Antibacterial Activity Of Ethanol Extracts Research Articles

Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Syzygium polyanthum L. (Salam) Leaves against Foodborne Pathogens and Application as Food Sanitizer.

The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial activity of S. polyanthum L. (salam) leaves extract foodborne pathogens. All the foodborne pathogens were inhibited after treating with extract in disk diffusion test with range 6.67 ± 0.58–9.67 ± 0.58 mm of inhibition zone. The range of MIC values was between 0.63 and 1.25 mg/mL whereas MBC values were in the range 0.63 mg/mL to 2.50 mg/mL. In time-kill curve, L. monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa were found completely killed after exposing to extract in 1 h incubation at 4x MIC. Four hours had been taken to completely kill E. coli, S. aureus, V. cholerae, and V. parahaemolyticus at 4x MIC. However, the population of K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and S. typhimurium only reduced to 3 log CFU/mL. The treated cell showed cell rupture and leakage of the cell cytoplasm in SEM observation. The significant reduction of natural microflora in grapes fruit was started at 0.50% of extract at 5 min and this concentration also was parallel to sensory attributes acceptability where application of extract was accepted by the panellists until 5%. In conclusion, S. polyanthum extract exhibits antimicrobial activities and thus might be developed as natural sanitizer for washing raw food materials.

Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Roots of the Blessed Thistle (Cnicus Benedictus L.)

Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Roots of the Blessed Thistle (Cnicus Benedictus L.)

Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract and fraction of Rambutan leaf (Nephelium lappaceum) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa multiresistant

Background: Nosocomial infection is a hospital-acquired infection that can cause various severe diseases. The main bacteria that causes nosocomial infection is Pseudomonas aeruginosa multiresistant (PAMR). The Rambutan leaf (Nephelium lappaceum) is known to have antibacterial activity because it is suspected to have the content of flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins. Aims and Objectives: This research was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract and the most active fraction. Materials and Methods: The research was started by extraction and then fractinationed by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain ethyl acetate, water, and n-hexane fraction. After that, antibacterial activity was carried out by the agar diffusion method, and the value of MIC and MBC was determined by the microdilution method. Results: The result showed that ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of the Rambutan leaf had antibacterial activity against PAMR, of which the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction. The value of MIC and MBC of the extract and ethyl acetate fraction was in a concentration 2.5% w/v and 5% w/v against PAMR. Conclusions: The antibacterial activity of this extract and fractions against PAMR was probably derived from flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and tannins.

COMPARISON OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES EXTRACTS OF TECTONA GRANDIS, MANGIFERA INDICA, AND ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE

Objective: World Health Organization estimated that 80% of people worldwide rely upon herbal medicines for some aspect of their primary healthcare. For most of the herbs, the specific ingredient that causes therapeutic effect is not known. Bacterial infections are one of the prominent causes of health problems, physical disabilities and mortalities around the world. Plants have been used in medicine as antimicrobial agents since ancient times could provide a promising solution for drug-resistant species. The present study involves comparison of the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract leaves of Tectona grandis (teak), Mangifera indica (mango), and, Anacardium Occidentale (cashew).Methods: Authentication, morphological studies and phytochemical screening studies on alcoholic extracts of leaves were carried out. Antibacterial activity was carried out by using different concentrations of extracts on bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using agar well diffusion method and results were compared.Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, resins, tannins and flavonoids. Antibacterial activity was observed in the concentration range of 25-100 mg/ml for all the extracts except T. grandis leaves. They are effective at 50-100 mg/ml concentration.Conclusion: Comparison of results reveals that leaves of T. Grandis have less antibacterial activity compared to M. Indica and A. Occidantale extracts.Keywords: Teak, Mango, Cashew Leaves Extracts, Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial activity

English

Medicinal plants constitute natural source of antimicrobial drugs that will provide essential compounds to fight against disease. In this study, the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of Moringa stenopetala, Thymus serrulatus, and Terminalia brownii were investigated against selected pathogenic Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. In vitro antibacterial activities of the ethanol extracts were tested at a concentration of 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/ml by using agar disc diffusion method and zone of inhibitions were determined. Furthermore, minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for plants that showed antibacterial activity (>15 mm zone of inhibition). The results indicated that only T. serrulatus and T. brownii exhibited antimicrobial activity against one or more test pathogens. Both extracts of these plants showed strong and dose dependent activity when compared with M. stenopetala which demonstrated no activity. Interestingly, T. serrulatus showed broad spectrum activity against the tested bacteria. Therefore, ethanol extracts of T. serrulatus and T. brownii showed promising antimicrobial activity justifying their usage in traditional medicine.   Key words: Antibacterial, Ethiopia, Moringa stenopetala, Terminalia brownii, Thymus serrulatus.

Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ethanol extracts of Asparagus suaveolens aerial parts

This study was aimed at investigating the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activities and antibacterial activities of Asparagus suaveolens (A. suaveolens) aerial parts. Antioxidant properties were assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay and reducing power assay. Antibacterial activity of the extract was assessed by micro-dilution method and 2008 WHO Neisseria gonorrhoea (N. gonorrhoea) reference strains were used for this purpose. Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, anthraquinones, terpenoids and steroids, reducing sugar, proteins and coumarins. An effective free radical scavenging activity of 71% was observed for chloroform fraction at 2.5mg/mL. Butan-1-ol fraction had 79% inhibition of hydrogen peroxide and 55% reducing power at 2.0mg/mL compared to all other fractions but less than the standards. The n-hexane fraction had moderate growth inhibition against F, O and P 2008 WHO N. gonorrhoea reference strains with MIC values of 1.3mg/mL, 0.12mg/mL and 1.63mg/mL, respectively. The MBC values of the same fraction had moderate activities against the same strains. This promising anti-N. gonorrhoea properties of A. suaveolens aerial parts observed confirms its traditional use in the treatment of gonorrhoea infections by Bolahlakgomo Village commuters of the Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Invitro Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Dietary Spices Against Clinical Isolates

Invitro Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Dietary Spices Against Clinical Isolates

Antibacterial Activity of Pluchea indica and Piper betle Ethanol Extract on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Medicinal plants are widely used for the treatment of different infectious diseases. This study was aimed to investigate antibacterial activity of Pluchea indica (P. indica) and Piper betle (P.betle) ethanol extract on Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) using agar disk diffusion method. Ethanol extract of Piper betle showed more potent antibacterial activity than P. indica against S. Epidermidis with the highest inhibiton zone at 30.71 mm and 21.73 mm from 1 mg/ml concentration, respectively. In contrast, against P. aeruginosa, the ethanol extract of P. indica was more potent than P. betle with 21.44 mm and 20.12 mm of inhibition zone on 1 mg/ml concentration, respectively. There was no increased effect from the combination of these two extracts against these bacteria. When comparing the antibacterial activity of these extract with tetracycline as the standard, we found that antibacterial activity of P. indica at the concentration of 0.9 mg/ ml was comparable with that of tetracycline at concentration of 12.52 μg/ml, while P. betle needed 0.3 mg/ml concentration to had similar activity with 10.51 μg/ml of tetracycline. In conlusion, the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of P. indica and P. betle indicated that these extract had sufficient potential to warrant further examination and development as a new antibacterial agent. Keywords: Pluchea indica, Piper betle, antibacterial, agar disk diffusion

Antibacterial Effect of Crude Extracts of Kaempferia parviflora (Krachaidam) against Cronobacter spp. and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in Various Dairy Foods: A Preliminary Study

Rhizomes of Kaempferia parviflora (Zingiberaceae) have been used in traditional Thai medicine for health promotion. In this study, the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of K. parviflora against Cronobacter spp. and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) was investigated using paper disc dilution method. The results revealed that the ethanol extract exhibited antibacterial activity against Cronobacter spp. and EHEC. With an increasing concentration of K. parviflora ethanol extract, larger zones of inhibition of Cronobacter spp. and EHEC strains tested were observed. Therefore, its antibacterial activity suggested that K. parviflora could be used as a natural additive to ascertain food safety of various dairy products.

