Antibacterial Activity Of Methanol Extracts Research Articles

Screening of anti‐ Vibrio activity of marine fungal methanolic fractions to control vibriosis in white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei )

This study aims to screen and evaluate the antibacterial activity of methanolic extract from marine fungi against pathogenic vibrios. The resazurin-based assay was optimized for high-throughput screening of anti-Vibrio agents. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations of the test antibiotics ciprofloxacin and erythromycin against three pathogenic Vibrio strains revealed that the optimized assay can accurately measure antibacterial activity. A total of 1516 methanolic fractions of ethyl acetate extracts from 32 marine fungi were screened by the optimized assay, and four fractions were identified to have significantly inhibitory effect on all three test Vibrio strains. Among these, fraction Z16-17 derived from Schizophyllum commune MCCCZ16 showing strong anti-Vibrio activities and nontoxicity was evaluated for efficacy against experimental Vibrio vulnificus infection in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Shrimp fed with fraction Z16-17 supplemented diet at 50, 100 and 200 μg/g for seven days showed notably higher survival rate than the control group fed with unsupplemented diet. Results suggested that the resazurin-based assay can be a reliable method to screen large chemical or natural product libraries for anti-Vibrio activity, and fraction Z16-17 has a good potential to reduce the negative impact of pathogenic vibrios in shrimp aquaculture.

Antibacterial Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Different Seaweeds from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey

Antibacterial activities of the methanolic extracts of Stypopodium schimperi (Kützing) Verlaque and Boudouresque, Halopteris filicina (Grateloup) Kützing, Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) J.V.Lamouroux, Gracilaria bursa-pastoris (S.G.Gmelin) P.C.Silva, Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus species from the Iskenderun Bay, Turkey against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium and Proteus vulgaris were evaluated by using the microdilution method. Results of the study showed that all of the extracts had an antimicrobial effect on the tested bacteria. A minimum inhibitor concentration and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the extracts ranged from >125 to <0.39 mg mL-1. Furthermore, this is the first report on antibacterial effects of the methanolic extracts of S. schimperi (Kützing) Verlaque and Boudouresque and G. bursa-pastoris (S.G.Gmelin) P.C.Silva species. The present findings revealed that all studied seaweed species could act as a natural source of bioactive compounds for the treatment of infectious diseases.

Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Extract of Red Dragon Fruit Peel ( Hylocereus polyrhizus) against MethicillinSusceptible Staphylococcus aureus ( MSSA) ATCC 25923 and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) In Vitro

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most virulent Staphylococcus which could cause systemic broad-spectrum infections and developed resistant strains. Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel has a broad antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. Objective: To determine and compare the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of red dragon fruit peel against Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Method: Well diffusion test method was performed on 5 concentrations: 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0%, dissolved in DMSO 10% where at a concentration of 100% contains 1g/mL extract. The inhibition zone elicited as clear zone around the well then measured and analyzed with SPSS using One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD, to determine the significance of each concentration. Results: The mean diameter of the inhibition zone observed towards Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureuswas 9.5333 ± 0.26822 - 15.4167 ± 0.22048, while bigger zone was found in Mueller-Hinton plate with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus which is 12.30 ± 0.20817 - 17.80 ± 0.25166 mm. Conclusion: This study showed that methanol extract of red dragon fruit peel has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, and shows higher antibacterial activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus than MethicillinSusceptible Staphylococcus aureus.

Antibacterial Activities of Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume) Fruit Extracts Against Clinical Isolates of Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae

Medinilla speciosa (M. speciosa) Blume is a plant originating from Mount Muria, Kudus District, Central Java, Indonesia. Its fruit has been used by the local community to treat mouth sores, diarrhea, inflammatory, hyperlipidemia, cancer, bacterial infection and nutrients for pregnant women. However, the antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and Shigella dysentriae (S. dysentriae) is yet unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activities of M. speciosa fruit extracts against clinical strain of S. typhi and S. dysentriae. Plant determination and sample preparation were conducted. The fruits of M. speciosa were extracted by gradual maseration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol as solvents. Phytochemicals were screened by Fransworth method. Antibacterial activity was determined using agar well diffusion. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values and comparison study of antibacterial activity were determined. The results showed that all of the extracts exhibited antibacterial activities, with the greatest activity shown by the methanol extract. This extract was more effective against S. dysenteriae than S. typhi, as evidenced by the largest inhibition diameter and lowest MIC (25 mg/mL) and MBC (50 mg/mL) values. With regard to the results of phytochemical screening, the antibacterial activity of methanol extract could be due to the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, quinones, saponins and tannins. From the comparative antibacterial activity value indicated that in order to give the same inhibition diameter with 1 ppm of chloramphenicol, 312.3 ppm methanol extract is needed. It can be conclude that M. speciosa fruit has a potential to be developed as natural antibacterial agent, especially to treat bacillary dysentery

Quantitative Analysis of Rutin by HPTLC and In Vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Phenolic-Rich Extracts from Verbesina sphaerocephala.

