Antibacterial Activity Of AgNPs Research Articles

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Extracts from Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi: Characterization and Bioactivities

In this work, the hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts from Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi were utilized to green-synthesize silver nanoparticles (Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs). The Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs were characterized by spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was studied against bacteria strains, utilizing the microdilution assay. The DPPH and H2O2 assays were considered to assess the antioxidant activity of AgNPs. The results revealed that Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs exhibit an average diameter of 39.9, 111, and 42 nm, respectively. The calculated ζ-potential of Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs were −20.5, −10.6, and −7.9 mV, respectively. The UV-vis analysis of the three samples demonstrated characteristic absorption bands within the range of 350–450 nm, which confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The FTIR analysis of AgNPs exhibited a series of bands from 3500 to 750 cm−1, related to the presence of extracts on their surfaces. SEM observations unveiled that Kf1- and Kf2-AgNPs adopted structural arrangements related to nano-popcorns and nanoflowers, whereas Kf3-AgNPs were spherical in shape. It was determined that treatment with Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs was demonstrated to inhibit the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa in a dose-dependent manner (50–300 μg/mL). Within the same range, treatment with Kf1-, Kf2-, and Kf3-AgNPs decreased the generation of DPPH (IC50 57.02–2.09 μg/mL) and H2O2 (IC50 3.15–3.45 μg/mL) radicals. This study highlights the importance of using inorganic nanomaterials to improve the biological performance of plant extracts as an efficient nanotechnological approach.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their effects on the Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterial biofilm formation.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from propolis on the formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms. AgNPs were synthesized from propolis, and their inhibitory effect on P. gingivalis biofilm formation was assessed. Different concentrations of AgNPs (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) were tested to determine the dose-dependent antibacterial activity. The results of this study indicated that AgNPs exhibited an inhibitory effect on P. gingivalis biofilm formation. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was dose-dependent, with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% showing effectiveness. Notably, the concentration of 0.5% demonstrated the most significant anti-biofilm formation activity. The results of this study suggest that AgNPs synthesized from propolis have potential as an effective option for enhancing periodontal treatment outcomes. The inhibitory effect of AgNPs on P. gingivalis biofilm formation highlights their potential as alternative antimicrobial agents in the management of periodontal diseases.

Synthesis of sustainable silver nanoparticles using plant extract and their antimicrobial, anticancer, and photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency analysis

The green synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles has gained a lot of interest in the area of nanotechnology, because of its high therapeutic properties. The present study focussed on the synthesis of the silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using Ceropegia debilis leaf extract and characterized by various physio-chemical techniques and surface morphological studies. The prepared Ag-NPs exhibit a face-centred cubic structure, spherical morphology, and high purity as shown by XRD, SEM, and EDS analyses. The average size of the Ag-NPs was confirmed by TEM study as 18.6 ± 7.5 nm. The synthesized Ag-NPs show remarkable antioxidant activity of 72.1% compared to standard BHT 86.9%. Furthermore, Ag-NPs show remarkable cytotoxic properties against MCF 7 and A 549 cell line of 37.19% and 33.33%, respectively at 250 µg/mL. The antibacterial activity of Ag-NPs was investigated against the human pathogen and intestinal pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by agar disc diffusion method. Moreover, the synthesised Ag-NPs exhibit good antifungal properties against the fungal specimen Trichoderma viride assessed by well diffusion technique. In addition, Ag-NPs serve as an excellent nanocatalyst in the removal of toxic methylene blue dye (93.2%) from industrial wastewater under sunlight irradiation.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using five varieties of Cordyline fruticosa sp. leaves and reviewing their antimicrobial, antioxidant and photocatalytic properties