Antibacterial and Phytochemical Screening of Ethanol Extract of Hemidesmus indicus roots

Hemidesmus indicus belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, and is one of the rare medicinal and aromatic plants of India. The Hemidesmus indicus recommended for the treatment of various diseases namely skin disease, liver impairment, leprosy, dysentery, bronchitis etc by tribal people. The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of Hemidesmus indicus root. The ethanol extract of Hemidesmus indicus root was prepared and phytochemical screening was performed. The findings indicate the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, steroids, polyphenol, saponins and terpenoids in extract. The antibacterial activity of various concentrations (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of ethanol extract was tested by disk diffusion method against E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermis, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. flexneri. Zones of Inhibition produced by extract at various concentrations against selected strains were measured. The highest zones of growth inhibition were observed against B. subtilis compared to other microorganism. It produced a mean zone diameter of 23.5 mm at a dose of 100% on B. subtilis and lowest zone of growth inhibition was observed on S. epidermis, which gave a zone of inhibition measuring 9.8 mm.

EFFECT OF VAM FUNGI ON PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY IN SOLANUM SURATTENSE L.

In this study six fungal species were isolated from soil samples. Among the six species Glomus fasiculatum and Gigaspora marigarita noted in dominant level. So both are used as bioinoculant and were mass multiplied in onion plant by pot culture. After pot culture, biochemical and antibacterial activity were analysed from the treated plant Solanum surattense. In the phytochemical analysis falvonoids, tannins , terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and saponins were noted. Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Solanum surattense against clinical isolates were analyzed and show the more activity noted in K.pneumoniae when compared with Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogens, E.coli respectively.

Ethanolic extracts of Aloe vera and propolis as cavity disinfectants: An in vitro study

Introduction: Though a large number of agents including chlorhexidine have been used for cavity disinfection during restorative procedures, till date none has proved to be “ideal.” Thus, there is a need for an alternative cavity disinfectant, which is safe, effective, and economic. Herbal extracts of Aloe vera and propolis have shown the potential to be used as cavity disinfectants but not much is known about them. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Aloe vera and propolis against S. mutans and L. acidophilus, along with assessing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Materials and Methods: The study included three groups: 2% chlorhexidine solution (group I), ethanolic extract of Aloe vera (group II), and ethanolic extract of propolis (group III). An MIC test was carried out using tissue culture microplates and serial dilution technique and later to MBC, an aliquot of each incubated well with concentrations higher than MIC was subcultured on brain heart infusion (BHI) medium. Antibacterial assay was carried out using agar disk diffusion technique and zones of inhibition were determined. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for intergroup comparison followed by post hoc Tukey’s test for groupwise comparison. Results: Group II and Group III showed bacteriostatic effect but no bactericidal effect against both S. mutans and L. acidophilus. There was a significant difference in the antibacterial activity against both the tested microorganisms among all the groups, the highest being in group I followed by group II and group III. Conclusions: Ethanolic extracts of Aloe vera and propolis are only bacteriostatic and their antibacterial efficacy is inferior to chlorhexidine against both S. mutans and L. acidophilus.

Keeping quality of beef sausage using ethanolic extract of gamma-irradiated pomegranate peel powder

The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts from gamma-irradiated pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel powder (PE) at the dose levels of 0, 3, 6, and 9 kGy. The ?ntioxidant activity of the extracts was estimated using the radical scavenging activity against 2,2?-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH?), ?-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching system, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Antibacterial activity of the extracts was assessed against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsilla penumoneae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhumurium. The results showed that PE treated with 6 kGy had a higher content of total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC), and antioxidant activity. Hence, the PE of 6 kGy-irradiated peels were selected to be added to beef sausage. Different concentrations of 6 KGy-irradiated PE were applied to improve beef sausage hygienic quality and extend the shelf life during cold storage (4?C). The results indicated that when 12 mL of the extract were added to one kg of beef sausage, the shelf-life of the sausage was extended from 15 days to 50 days (at 4?C), compared with the control, without changes of the microbiological, chemical, and sensory attributes.