Verbesina sphaerocephala A. Gray, like other wild plants of the genus Verbesina, has been used in herbal medicine. There is information for other species of the genus related to their phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and isolation of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity. However, there are no reports for V. sphaerocephala, although it has an important presence in the state of Michoacán, México. In this study, the phenolic composition, quantification of rutin, and in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts from V. sphaerocephala leaves and flowers were determined. The results showed that all the investigated extracts have high phenolic and flavonoid contents. The flavonoid rutin was identified in all the extracts from V. sphaerocephala by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The V. sphaerocephala extracts showed scavenging activity against DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals (IC50 and 5.83 ± 0.50 and 0.93 ± 0.01 mg/mL, respectively) as well as relevant antioxidant capacity (51.05 ± 0.36 mg of ascorbic acid/g of dry tissue). The experimental results show that V. sphaerocephala extracts possessed a strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research indicates that V. sphaerocephala could be considered as a potential source of natural compounds from the point of ethnopharmacological usage.

Evaluation of the anti-bacterial activity of methanolic extract of Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck [Beijerinck] with special reference to antioxidant modulation

BackgroundThe natural antioxidants from Chlorella have potent therapeutic implication in several diseases. However, the anti-bacterial activity and their molecular mode of action have not been investigated yet. The present study focussed on the assessment of antioxidant potential as well as free radical scavenging activity such as DPPH, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion radical assay of Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck [Beijerinck] (BUACC25) isolated from marine habitat. Furthermore, the anti-bacterial activity and their molecular mode of action have been evaluated.ResultsIn the present study, the preliminary phytochemical screening of methanolic algal extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, proteins, terpenoids, saponins, coumarin, phenols, and tannins, which was confirmed by in an UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopy, indicated the distinct spectral peaks. The methanolic algal extract was found to be rich in phenolic content (45 ± 0.06 mg GAE g−1) and flavonoid content (470 ± 0.25 mg of RUE g−1). Furthermore, the methanolic extract was revealed potent antioxidant scavenging activity to scavenge various free radicals with minimum IC50 values of DPPH, hydroxyl, H2O2, superoxide 2.82 ± 0.30, 2.30 ± 0.25, 3.24 ± 0.32, and 3.15 ± 0.02 μg ml−1 respectively. Furthermore, the methanolic extract of C. vulgaris exhibited potent anti-bacterial activity which was evident with the reduction in cfu × 107/ml and % of cell viability. Mechanistically, reduction of SOD, CAT, and GSH activity provoked ROS-mediated cell death after drug treatment. Moreover, in combination with norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, methanolic extract of C. vulgaris demonstrated enhanced anti-bacterial activity with an evident reduction in cfu/ml and % of cell viability.ConclusionThis study advocates that C. vulgaris (BUACC25) has promising antioxidant activity owing to the presence of phenolic and flavonoids evidenced by scavenging of DPPH, hydroxyl, H2O2, and superoxide radicals. In addition to this, it sustained anti-microbial activity against E. coli through modulation of SOD, CAT, and GSH. This study carved a path for uncovering a better therapeutic agent against disease-causing bacterial pathogens.