The biological synthesis of nanoparticles using plants or microorganisms has gained attention in the recent past, mainly due to its eco-friendly nature and because they can be used in a vast variety of fields such as medicine, agriculture and textiles. The current study focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using five varieties of Cordyline fruticosa (candy cane, waihee rainbow, exotica, pink cascade and pink diamond) leaves, and assessing their antioxidant, photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities. SEM analysis of pink cascade-AgNPs shows they are spherical and in the range of 40-50nm. Band gap energy calculations reveal that synthesized AgNPs can act as semiconductors. Total flavonoid content, total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity were analyzed and the DPPH-free radical scavenging assay was performed. These showed that AgNPs had higher antioxidant activity compared to aqueous extracts. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs and aqueous extracts was assessed using cultures of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Extracts and AgNPs showed better bactericidal effect on S.aureus. Photocatalytic activity of synthesized AgNPs was assessed using malachite green as a model dye and significant degradation of the dye was observed when AgNPs were added together with catalyst NaBH4. According to the results obtained from this study, it can be seen that AgNPs synthesized using Cordyline fruticosa have potential in different aspects including treatment of free-radical mediated diseases, overcoming antibiotic resistance, treatment of bacterial diseases and overcoming environmental pollution.

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Extract of Epiphytic Shrub Leaves (Ficus heteropleura Blume) on Oil Palm Plant and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity Against Escherichia coli

Silver nanoparticles are silver metal particles with a size of less than 100 nm. Extract of epiphytic shrub leaves (Ficus heteropleura Blume) serves as a bioreductant in producing silver nanoparticles, which are utilized for their antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli. This study aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles and assess their activity against Escherichia coli. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the green synthesis method with Ficus heteropleura leaf extract with silver nitrate (AgNO3). AgNPs were synthesized using a 1 mM solution of AgNO3 and different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%) of Ficus heteropleura extract. The AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, and PSA. UV-Vis analysis revealed that AgNPs at concentrations ranging from 2% to 10% exhibited absorbance peaks within the wavelength range of 201.2–473.5 nm. FTIR analysis identified functional groups such as OH, CH, C=C, C≡C, C≡N, and CO, which played a role in reducing silver nanoparticles. The size distribution of AgNPs was determined, with AgNPs synthesized at a concentration of 6% exhibiting a size range of 1–100 nm, constituting 40.77% of the total. For AgNPs synthesized at concentrations of 8% and 10%, the percentage of nanoparticles in the 1–100 nm size range was found to be 26.845% and 1.28%, respectively. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs at concentrations of 6% and 8% against Escherichia coli demonstrated moderate effectiveness.

Use of Residual Malt from an Artisanal Beer Brewing Process in the Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Nucleating and Structure-Directing Agents.

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in varied applications, which are morphology dependent. Consequently, a morphology-controlled synthesis is mandatory. Although there are several studies focused on the plant extract-based biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles, the use of extracts obtained from agro-wastes is scant. Furthermore, information regarding morphology modification through the use of additional agents is even more scarce. Thus, in this study, AgNPs were synthesized using a malt extract (ME) obtained from an artisanal beer brewing process residue. Additionally, sodium chloride (NaCl), gum arabic (GA), and talc (T) were used in an attempt to modify the morphology of AgNPs. XRD, DLS, SEM, and TEM results demonstrate that stable AgNPs of different sizes and shapes were synthesized. FTIR, HPLC analysis, and the quantification of total proteins, free amino acids, reducing sugars, and total polyphenols before and after AgNPs synthesis showed that ME biomolecules allowed them to act as a source of reducing and stabilizing agents. Therefore, this study provides evidence that ME can be successfully used to biosynthesize AgNPs. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was evaluated. Results indicate that AgNPs show a higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.

Green synthesis, characterization and biological activity of silver nanoparticles of Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw extract

Mosses are one of the oldest land plants that constitute the second largest group of the plant kingdom, are found in almost every region, have known therapeutic effects, are rich in secondary metabolites, can withstand harsh climatic conditions and thirst for a long time. Volatile extracts of Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in this study, and the presence of 18 different phytocompounds was determined as secondary metabolites. Using these extracts, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a green synthesis method. The AgNPs that were created were characterized. The extracts and AgNPs were tested for antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, mutagenic, and DNA-cleavage activity. The tests revealed no evidence of mutagenicity. Antibiofilm and antibacterial activity of AgNPs against P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecalis were demonstrated. Both oxidatively and hydrolytically, H. cupressiforme the extract was found to have higher antioxidant properties and high DNA cleavage activity.