Phytochemical and antibacterial evaluation of ethanolic extract of Salvadora persica root extract against selected microorganisms

The aim of this paper was to anlyse phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Salvadora persica roots against selected microorganisms. Organism tested were Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus cereus and Enterobacter aerogenes. From the study Salvadora persica roots was found to contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavanoids, glycosides, saponins and terpenes. The plant extract inhibited the growth of Enterobacter aerogenes with a zone of inhibition of 32.833 ± 0.167, Escherichia coli (32.166 ± 0.167), Bacillus cereus (31.533 ± 0.033), Proteus vulgaris (31.166 ± 0.167) and Salmonella typhi (27.500 ± 0.289). The bioactivity of the plant extract observed in this study can be attributed to the presence of the mentioned phytochemicals. Results from the bioassay of Salvadora persica roots extract showed the highest zone of inhibition was obtained against Enterobacter aerogenes at 500 mg/ml. The paper concludes that Salvadora persica roots contain phyto medicine which is effective in treating most of the infectious diseases.

Total phenolic and flavonoid content and antibacterial activity of Punica granatum L. var. pleniflora flowers (Golnar) against bacterial strains causing foodborne diseases.

BackgroundFlowers of Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) var. pleniflora, known as “Golnar” in Iranian traditional medicine have been used for the prevention and treatment of foodborne diseases. In this study, antibacterial activities of ethanol extract of Golnar and its fractions were scientifically evaluated against bacteria causing foodborne diseases including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysantriae, and Salmonella typhi. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract and its fractions were also determined.MethodsThe antibacterial effect of the ethanol extract and its fractions were primarily evaluated by agar well diffusion and their MIC and MBC were determined by broth macro dilution method. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract and its fractions were measured based on gallic acid and rutin equivalents (GAE and RE), respectively.ResultsAfter evaluation of total phenolic and flavonoid content the chloroform fraction showed the lowest phenolic and flavonoid contents (3.8 mg GAE/g and 1.1 mg RE/g respectively) and the methanol fraction showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents (18.1 mg GEA/g and 3.3 mg RE/g respectively). The total phenolic and flavonoid content was positively associated with the antibacterial activities of the fractions with chloroform extract exhibiting lowest antibacterial activity against E. coli (MIC 25 mg/ml) and the methanol fraction exhibiting the highest antibacterial effect against S. aureus (MIC 0.19 mg/ml).ConclusionGolnar extract showed antibacterial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria causing food poisoning. Therefore, the extract can be used for prevention or treatment of foodborne diseases or as preservative in the food industry.The methanol fraction with the highest phenolic and flavonoid content showed the highest antibacterial effect. This indicates that the phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the extract can be responsible for the effect.

Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Leaves and Twigs of Azadirachta indica A. Juss

Azadiracheta indica A. Juss commonly known as Neem belongs to family Meliaceae. Each part of A. indica has been used extensively for various ailments. In the present study A. indica leaves and twigs were shade dried and made into powder. This powdered material was subjected for extraction using ethanol (10gm powder in 100ml ethanol). Ethanol extracts (EE) of leaves and twigs were qualitatively screened for the presence of phytochemicals viz. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols and steroids. The in vitro antibacterial potential of ethanol extract of leaves and twigs against methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus MSSA (ATCC 25923) and E. Coli (ATCC 25922) was evaluated by determining minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Ethanol extract of A. indica leaves showed favorable MIC values than the ethanol extract of twigs against MSSA whereas against E. coli both the MIC values are comparable. In conclusion, both ethanol extracts of A. indica leaves and twigs were found to have potent antibacterial activity against MSSA and E. Coli.

In vitro antibacterial evaluation of ethanolic extract of Thunbergia alata leaves extract against selected microorganisms