Antibacterial activity of methanol extracts of the leaves of\xa0three medicinal plants against selected bacteria isolated from wounds of lymphoedema patients

BackgroundPatients with lymphoedema are at high risk of getting bacterial and fungal wound infections leading to acute inflammatory episodes associated with cellulitis and erysipelas. In Ethiopia, wound infections are traditionally treated with medicinal plants.MethodsAgar well diffusion and colorimetric microdilution methods were used to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extracts of the three medicinal plants against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shewanella alage, methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC®43300TM, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC700603, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC37853.ResultsThe methanol extract of L. inermis leaves showed high activity against all tested bacterial species, which was comparable to the standard drugs. Similarly, the extracts of A. indica showed activity against all tested species though at higher concentrations, and higher activity was recorded against Streptococcus pyogenes isolates at all concentrations. However, the extract of A. aspera showed the lowest activity against all tested species except Streptococcus pyogenes isolates. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was recorded with the extract of L. inermis against E. coli isolate and S. aureus ATCC 25923.ConclusionMethanol extracts of L. inermis, A. indica, and A. aspera leaves exhibited antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial isolates involved in wound infections, of which the methanol extracts of L. inermis exhibited the highest activity. The results of the present study support the traditional use of plants against microbial infections, which could potentially be exploited for the treatment of wound infections associated with lymphoedema.

Synergistic In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Pomegranate Peel and Black Seed

The disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods were used to investigate the synergistic in vitro antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of pomegranate peel and black seed. Extracts of pomegranate peel and black seed were produced in methanol for this objective and evaluated in vitro against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strains. The results were then compared to the standard drug gentamycin (50 μg). The synergistic in vitro antibacterial activity of pomegranate peel and black seed methanolic extracts revealed varying levels of antimicrobial activity against all test microorganisms.

Antibacterial Activity Of Methanol Extract Of Meranti Sarang Punai Cortex (Shorea parvifolia Dyer) Against Staphylococcus aureus And Propionibacterium acnes

Shorea parvifolia Dyer (meranti sarang punai) is one of a woody plant in Indonesia which distributed across Sumatra and Kalimantan. Cortex of meranti sarang punai is known contains the secondary metabolite such as saponin, flavonoid, and tannin which can act as an antibacterial agent. The research was aims to know the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of meranti sarang punai against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium bacteria. Maceration was chosen as the extraction methods with methanol as a solvent. The antibacterial test was done by disc diffusion method in Nutrient Agar (NA) media with concentrations 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%; while the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was done by solid dilution method with concentrations 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, and 1%. The results showed that the methanol extract of meranti sarang punai has antibacterial activity against the S. aureus with Inhibitory Zone (IZ) at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% respectively 16,68; 17,27; 18,41; 19,4; 20,57; and 21,46 mm, while against P. acnes was 12,61; 13,65; 14,57; 15,53; 16,58; and 17,46 mm. The MIC of methanol extracts of meranti sarang punai against the two bacteria was at concentration 2%.

Investigation on the antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of purun tikus root (Eleocharis dulcis)

One of the vegetations growing in tidal swampland and lebak is purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) which belongs to the Cyperaceae family. This research studied the antibacterial activity of methanol extract from purun tikus root on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 bacteria. The chemical compounds of purun tikus root were extracted using the maceration method with methanol solvent, followed by thickening the filtrate using a rotary evaporator. The results of phytochemical screening showed that purun tikus root contains phenolic, tannin, flavonoid, and terpenoid compounds. The result showed that this extract has the activity to inhibit the growth of S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 bacteria at a concentration of 2500 µg/ml and 3000 µg/ml, respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of the methanol extract from purun tikus (E. dulcis) root for both S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 bacteria was 6,25 µg/ml. Based on the linear regression calculation, S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 inhibited at a concentration of 0.96 !g/ml and 1µg/ml, respectively. The GC-MS spectrum showed that methanol extract of purun tikus contained compounds of the furfural group, namely furfural, 5-methyl furfural, and furfuryl alcohol.

GC-MS Profiling, Invitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of a Novel Polyherbal Formulation

In the present study the methanol extract of a novel polyherbal formulation (PHF) was studied for alpha (α)- amylase and alpha (α)-glucosidase inhibition using an in vitro antidiabetic model. The polyherbal extract were also examined for its antioxidant activity by using free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging method. The study revealed that the polyherbal formulation exhibit potent radical scavenging activity using DPPH as substrate. The methanol extract exhibited significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with an IC50 value 31.52±0.74µg and 53.13±0.97µg respectively and well compared with standard acarbose drug. Further, antibacterial activity of methanol extract of PHF valuated against standard strains, the tested extract showed more potent inhibitory effects on both Gram (+) bacteria and Gram (-) bacteria. Thus, it could be concluded that due the presence of antioxidant components the plant extract have well prospective for the management of diabetes and the related condition of oxidative stress. This knowledge will be useful in finding more potent antidiabetic principle from the natural resources for the clinical development of antidiabetic therapeutics.