Investigating the Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Polyol-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized by using the polyol method. The structural and morphological characteristics of Ag-NPs were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The XRD analysis revealed the formation of single-phase polycrystalline Ag-NPs with an average crystallite size and lattice constant of ∼23 nm and 4.07 Å, respectively, while the FE-SEM shows the formation of a uniform and spherical morphology. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the formation of single-phase Ag-NPs, and no extra elements were detected. A strong absorption peak at ∼427 nm was observed in the UV-vis spectrum, which reflects the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) behavior characteristic of Ag-NPs with a spherical morphology. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra also supported the XRD and EDX results with regard to the purity of the prepared Ag-NPs. Anti-inflammatory activity was tested using HRBCs membrane stabilization and heat-induced hemolysis assays. The antibacterial activity of Ag-NPs was evaluated against four different types of pathogenic bacteria by using the disc diffusion method (DDM). The Gram-negative bacterial strains used in this study are Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella, Shigella, and Salmonella. The analysis suggested that the antibacterial activities of Ag-NPs have an influential role in inhibiting the growth of the tested Gram-negative bacteria, and thus Ag-NPs can find a potential application in the pharmaceutical industry.

Efficiency Evaluation and Characterization of Microbially, Phyto and Chemically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles

The present research objectives involves the synthesis and characterization of microbially, Phyto- and chemically silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and evaluation the antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effect. Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized through Streptomyces clavuligerus and Curcuma extract in addition to chemical reduction method with trisodium citrate as reducing agent silver nitrate as the metal substrate. The syntheses of the silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of characterization revealed absorption peaks obtained at range from 217-222 nm for all AgNPs types. SEM photographs of biosynthesized AgNPs indicate a narrow size distribution with average 8 nm in ‎spherical with smooth surfaces‎ and serruond protein but, chemical AgNPs showed ‎ without serruond protein. Antibacterial activity of AgNPs was determined using agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginos. Results show similar significant antibacterial activity of microbial and Phyto- biosynthesized silver NPs. On the other hand, the chemically synthesized AgNPs recorded no activity against all tested pathogens. The cytotoxicity of AgNPs was tested in vitro on lung tissue fibroblast (WI-38) using MTT with various concentrations. The results recorded IC50 4.6, 1.25 and 2.18 µgml-1 for microbially, Phyto- and chemically AgNPs respectively. Almost all the microbial synthesis of silver nanoparticles exhibit the beast characteristics that qualify it for application in the pharmaceutical field due to its being the smallest in size, antimicrobial activity, and the less toxic on host cells.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by banana pulp extract: Characterizations, antibacterial activity, and bioelectricity generation

Here, green banana pulp extract (PE) has been used as a bio-reducing agent for the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Bio-synthesized AgNPs were characterized by using UV, XRD, FEEM, TEM, and FTIR analysis. The face-centered cubic structures of AgNPs were formed with an average crystallite size of 31.26 nm and an average particle size of 42.97 nm. In this report, the electrical activities of green synthesized AgNPs have been evaluated along with the antibacterial activities. The antibacterial activities of AgNPs were evaluated against two pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (gram-positive). AgNPs were added to the electrochemical cell and results demonstrated the improvement of power of the electrochemical cell. Green synthesized AgNPs showed excellent antibacterial activities against both gram-positive and negative bacteria and most importantly the NPs played an important role as an effective catalyst to enhance the electrical performance of bio-electrochemical cells. These significant findings may help in the advancement of nanotechnology in biomedical applications as well as in the creation of cheap and eco-friendly power generation devices.

Green synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their antimicrobial applications

The exceptional antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and their prospective uses in different fields have attracted a lot of interest in contemporary times. The chemical agents used in the preparation of Ag NPs are hazardous to human health and the environment. In contrast to chemical approaches, green synthesis techniques involve the use of natural resources, which accomplish the principles of green chemistry and sustainable development goals (SDGs). In this regard, this review article delves into a comprehensive analysis of the green synthesis methods employed for the production of Ag NPs and their utilization as diverse antimicrobial agents. In addition to exploring the many antimicrobial uses of Ag NPs production, this article attempts to give a thorough examination of the processes behind the antibacterial activity of Ag NPs. This review provides in-depth mechanisms of antimicrobial action, including rupture of membranes, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disruption of cellular functions. Thus, this article explores recent insights into green synthesis approaches for the preparation of Ag NPs which are effectively utilized as antimicrobial agents.

Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Citrus aurantium and its synergistic effect of the combination of silver nanoparticles with ampicillin against Proteus mirabilis

Abstract Background: Proteus mirabilis is one of the most infectious organisms that cause a various infections involving those of the skin, wounds, and urinary tract. This study describes the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) and using it as an antibacterial agent. Objective: To determine the activity of AgNps and synergistic effect of combination of AgNps with ampicillin (AMP). Materials and Methods: Out of 205 samples, 32 isolated were identified as P. mirabilis and determine the inhibition zone by using AgNps and its combination with AMP. The AgNps were biosynthesized by Citrus aurantium and then characterized using Ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The antibacterial activity of AgNps was done using well diffusion agar method and the activity was evaluated by calculating the increase in the inhibition zone and reduction in the bacterial growth. Results: The synthesized AgNps was first characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy which showed a peak between 400 and 500 cm–1. The color changes from clear yellow to red or brown color indicate the formation of AgNps. The particle size of AgNps was calculated and found to be 21.24 nm by XRD. The TEM images showed the presence of very regular particles in shape of nanospheres with a particle size in the range of 10–28 nm. Different concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100 µg/mL) were used for determining the activities of AgNps and the combination of AgNps with AMP, and the result showed that the most efficient in inhibition zone was at concentration 100 µg/mL. Conclusion: This study concluded that the green synthesized AgNps from C. aurantium leaves extract have most potential as antibacterial against P. mirabilis.

Synergistic effect of synthesized silver nanoparticles combined with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples

Abstract Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prevalent nosocomial pathogenic microorganisms that affect and cause a life-threatening situation. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles (NPs) with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid antibiotic on P. aeruginosa growth. Materials and Methods: A total of 220 clinical samples were collected. A sample has been subjected to isolation and identification by standard microbiological procedures. The extract of Citrus aurantium was used to synthesize silver NPs. The characterization of silver NPs was achieved at the University of Tehran, by using UV–visible spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The antibacterial activity of AgNPs and combination with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid antibiotic were tested against bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. Results: Out of the 220 samples collected, 33 (15%) isolates were positive for P. aeruginosa. Highest resistance of P. aeruginosa was found to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in percentage of 100. NPs have been characterized by a UV–visible spectrometer which revealed a broad peak at 426 cm-1. XRD showed the purity of the prepared silver NPs that the particle size was equal to 21.26 nm. TEM measurement showed the presence of sphere-like structures with sizes of 20 nm for regular particles and 40 nm for irregular particles. AgNPs, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and mixture (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid + AgNPs) have high inhibition activity of P. aeruginosa in concentration of 100 µg/mL and recorded 21.33 ± 3.06, 13.00 ± 0.00, and 22.00 ± 3.46 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The results supported a green synthesis approach for the synthesis of AgNPs with antimicrobial. P. aeruginosa has synergistic combinations of AgNPs with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, with a great inhibitory effect on the growth of the bacteria.

An investigation into synthesis and characterization of Ag-nanoparticles using green chemistry, and their antibacterial properties

The quest for new nano-systems is ongoing to provide tailored nanoparticle systems for commercial purposes. The ability to manage their size and morphology leads to an advantage over other characteristics, therefore, a stable generation system is considered critical for their applications. We employed rose plant leaves extract to generate Ag-NPs via silver nitrate (AgNO3) as a basic ingredient in this study. The procedure was executed for multiple concentrations of the plant extract, as well as varying amounts of salt, and for different time periods. All of the different steps resulted in the development of Ag-NPs. The emergence of an absorption peak at 425 nm in UV-Vis spectroscopic spectra, and the presence of spherical particles visualized through SEM provided evidence of the creation of small-sized Ag-NPs. Finally, using the spread plate method, the antibacterial activity of Ag-NPs was investigated, and it was discovered that Ag-NPs exhibit high antibacterial activity against the four bacterial strains.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sambucus ebulus leaves extract: Characterization, quantitative analysis of bioactive molecules, antioxidant and antibacterial activities

