values were limited and in dyeing processes by using cranberry fruit branch extract it was poor. Moreover, it was seen that among the tested plantal sources, good antibacterial efficiency against the tested bacteria were obtained with the use of cranberry fruit juice in dyeing processes at low temperature and for lower durations.

Molecular characterisation and antibacterial activity of Aloe barbadensis miller on textiles

Aloe barbadensis miller is a naturally occurring biomolecule. This study has been undertaken to apply Aloe barbadensis miller solution on woven cotton textiles for antibacterial finish. With a view to understand the effect of various functional groups present in Aloe barbadensis miller, molecular characterisation was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Chemical groups responsible for antibacterial behaviour of Aloe barbadensis miller were evaluated. Characterisation of the chemical structure of this biomolecule was done through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Whiteness index of the treated cotton textiles decreases with increase in concentration of Aloe barbadensis miller. A larger zone of inhibition in Aloe barbadensis miller treated fabrics reveal that the antibacterial effect is more potent against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria at different levels of concentration. Cotton fabrics also generate fragrance after treatment with Aloe barbadensis miller solution. Fragrance intensity ratings of 200 respondents have been recorded and analysed.

Chitosan/Disperse Dye Nanoparticles for Concomitant Printing and Antibacterial Finishing

Innovation concerned with hybridization of nanosiezed chitosan with nanoparticles of a disperse dye under the onset of sonication was studied. Three techniques were outlined describing the nanoparticles preparations of chitosan, disperse dye and chitosan /disperse dye nanoparticles. Thus obtained hybrid nano colorant auxiliary was found to possess different hydrophobic/hydrophilic characteristics as well as variable color intensity depending upon the ratio of the disperse dye in the chitosan/dye mix. When applied to textile fabrics (flax, polyester, and polyester/flax blend) as per the pigment printing technique, the nano colorant hybrid display multifunction antibacterial activity and coloration ability. The prepared nanoparticles of chitosan/ disperse dye were characterized using TEM and XRD. The coloured hybrid was applied in textile printing using silk screen technique. The printed samples were evaluated by measuring colour strength, fastness properties, means of print fixation and antibacterial activity.

Water-Related Comfort Properties of Silver-Modified Polyamide Fabrics Treated With Wicking and Antibacterial Finishes

The performance of the active sportswear is mostly related to wetting, wicking, and permeability properties of the fabrics. Antibacterial efficacy of the garments has an important place on the wearer performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of wicking and antibacterial finishing treatments on water-related comfort properties of seamless garments made from silver-modified polyamide and conventional polyamide fibers. The results showed that silver-modified polyamide fiber performed better at longitudinal wicking height and transfer wicking ratios. Application of antibacterial and wicking finishing treatments reduced the drying rate and water vapor permeability whereas transfer wicking and wicking height values increased. By Lycra incorporation, height of water wicked was much higher while transfer wicking, drying rate, and water vapor permeability were affected negatively. Finally, SWT fabric was found the best, while PWN performed the worst according to the hybrid AHP-TOPSIS method.

A STUDY ON ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY OF HERBAL-BIOPOLYMER NANOENCAPSULATE TREATED FABRIC

The present study deals with the eco friendly antibacterial finish that has been integrated into bamboo/cotton woven treated fabric in the form of nanocapsules using ethanolic terminalia chebula, Rosmarinus officinalis and Opuntia littoralis (2:1:2) ratio and Chitosan biopolymer extracts by exhaust method in order to reduce the bacterial growth on the fabric. This herbals-biopolymer extract was evaluated for activity against medically challenging bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The in-vitro antibacteria were performed by AATCC 147 for the treated nanoencapsule coated sample. Then the coated sample was analyzed for morphology using FTIR, FESEM and Cytotoxicity test. Thus the study supports the concept of nano encapsulation providing better additional properties to bamboo/cotton fabric and the application of nanotechnology is one of the supreme ways for humanizing the antibacterial activity.

Synthesis of novel dyes based on thiophene analogues with antibacterial activity for dyeing polyester fabrics

PurposeThis study aims to the synthesis of some novel 4-arylazo-3-hydroxythiophene analogues containing sulphapyridine and sulphathiazole dyestuffs and studying their application in dyeing polyester fabrics and rendering their antibacterial efficacy.Design/methodology/approachSimultaneous dyeing and antibacterial finishing for polyester fabric using a new antibacterial disperse dye having a modified chemical structure to thiophene dyes were studied. Construction of the thiophene dyes was carried out by diazo-coupling of diazotized sulphonamide-containing heterocyclic rings sulphapyridine and sulphathiazole with ethyl α-phenylthiocarbamoyl-acetoacetate followed by cyclizing the produced 2-arylazo-thioacetanilide with various α-halogenated reagents. All newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and extensive study of their spectral data (IR and 1H-NMR). The dyeing characteristics of these thiophene dyestuffs were evaluated at optimum conditions. Antibacterial activities of the obtained thiophene dyes were studied against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.FindingsThe synthesized thiophene-containing sulphonamides dyes were applied on polyester fabric. The modified dyes exhibited a good fastness properties and antibacterial efficacy against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Synthesized dyes showed higher antibacterial potency than the reference standard drug.Research limitations/implicationsSynthesis of these disperse azo dyes for textile dyeing had never been reported previously.Practical implicationsThe dyestuffs derived from thiophene are reasonable azo disperse dyestuffs giving good all-round fastness properties on polyester fabrics.Originality/valueThiophene dyes are used for dyeing polyester fabrics with brilliant colour and good fastness properties. The presence of sulphonamides moieties increase their fastness properties and elevate their antibacterial properties. Moreover, they can be used as antimicrobial finish due to their bactericidal properties on dyed textiles. This work afforded a new thiophene colorant that can be used in many different uses like polyester packing, thread Surgery, blends and other uses in medical textile.