Antimicrobial Activity of Juglans regia Root Bark Extracts

Background: Juglans regia tree is widely found in several parts of India, Europe and Central Asia. Different parts of J. regia are rich sources of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, amino acids, and terpenoids. J. regiais has antiasthmatic, anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, osteoblastic, and wound healing activities. The bark and roots are used against tooth decay and ringworm infection. Purpose: In the present study we evaluated antibacterial and antifungal activities of J. regia root bark. Methods: Extracts of root bark of J. regia were prepared using methanol, water, and petroleum ether. Methanolic and aqueous extracts in concentrations 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml were tested against three Gram negative bacterial strains (S. typhi, P. vulgaris, and E. coli), one Gram positive strain (S. aureus) and fungi (S. cerevisiae, P. chrysogenum, and A. fumigatus). Results: The extracts effectively inhibited growth of cultured microorganisms. Methanolic extracts showed maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) for all the microorganisms ranging from 12.8 – 17.0 mm. Aqueous extract disclosed maximum effectiveness against S. typhi. Conclusions: Quantification of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) revealed potent antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts (200 mg/ml) of J. regia root bark.

Anti-bacterial activity of methanolic extracts of the aerial parts of Inulaviscosa l., from Guelma (Algeria)

The objective assigned to the present study isthe evaluation of the antibacterialactivity of the methanolic extracts of the aerial parts of Inulaviscosa L. The antibacterial activity of the extracts is carried out by the diffusion method on agar medium vis-a-vis twenty three bacterial strains, chosen according to the traditional use of this species in Algeria: Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli (ATCC22), Escherichia coli (BLSE), Escherichia coli (ciproR), Escherichia coli (mcr1), Klebsiellapneumoniae (C+), Klebsiellapneumoniae (C-), Klebsiellapneumoniae Nassey Marseille, Serratiasp, Salmonella sp, Pseudomonasaeruginosa (ATCC53), Pseudomonas sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (VIM21), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (VIM22), Acinetobacter (NDM1), Acinetobacter (OXA23), Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus (23), Staphylococcus aureus (13), Enterobacter cloacae (FOSR1), Enterobacter cloacae (FOSR2), Enterococcus faecalis (Vanc R), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC12). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC53) was the most sensitive species followed by Pseudomonas sp . significant sensitivity was observed for the Klebsiellapneumoniae isolated in Marseille. However, Staphylococcus aureus was the most resistant to the extracts tested.

Antibacterial activity and HPLC analysis of extracts from Mediterranean brown algae

The antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of eight Mediterranean brown algae belonging to the genera Cystoseira sensu lato, Dictyopteris and Padina was investigated. Extracts from Sargassaceae showed antibacterial activity. Specifically, Carpodesmia crinita and Carpodesmia brachycarpa extracts inhibited the growth of the Gram-positive strain Kocuria rhizophila whereas Cystoseira compressa and Carpodesmia amentacea extracts showed antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive strains, Kocuria rhizophila and Staphylococcus aureus. None of them inhibited the growth of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. The extracts of Cystoseira sp. pl. and Treptacantha ballesterosii did not show any antibacterial activity. HPLC-MS analysis of the extracts allowed identification of polar compounds. Taxa of the genus Cystoseira sensu lato showed a higher number of compounds than Dictyopteris polypodioides and Padina pavonica. Some differences found among and within taxa can be attributed to the different depths where these algae live, to thallus morphology and herbivore pressure. Particularly interesting were the phenol compounds, which showed differences among the genera but also within the genus Cystoseira sensu lato. Noteworthy, the almost exclusive presence of the fukiik acid isomer and of bromo-phloroglucinol in Carpodesmia amentacea, and the presence of exifone, able to bind iron metal ions, in Carpodesmia amentacea, Cystoseira compressa and Treptacantha ballesterosii.

