Antibacterial Activity Of Methanol Extracts Research Articles

Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Some Native Medicinal Herbs of North Khorasan Province on Staphylococcus aureus

Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Some Native Medicinal Herbs of North Khorasan Province on Staphylococcus aureus

Identification of Chemical Constituents and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Extract and Fractions of the Leaf of Melanthera scandens (Schum. et Thonn.) Roberty

Background and objectivesThe chemical composition of Melanthera scandens (MS) methanol (MeOH) extract is yet to be fully comprehended. Chemical composition of a plant extract is closely related to the biological activity of the plant material, in phytomedicine. In this study, chemical analyses of MS extracts were carried out with the aim of identifying the organic chemical constituents.

Study of some properties and antibacterial activity of (Alhagi maurorum Medik) collected from the desert of Al – Najaf

In traditional medicine, Alhagi maurorum is one member of medicinal plants which is used for many diseases therapy, that it is used as diuretic and Kidney stones treatments. This study was founded to identify some morphological characters and antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of A. maurorum. The morphological properties studied with macro and microscopical examination while the antibacterial activity by screening with well diffusion method against Bacillus cereus and Proteus mirabilis. The results showed that the plant is shrubby herb with evergreen appearance and its leaves are small obovate shape and the polygonal epidermal cells covered with thick cuticle layer. Stomata are frequently Paracytic type in addition to a few anomocytic type with unicellular covering trichome and prismatic crystals. The plant did not showed antibacterial activity against studied bacteria ( Bacillus cereus and Proteus mirabilis ) with concentrations up to 200 mg / ml.

Screening for Antimicrobial Activities of Metanollic Extracts of Aloe vera and Hyptis suaveolens against Co-infections of Giardia lamblia and Salmonella among Diarrhoeagenic Children

The antimicrobial and Phytochemicals activities of methanol extracts obtained from Aloe vera and Hyptis suaveolens plants were investigated individually and combined in an attempt to evaluate their medicinal potentials and efficacies on protozoan; Giardia lamblia and bacteria; Salmonella species as co-infections causing diarrhoea in under five populations in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols. Antimicrobial activity was determined against Giardia lamblia and Salmonella species; anti-giardial activity, an in-vitro susceptibility assays method was performed and antibacterial activity was carried out by Kirby-Bauer method. The parasites mortality was determined by counting in hemocytometer under a light microscope and the zone of inhibition diameter produced against the bacteria were determined, expressed as mean ±SEM (Standard Error of Mean) and the differences between means were statistically analyzed and compared. The results obtained showed that methanol extracts of Aloe vera and Hyptis suaveolens singly used and in combinations had inhibitory effects on Giardia lamblia and Salmonella species. In all cases, the extractions, plants, concentrations and time were determinant factors for the anti-giardial and antibacterial activity. Anti-giardial activity was best recorded with extracts of Aloe vera which showed anti-giardial activity of (0.002±0.553), and activity was greater in combined Aloe vera and Hyptis suaveolens which showed anti-giardial activity of (0.002±0.679). Also, antibacterial activity of methanol extracts of these plants on Salmonella species, showed higher zone of inhibitions diameter with extracts of Aloe vera (0.895±20.17) and the efficacy becomes higher with the combined Aloe vera and Hyptis suaveolens which zone of inhibitions is (0.423±27.50).

POTENSI BATANG TANAMAN YODIUM (Jatropha multifida Linn) SEBAGAI SENYAWA ANTIBAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 SECARA IN VITRO

The search for bioactive compounds sources it continue to do because of the emergence of pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. Iodine plants(Jatropha multifida Linn) has flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and jatropins. The flavanoid content in iodine plants can inhibit bacterial growth. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium that can cause infections characterized by tissue damage accompanied by purulent abscesses. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of iodine plant stem against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Types of laboratory experimental research. The sample used in the study was iodine plant (Jatropha multifida Linn) extrac concentration used 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%. Using the Kirby bauer diffusion method. The results showed that there was antibacterial activity on iodine stems which showed a clear zone around the cactam disk at concentrations of 40% (10mm) 60% (12 mm), 80% (14mm), 100% (17 mm).

Antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) from various component fractions using column chromatography

Antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) from various component fractions using column chromatography

Antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) from various component fractions using column chromatography

This research work determined the antibacterial activities of various components at different ratios from column fractions of methanolic extract of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), meanwhile column chromatography been the best method of separating component nowadays. The column chromatography was perform using several type of solvent such as non-polar, semi-polar, polar solvent as well as their mixture in deference ratio. The phytochemical screening was carried out on the leaves extract of (Vernonia amygdalina) which revealed the presence of some active ingredients such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, cardiac glycoside and saponin glycosides in the extract, while anthraquinones and volatile oil were not identified. The research conclude that acetone- methanol 50:50 column fraction of methanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina exhibits antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

Pharmacognostical, Preliminary phytochemical screening and Antibacterial activity of methanol Extract of Murraya koenigii

The methanol extract of murraya koenigii (leaf) were investigated for their antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus using cup plate agar diffusion method and methanol extract produces best results. Various investigations like physiochemical standard, preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant was carried out and parameters were reported. The present paper deals with investigation of various phytochemical present in methanol extract and in vitro antibacterial activity against the s.aureus. The literature survey does not exist antibacterial activity of murraya koenigii (leaf) in methanol extract against s.aureus. It is concluded that the plant studied may source of antibacterial plant.

EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECTS OF THE LEAVES OF EMBELIA RIBES

Objective: The purpose of this work is to evaluate the antimicrobial, antibacterial, and hypoglycemic effects of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Embelia ribes leaves using in vitro studies.Methods: Antibacterial activities of the methanolic and ethanolic extract of E. ribes leaves against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae at different concentrations ranging from 10, 25, 50, and 75 μg/mL and their antibacterial activities were compared to those of the reference controls such as ciprofloxacin and clindamycin. Furthermore, the effect of leaf extracts on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes was assayed.Results: The methanolic and ethanolic extract of E. ribes leaves effectively inhibited the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of the methanolic extract was more prominent than that of ethanolic extract. At the same time, both the extracts showed markable inhibition of bacterial growth at a concentration of 75 μg/mL compared to the other three doses (10, 25, and 50 μg/ml) and also commercially available antibiotic drugs ciprofloxacin and clindamycin that were used as positive control drugs. The antibacterial activity of methanolic extract is significantly higher than that of ethanolic extract.Conclusion: The preliminary results of this study have put forward E. ribes into promising herb with respect to its therapeutic potential although further studies are needed to evaluate its mechanism of action.

EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECTS OF THE LEAVES OF EMBELIA RIBES

Objective: The purpose of this work is to evaluate the antimicrobial, antibacterial, and hypoglycemic effects of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Embelia ribes leaves using in vitro studies.Methods: Antibacterial activities of the methanolic and ethanolic extract of E. ribes leaves against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae at different concentrations ranging from 10, 25, 50, and 75 μg/mL and their antibacterial activities were compared to those of the reference controls such as ciprofloxacin and clindamycin. Furthermore, the effect of leaf extracts on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes was assayed.Results: The methanolic and ethanolic extract of E. ribes leaves effectively inhibited the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of the methanolic extract was more prominent than that of ethanolic extract. At the same time, both the extracts showed markable inhibition of bacterial growth at a concentration of 75 μg/mL compared to the other three doses (10, 25, and 50 μg/ml) and also commercially available antibiotic drugs ciprofloxacin and clindamycin that were used as positive control drugs. The antibacterial activity of methanolic extract is significantly higher than that of ethanolic extract.Conclusion: The preliminary results of this study have put forward E. ribes into promising herb with respect to its therapeutic potential although further studies are needed to evaluate its mechanism of action.

Antibacterial and antioxidant strategies for acne treatment through plant extracts

Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin infection affecting the majority of Indian population. There are several internal and external factors responsible for this infection. The present study emphasizes on screening of medicinal plant extracts against acne causing bacteria and antioxidant activity of these plant extracts. Anti-bacterial activities of methanolic extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis, Pelargonium asperum, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Matricaria chamomilla and Calendula officinalis was carried out using agar well diffusion method against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 2079), Kocuria sp. (NCBI: Kocuria KM24375), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 736) and Propionibacterium acnes (ATCC 11827). The results revealed that different plant extracts showed noticeable activity against different test organisms. The plant extracts of R. officinalis, M. Chamomilla and A. nilotica showed significant activity against P. acnes with diameter of 8 mm, 6 mm and 4 mm inhibition zone respectively. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was measured for these three potential plant extracts. The MIC values of extracts of R. officinalis, M. Chamomilla were comparable to standard reference drugs isotretinoin. Since antioxidants also play an important role in the pathophysiology of acne, anti-oxidant activity of plant extracts was also carried out using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method. Ascorbic acid was used as a standard in anti-oxidant activity assay. The extracts of R. officinalis, A. nilotica and A. indica also exhibited moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 109.3, 136.9 and 108 μg/ml, respectively. The outcome of the study suggested that R. officinalis, M. chamomilla and A. nilotica plant extracts could be possible to use as the natural anti-acne formulations.

Phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) extract

Plant phytochemicals have been reported to prolong life by their protections against numerous human health and metabolic conditions. Cashew plant, being a potential source of bioactive compounds, has the ability to ameliorate various lifestyle related diseases. In the present study fruit extracts from Anacardium occidentale L, were analysed for their phytochemical and antibacterial properties. The antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Anacardium occidentale L (cashew apple extract) against Streptococcus pyogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Salmonella typhimurium, Entrococcus faecali and Bacillus cereus were investigated using the agar diffusion method. The result obtained showed that cashew apple extract gave the widest zone of inhibition against one of the five test organisms at the concentration of 1 mg/disk. However, Salmonella typhimurium was more sensitive to the extract. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of total phenolic content (405.54±27.50 mg/g), total flavonoids (2.378±0.38 mg/g), and tannins (33.17±3.96 mg/g) in the cashew apple extract which confirm its inhibitory activities against the test organisms. This therefore, supports the traditional medicinal use of Anacardium occidentale L in the treatment of bacterial infections.

EVALUATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS, ANTIOXIDANT, AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS SAUROPUS ANDROGYNUS L. AND ERYTHRINA VARIEGATA L.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioactive, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of medicinal plants Erythrina variegata L., and Sauropus androgynus L.Methods: Total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin content, total antioxidant capacity, 1, 1diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activity, and reducing power assay of the extracts were determined by spectrophotometric methods.Results: Total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content was more in E. variegata compared to S. androgynus, and the alkaloid, saponin, and carotenoid content was high in S. androgynus. The overall antioxidant activity of S. androgynus was found to be higher than E. variegata. Antibacterial activities of the selected plants were studied against human pathogenic organisms, namely Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: The present study reveals that the selected plants would exert several beneficial effects by virtue of their natural antioxidant activity; further characterization of the phenolic composition is needed and could be harnessed as drug formulation.

Antibacterial Activity of Bohera (Terminaliabellirica) Extract against Dental Carries Causing Bacteria Streptococcus mutans

Dental caries is very common to people of Bangladesh. The treatment of dental carries is very expensive so alternative lowcost option from plant products are important for the rural people. Bohera (Terminaliabellirica) is known to people for its medicinal values. The antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of bohera bark and fruits were tested against dental caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans. It was found that crude extracts of both bark and fruits of bohera have the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. The crude extract was purified with sillica gel (230-300mesh)with gradient elution of methanol, ethanol and chloroform. The purified extract of bohera also showed strong antibacterial activity against dental caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans. The rural people of Bangladesh may use the barks and fruits of bohera to control the dental caries problem locally.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 117-120 2017

In vitro Antibacterial Effect of Medicinal Plants Against Multidrug Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria

Objectives: The aim of this work was to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of herbal plants against the Multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram negative bacteria isolated from clinical samples.
 Methods: Gram negative bacteria isolated from various clinical samples were processed for antibiotic susceptibility test by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and MDR bacteria were selected. Methanol extracts of six different medicinal plants Acorus calamus (bojho), Ocimum sanctum (tulsi), Azadirachta indica (neem), Cinnamomum tamala (tejpatta), Aloe vera and Zanthoxylum alatum (timur), were tested for antibacterial activity against the selected MDR bacteria by agar well diffusion method.
 Results: From clinical samples, 8 different MDR Gram negative bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. with E. coli dominated the number. Out of six medicinal plants extracts, Z. alatum, C. tamala and Ocimum sanctum were found to be effective with zones of inhibition ranging from 9-13 mm. The medicinal plants with antibacterial activity can be an alternative source of medicine against MDR Gram negative bacteria.
 Conclusion: Several herbal plants extracts exhibit antibacterial activity against MDR Gram negative bacteria. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts can vary with type of plant and extraction methods. Thus, for optimal benefit of plant extract, an appropriate extraction method and use of purified product is essential.

Antibacterial and Antibiotic-Potentiating Activities of Thirteen Cameroonian Edible Plants against Gram-Negative Resistant Phenotypes.

This work was designed to investigate the antibacterial activities of methanol extracts from thirteen Cameroonian edible plants and their antibiotic-potentiating effects against Gram-negative multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts, as well as their antibiotic-potentiating activities. The phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out according to the standard methods. The results of phytochemical tests revealed the presence of sterols, polyphenols, and tannins in most of the tested extracts, with the other classes of secondary metabolites being selectively distributed. Tested extracts showed variable antibacterial activities with MIC values ranging from 64 to 1024 μg/mL. However, some extracts were significantly active against certain bacterial strains: seeds extract of Theobroma cacao (64 μg/mL) against Escherichia coli AG100Atet and Klebsiella pneumoniae K24, and the bark extract of Uapaca guineensis against E. coli ATCC 8739. The leaves extract of T. cacao displayed the best MBC values (256 μg/mL) against E. aerogenes EA27. Some tested extracts included extracts from the leaves of T. cacao and P. vulgaris, and the seeds of D. edulis and barks A. indica has selectively improved (2- to 64-fold) the antibacterial activities of some of the tested antibiotics, chloramphenicol (CHL), tetracycline (TET), kanamycin (KAN), streptomycin (STR), and erythromycin (ERY), against more than 70% of tested MDR bacteria. The findings of this work showed that tested plant extracts and particularly those from T. cacao and Phaseolus vulgaris can be used alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics in the treatment of infections involving multiresistant bacteria.

EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECTS OF THE LEAVES OF EMBELIA RIBES

Objective: The purpose of this work is to evaluate the antimicrobial, antibacterial, and hypoglycemic effects of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Embelia ribes leaves using in vitro studies.Methods: Antibacterial activities of the methanolic and ethanolic extract of E. ribes leaves against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae at different concentrations ranging from 10, 25, 50, and 75 μg/mL and their antibacterial activities were compared to those of the reference controls such as ciprofloxacin and clindamycin. Furthermore, the effect of leaf extracts on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes was assayed.Results: The methanolic and ethanolic extract of E. ribes leaves effectively inhibited the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of the methanolic extract was more prominent than that of ethanolic extract. At the same time, both the extracts showed markable inhibition of bacterial growth at a concentration of 75 μg/mL compared to the other three doses (10, 25, and 50 μg/ml) and also commercially available antibiotic drugs ciprofloxacin and clindamycin that were used as positive control drugs. The antibacterial activity of methanolic extract is significantly higher than that of ethanolic extract.Conclusion: The preliminary results of this study have put forward E. ribes into promising herb with respect to its therapeutic potential although further studies are needed to evaluate its mechanism of action.

The effects of seasonal debarking on physical structure, polyphenolic content and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Sclerocarya birrea in the Nylsvley nature reserve

Continuous debarking results in the death of medicinal trees. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of seasonal debarking on the physical structure, polyphenolic content and biological activities of Sclerocarya birrea at Nylsvley Nature Reserve in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Bark samples were collected from trees during the autumn, winter, spring and summer seasons. During each visit the created scars were examined for any physical changes. The effect of debarking on the polyphenolic content, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanol extracts of the powdered bark samples was determined. Seasonal debarking resulted in infestation by insects, reduction in callus formation and decay of stems. The results also indicated that seasonal debarking did not affect the polyphenolic concentration. However, debarking significantly (p < 0.05) increased the DPPH antioxidant activity of the experimental trees (IC50 21.30 ± 0.62 μg/mL) compared to the control (IC50 46.0 ± 0.8 μg/mL). Seasonal debarking also increased the antibacterial activities of the experimental trees compared to the control against the selected pathogens. A further relatively long-term study is required to conclusively establish the effect of seasonal debarking on the bioactive constituents.

Potential of methanol extract from the stem bark of mangrove Rhizophora mucronata against bacteria Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophylla

Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophylla are well known pathogenic bacteria causing diseases in both human and animals. Since the popular antibacterial drugs in the market lead to resistance, other alternatives antibacterial need to be searched from the active ingredient found in marine and terrestrial vegetation. The potential use of secondary metabolites from marine vegetation is currently being developed. One of marine vegetation that has been expected to have antibacterial activity is mangrove. This study aims to provide information related to the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of methanol extract of the bark of mangrove Rhizophora mucronata. The phytochemical screening and disc testing methods were used in this study. The results showed that the methanol extract of R. mucronata containedphenolics, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Furthermore, the positive outcome of active antibacterial potential of the methanol extract against E. coli and A. hydrophilla has been indicated by inhibition of discs in a clear zone at 7,56 and 7,00 mm.

The antibacterial effect of methanolic fraction of Nepeta depauperataon against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from burn wound infections

Background: In this study, the antibacterial effect of the methanolic fraction of Nepeta depauperata against 50 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from burn wound infections of patients who referred to Shahid Motahari hospital of Tehran in 2014 was evaluated. M aterials and Methods: All bacterial isolates were confirmed by standard bacteriologic methods. Their resistant to common antibiotics were evaluated by disk diffusion method based on CLSI 2014. The Nepeta depauperata aerial parts were collected from Hormozgan Province and identified. Methanolic extract was prepared by maceration method using percolator apparatus and concentrated by rotary evaporator. The antibacterial activity of methanolic extract were determined by two methods; cup plate diffusion agar for determination the zone diameter of inhibition and microdilution broth for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and further minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC). Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software version 20. R es ults: The percentage of resistance and susceptibility against nine different kinds of common antibiotic disk showed 83% resistance on average as evaluated by agar disk diffusion (Kirby–Bauer antibiotic test). Also, the mean of inhibition zone diameters has been measured in concentrations of 1000, 500, 250 mg/ml as follow: 12.58, 11.3 and 9.44 mm, respectively by cup plate and the amount of 87.93 and 104.78 mg/ml for MIC and MBC were determined, respectively, using the broth microdilution method. Statistic analysis was done with SPSS verssion19 software. C onclusion: According to the satisfying results of the antibacterial effect of the testing methanolic extract against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa isolates further in vitro and in vivo studies are recommended.