The aim of this study was to analyse the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Thunbergia alata leaves against laboratory strains of selected microorganisms. The ethanolic extract of Thunbergia alata leaves are being used in the treatment of aphrodisiac, skin problems, back and joint pains, eye inflammation, piles and rectal cancer. The mean zones of inhibition of the extract against microorganisms were 29.000 ± 0.577 mm for Staphylococcus epidermidis , 21.750 ± 0.629 mm for Enterobacter aerogenes , 19.000 ± 0.577 mm for Bacillus cereus and 14.250 ± 0.478 mm for Streptococcus α- hemolytic . The microorganism such as E. coli, Serratia marcescens and Streptococcus -γ- hemolytic did not show any zone of inhibitions . The penicillin positive control showed large zones of inhibition except against Serratia marcescens and the dimethyl sulfoxide negative control did not show any zone of inhibition. This report suggests that the extract was active against all the other organisms except E. coli, Serratia marcescens and S-γ-hemolytic . Analysis of variance showed that the zones of inhibition of the extract and antibiotic control against the microorganisms were significantly different (p < 0.0001). The Tukey’s honestly test further showed both significant and non-significant comparisons between the extract and controls for various bacterial organisms. This study has shown that controlling the growth of microorganisms in vitro can be achieved by the ethanolic extract of Thunbergia alata .

Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract and compounds from fruits of Tectona grandis (Verbenaceae).

BackgroundWell known as teak, Tectona grandis is widely used in African folk medicine for its pharmacological relevance. In Cameroon, this species is a reputed laxative in the Northern Region while in the Western Region, it is used in the treatment of skin diseases and diarrhoea.Materials and methodsSeparation and isolation of compounds were performed using different chromatographic methods while their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques including MS and NMR, and by comparison of data with those reported in the literature. Isolated compounds as well as crude ethanol extract were tested for their antibacterial activities using broth micro-dilution method against four Gram negative bacteria strains Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA 01), Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 11296) and Escherichia aerogenes (ATCC 13048).ResultsThree known compounds were isolated, including two quinones and one triterpene. They were identified as tectograndone (1), 6-methyl-1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone (2), and 2β-hydroxyursolic acid (3) respectively. Crude ethanol extract showed good activity against the bacteria strains tested with MIC of 64–256 μg/mL. Among the isolated metabolites, 6-methyl-1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone exhibited a strong activity against Escherichia aerogenes with MIC of 16 μg/mL, while tectograndone showed a moderate activity against Escherichia coli with MIC of 32 μg/mL. The antibacterial screening of the fruits of this plant as well as that of compounds 1 and 2 is reported herein for the first time.ConclusionThe research work presented here shows that Tectona grandis fruits possess compounds which could be developed in the treatment of bacterial diseases.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) ASAL KOTA WATAMPONE

It has been conducted the research on Assay of Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Wuluh Starfruit ( Averrhoa bilimbi L.) The aim of this research is to determine the antibacterial activity. The initial screening assay conducted on several bacteria including Escheria coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella typhi , Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus mutans , Vibrio cholerae , Shigella dysenteriae . Then, assay on the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) was carried out with some variations of concentration: 0,05%; 0,1%; 0,2%; 0,4%; 0,8%; and 1,6%. Test result of MIC was then followed by MKC test (Minimum Kill Concentration) using NA medium. The results showed that on concentration 0,4%; 0,8%; and 1,6% inhibit the growth of bacteria tested. Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of wuluh starfruit ( Averrhoa bilimbi L.) was conducted by using the diffusion agat method. The result showed that the lowest concentration 0,4% ethanolic extract of wuluh starfruit ( Averrhoa bilimbi L.) inhibit the growth of bacteria Shigella dysenteriae , Salmonella typhi , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Vibrio cholerae , Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus .

Antibacterial Activity Assay Of Ethanolic Extract Of Bulbs Sticky Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Use TLC-Bioautografi

A research on antibacterial activity assay of sticky ethanolic extract from taro tuber ( Colocasia esculenta ) has been conducted in order to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of the stem Colocasia esculenta against several assay bacteria use TLC-Bioautografi. Results of antibacterial activity screening showed that the ethanol extract of te Colocasia esculenta at a concentration of 1 mg/ml exhibited inhibitory activity against bacteria of Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aerugginosa , Salmonella typhi , Shigella dysentriae , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Streptococcus mutans , and Vibrio cholera . Test result showed by TLC-Bioautography using the eluent n-hexane : ethyl acetate (4:1) obtained Rf 0.38 value providing activity to Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aerugginosa , Salmonella typhi , Shigella dysentriae , Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus mutans , and Vibrio cholera . The results of identification of active chemical component showed that the ethanolic extract of the stem of Colocasia esculenta on Rf 0.38 value was te alkaloid using dragendorf as the reagent.