Synergistic Effect of Different Plant Extracts and Antibiotics on Some Pathogenic Bacteria

In this study, the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of henna (Lawsonia inermis) leaves, ethanol extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel, volatile oil of sesame (Sesamum indicum) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) were investigated against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria includingStaphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter sp. Henna extract was most effective substrate against all tested bacteria followed by pomegranate and peanut while sesame was less effective. All extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity in combination with commonly used antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin and erythromycin to evaluate synergistic effects using Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) method which determined by microbroth dilution assays. Different interactions (synergistic and indifference) were observed between plant extracts and used antibiotics. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index ranged from 0.01 to 1.25 for B. cereus, 0.5 to 1 for P. aeruginosa, 0.01 to 0.3 for S. aureus and 0.06 to 0.25 for A. baumannii. The best synergistic capacity appeared between erythromycin and sesame. In vitro interaction between antimicrobial agents in combination with tested plant extracts showed synergistic effects. The MICs of each antibiotic was decreased to half when it is used in combination with tested plant extracts. This decreasing in MICs was observed in all plant extracts against tested bacteria as well as the extracts exhibited weak antibacterial activity alone.

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of methanolic extract from Echinops robustus on typical food-borne pathogens

This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of methanolic extract from Echinops robustus on typical food-borne pathogens. Chemical composition of the extract analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed 54 compounds in which Butanal (2.222%), 4-Heptanone (1.717%) and Palmitic acid (4.799%) were the major constituents. The agar disk diffusion method was used to study the antibacterial activity of Echinops robustus methanolic extract against 5 bacterial strains. The extract of Echinops robustus showed moderate antibacterial activity against two gram-positive and three gram negative microorganisms tested with higher sensitivity for gram positive ones (Clear zone= 10mm for Bacillus cereus and 12mm for Staphylococcus aureus). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were quantified by micro-dilution method. The MIC was 25 mg/ml for Bacillus cereus and 58 mg/ml for Escherichia coli and the MBC values were 400 and >400 mg/ml respectively for the mentioned species. Overall, results presented here suggest that the methanolic extract of Echinops robustus possesses antibacterial properties, and is, therefore, a potential source of active ingredients for food and pharmaceutical industry.

Screening of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of Ipomoea aquatica leaf and stem against bacteria causes skin infection

Screening of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of Ipomoea aquatica leaf and stem against bacteria causes skin infection

Efecto antibacteriano del extracto metanólico de Salix babylonica sobre bacterias de importancia en salud pública

The excessive use of antibiotics, has generated resistance of microorganisms to these, have been searched effectives alternatives for treating diseases caused by resistant or multiresistant microorganism, within of these alternatives are plants, which by its content of secondary compounds have antibacterial activity. The aim on the present experiment was characterize and determine the antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of Salix babylonica (SB) against important bacteria in public health. To obtain extract, the maceration technique was used, qualitative and quantitative (gas chromatography) chemical characterization was carried. For antibacterial activity, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was determined, the characterization of the extract allowed the identification of phenolic compounds, coumarins, lactones, flavonols, quinones, saponins, triterpenes and steroidal compounds, also Thymol (0.5319 mg/mL) and Carvacrol (0.4158 mg/mL). The extract showed the best activity against Bacillus. subtilis (MIC: 12.5 mg/mL and WBC: 25 mg/mL), Listeria. monocytogenes and Staphylococcus. aureus (MIC: 25 mg/mL and MBC: 50 mg/mL). It is concluded that the methanolic extract of SB can be an alternative for the treatment of diseases produced by resistant or multiresistant bacteria to antibiotics.

Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of methanol extract of Cochlospermum tinctorium roots and its fractions

Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of methanol extract of Cochlospermum tinctorium roots and its fractions

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN BAWANG BATAK (Allium chinense G. Don) TERHADAP Streptococcus mutans DAN Bacillus cereus SEBAGAI BAKTERI GRAM POSITIF

Batak Onion (Allium chinense G. Don) is one of the species of Allium plant which is used as a flavor enhancer typical for North Sumatran Batak cuisine. In addition, the Batak onion is believed to be a health herbal remedy such as an antibacterial agent. This research aims to determine antibacterial activity of methanol extracts of Batak leeks (Allium Chinense G. Don) on Streptococcus mutans and Bacillus cereus as Positive Gram Bacteria. The method was the agar diffusion method. Methanol extracts of Batak leeks were diluted using Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) with concentration variations (0.88, 1.66 and 2.5)%. DMSO also was used as negative blank. The research model was in Vitro experimental research model.  The results showed that methanol extract of Batak leek had antibacterial activity against S. mutans with inhibition zone diameter (5,10.5,12.7)mm and B. cereus with inhibition zone diameter (10,12.4 , 12.2)mm. The inhibition zone diameter (0) mm for the DMSO as negative blank.