Synergistic effects of chemical finishing processes on comfort characteristics of micro-modal and lyocell knitted fabrics

AbstractCurrently besides the hand, color, structure and construction, the comfort characteristics of fabrics have become remarkable issues especially for intimate wear. Therefore, in this study, the synergistic effects of the antibacterial and wicking finishing processes on the comfort characteristics of the seamless knitted fabrics made of regenerated fibers, i. e. micro-modal and lyocell, were investigated and the effects of the lycra incorporation on the fabric structure was also explored. For the evaluation of the comfort properties, the seamless fabric samples were investigated in terms of vertical wicking capacity, transfer wicking, water vapor permeability and drying rate with the relevant textile material test methods. The statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained from the experimental work using Minitab and SPSS package programs. The incorporation of lycra into the fabric structure was found to reduce the vertical wicking capacity, transfer wicking and water vapor permeability of the fabric samples, mainly owing to the alterations it caused in the structure of the fabric by decreasing the porosity, affecting the pore distribution thoroughly and increasing fabric thickness and stitch density. Moreover, the lower wicking ability and water vapor permeability were determined as the factors of the decrease in the drying rates of the lycra incorporated fabric samples. The application of finishing treatments was shown to increase the vertical wicking capacity due to the capillary effect that might have been caused by the cracks and damages that were likely to occur on the surface of the cellulosic fibers during the wicking and antibacterial finishing treatments, whereas they were shown to decrease both the water vapor permeability and drying rate due to the reduction in the interfiber gaps caused by the coated surface of the fibers and the yarns, and the fiber-like structures on the fiber surface. On the other hand, according to the findings, the fiber type was found to have no significant effect on the vertical wicking capacity, transfer wicking, water vapor permeability and drying rate of the fabric samples. Finally, to select the best fabric alternative for the intimate wear, the hybrid AHP-TOPSIS approach was utilized.

Spinning of Photocatalytic Fiber as Splittable Segmented-Pie Bi-Component Fibers for Antibacterial Textiles.

The increase of public concern regarding hygienic living environments has accelerated research on anti-microbial modifications for many commodity and technical textile products. This study attempted to produce a durable self-cleaning and antibacterial textile material with a relatively low production cost using inorganic photocatalytic nanoparticles embedded in the textile fibers. The spinning of segmented-pie bi-component fibers was conducted using compositions of polyethylene and nylon 6 with 1.0% of TiO₂ as photocatalytic particulate filler. A lab-scale double-extrusion fiber spinning system was used to spin the filament fibers with differing winding speeds of 300 m/min, 500 m/m, and 700 m/m. The extruded round fibers were split into minuscule pie-shaped filaments, which significantly increased their photocatalytic surface areas. The compositions and morphologies of the split filaments and the TiO₂ particles in the filaments were characterized by optical microscopic images. Scanning electron microscopic images were used to investigate particles secured on the filament surfaces. The antibacterial effects of the fibers were assessed using a modified method based on the standard method, AATCC100: Assessment of Antibacterial Finishes on Textile Materials, by adding a visible light source above the test samples. The filament samples were tested with the two test organisms of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The numbers of bacteria present were determined, and the percent reduction for the specimens with fibers embedded with TiO₂ and that with fibers without TiO₂ were calculated. The segmented-pie bi-component fiber with 1.0% TiO₂ showed enhanced bioactivity against both species of tested bacteria.

Investigating the effects of wicking and antibacterial finishing treatments on some comfort characteristics of Meryl skinlife for seamless activewear/sportswear

Antibacterial efficacy and wearing comfort have recently become particular concerns in the activewear and sportswear market for consumers. Meryl skinlife, which is an antibacterial polyamide fiber due to the silver particles in its content, has been increasingly used in the textile industry, and it is mostly preferred for seamless garments that are especially used for activewear and sportswear. From this point of view, in this study fabrics made of Meryl skinlife fibers were investigated in terms of some water-related comfort properties by comparing their performance with that of their counterparts made of conventional polyamide fibers. Also, the effects of Lycra incorporation into the fabric structure and fiber type as well as antibacterial finishing treatments were examined on the wicking ability and comfort performance of the fabric samples. The vertical wicking capacity, transfer wicking, drying rate, and water vapor permeability tests were conducted on the fabric samples and the results of these tests were statistically analyzed using the Minitab and SPSS statistical package programs. The results showed that Lycra incorporation into the fabric structure was found to be the dominant factor for all of the investigated water-related comfort tests except for transfer wicking, while application of the finishing treatments was found to be the dominant factor for all of the investigated comfort-related tests. However, the fiber type was found influential on none of the comfort-related tests conducted in this study. Finally, the hybrid analytic hierarchy process-TOPSIS method was used to determine the best fabric alternative for activewear and sportswear, and it was found that SLN fabrics were the best choice.

Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Cytotoxicity Activity of a New Acridine Hyperbranched Polymer in Solution and on Cotton Fabric

For the first time a fluorescent hyperbranched polymer modified with acridine (P1000-Acrid) was tested in vitro for antimicrobial activity against different model pathogens. The results showed strong activity of the compound against the used Gram-positive and Gram negative bacteria and yeasts. Cytotoxicity effect of P1000-Acrid has been studied towards HEp-2 cell line. The antibacterial finishing of cotton fabric treated with the P1000-Acrid was evaluated towards Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria. It has been shown that the studied P1000-Acrid polymer reduces bacterial growth and prevents the formation of biofilm. The obtained results indicate that the studied P1000-Acrid hyperbranched polymer possess good antimicrobial potential with the greatest effectiveness against the used Gram-positive strains.