Sambucus ebulus is a well-known medicinal plant used as a traditional medicine due to its bioactive compound contents. The importance of nanotechnology has increased recently since it has effective and widespread usage areas. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@Se) were synthesized using S. ebulus leaf extract and their structures were clarified by spectroscopic analyses including FTIR, UV–Vis, and XRD. The morphology and particle size of AgNPs@Se were determined by SEM analysis. Quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds of S. ebulus leaf extract was defined by HPLC analysis. Antioxidant activity of extract and AgNPs@Se was executed by DPPH•, ABTS•+, and FRAP assays. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was carried out using agar well diffusion and microdilution broth methods. Quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds in S. ebulus leaf extract was established by HPLC. The average particle size of nanoparticles was calculated as 18.6 nm. Isoquercitrin was found as a major product. AgNPs@Se displayed excellent antioxidant activity, but they revealed a moderate antibacterial effect. The structure of nanoparticles was assigned as a face center cubic unit cell. Hence, nanoparticles could be a favorable agent for the pharmaceutical and food industry.

Antibacterial Efficacy and Mechanical Strength of Direct Dental Composite Resins with Integrated Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Systematic Review of In-Vitro Studies

The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and mechanical strength of direct dental composite resins with integrated metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs). A review was performed using different electronic databases employing MeSH terms for identifying relevant published literature, without any restrictions on language and date of publication. The antibacterial activity of metal/metal oxide NPs-incorporated composites for the prevention of secondary caries was the primary outcome, whereas the mechanical strength was designated as the secondary outcome. 6 studies used varying amounts of silver (AgNPs); 5 studies used zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs); 1 study used Ag-doped ZnO-NPs. Four studies found a statistically significant (p < 0.05) antibacterial activity of varying amounts of ZnO-NPs, five studies found a statistically significant (p < 0.05) antibacterial activity of AgNPs, two studies reported a statistically non-significant (p > 0.05), however greater antibacterial activity, by the incorporation of AgNPs. All included studies reported that the mechanical strength of the composites was not compromised by the addition of either ZnO-NPs or AgNPs. Metal/metal oxide-modified direct dental composite resins resulted in improved antibacterial efficacy without compromising their mechanical strength as compared to non-modified composite resins. However, it is imperative to determine an equilibrium between the mechanical features and antibacterial activity of these materials, and more in vivo investigations are recommended in this aspect.

Amomum subulatum Fruit Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities

This research presents a straightforward, effective, and eco-friendly method for the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using the dried fruit of Amomum subulatum as a reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent. The formation of AgNPs and CuONPs is supported by the presence of a surface plasmon resonance band (SPR) at 440 nm for AgNPs and 245 nm for CuONPs. Additionally, the identification of specific biomolecules responsible for the synthesis of AgNPs and CuONPs was confirmed through FTIR spectra analysis. The Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images demonstrated that AgNPs and CuONPs had spherical shapes, with mean particle diameters of 20.6 nm and 24.7 nm, respectively. X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses provided evidence of the crystalline nature of the synthesized AgNPs and CuONPs. Additionally, the presence of silver and copper elements was observed through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of AgNPs was found to be superior to that of CuONPs against human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. The cytotoxic activity of the biosynthesized nanoparticles (NPs) was evaluated in vitro against human cervical cells (HeLa) and human breast cells (MCF-7). In MCF-7 cells, the IC50 value for AgNPs was estimated to be 39.79 µg/mL, while that of CuONPs was 83.89 µg/mL. In HeLa cells, the IC50 value for AgNPs was 45.5 µg/mL, and for CuONPs, it was 97.07 µg/mL. For the first time, an eco-friendly method for the synthesis of AgNPs and CuONPs from fruit extract of Amomum subulatum has been discussed along with their comparative evaluation study. These results highlight the promising applications of the eco-friendly synthesized AgNPs and CuONPs as effective agents against microbial infections and potential candidates for cancer therapy.

Eco-friendly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated by green synthesis using Capsicum annum L. extract: biosynthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have many benefits in the health sector, it has antimicrobial and biomedical Activity. AgNPs can be synthesized by using green chemistry or using chemical substances, such as NaBH4. Green synthesis of AgNPs is an environmentally friendly alternative and has cost-effective production. Capsicum annuum L. combined with Saffron extract was used to synthesize AgNPs. The biosynthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of AgNPs were studied in this research. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV- Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier- transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by optical performance using UV-VIS spectroscopy and showing a peak of AgNPs at 407 nm. Capsicum Annuum L. combined with Saffron extract contained C-H, C-N, and C=O groups. The particle size was characterized using PSA, the size is 37,74 nm. Capsicum Annuum L. combined with Saffron extract has good antibacterial activity. Keywords: Green Synthesis, AgNPs, Capsicum annuum L, Saffron.

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Camellia sinensis leaf extract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has attracted substantial interest and achievement due to their environmental friendliness, ease of manipulation, and potential for large-scale production. By using aqueous Camellia sinensis leaf extract, suspensions of AgNPs, which possess photocatalytic and biological activity, were successfully synthesized in this study. The reduction of silver ions to AgNPs was visually inspected via the colour of the reaction mixture, which was altered from pale yellow to reddish brown. The methods of characterization of the as-synthesized AgNPs were performed using Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The surface plasmon resonance bands of AgNPs at 420-430 nm in UV-Vis spectra indicated the presence of silver particles at the nanoscale. The size of AgNPs was determined by DLS, ranging from 25 nm to 40 nm. XRD analysis showed that AgNPs were highly pure and crystalline. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively, was demonstrated by the disc diffusion method. The examination of the photocatalytic activity of AgNPs was conducted through methylene blue (MB) degrading experiments, and the MB degrading performance was approximately 95% within 72 h under sunlight.

Biofabrication of silver nanoparticles employing biomolecules of Paraclostridium benzoelyticum strain: Its characterization and their in-vitro antibacterial, anti-aging, anti-cancer and other biomedical applications.

The current study aims to utilize the bacteria Paraclostridium benzoelyticum strain 5610 to synthesize bio-genic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Biogenic AgNPs were thoroughly examined using various characterization techniques such as UV-spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX. Synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-vis analysis resulting in absorption peak at 448.31 nm wavelength. The SEM analysis indicated the morphological characteristics and size of AgNPs which was 25.29 nm. The face centered cubic (FCC) crystallographic structure was confirmed by XRD. Furthermore, FTIR study affirmed the capping of AgNPs by different compounds found in biomass of the Paraclostridium benzoelyticum strain 5610. Later, EDX was used to determine the elemental composition with respective concentration and distribution. Additionally, in the current study the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-cancer ability of AgNPs was assessed. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was tested against four distinct sinusitis pathogens: Haemophilus in-fluenza, Streptococcus pyogenes, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumonia. AgNPs shows significant inhibition zone against Streptococcus pyogenes 16.64 ± 0.35 followed by 14.32 ± 071 for Moraxella catarrhalis. Similarly, the antioxidant potential was found maximum (68.37 ± 0.55%) at 400 μg/mL and decrease (5.48 ± 0.65%) at 25 μg/mL, hence the significant antioxidant ability was observed. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory activity of AgNPs shows the strongest inhibitory action (42.68 ± 0.62%) for 15-LOX with lowest inhibition activity for COX-2 (13.16 ± 0.46%). AgNPs have been shown to exhibit significant inhibitory actions against the enzyme elastases AGEs (66.25 ± 0.49%), which are followed by AGEs of visperlysine (63.27 ± 0.69%). Furthermore, the AgNPs show high toxicity against HepG2 cell line which shows 53.543% reduction in the cell viability after 24 h of treatment. The anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated a potent inhibitory effect of the bio-inspired AgNPs. Overall, the biogenic AgNPs have the ability to be served for the treatments of anti-aging and also due to their anti-cancer, antioxidant abilities NPs may be a useful therapy choice for a variety of disorders including cancer, bacterial infections and other inflammatory diseases. Moreover, further studies are required in the future to evaluate their in vivo biomedical applications. HIGHLIGHTS: Biogenic synthesis of AgNPs using Paraclostridium benzoelyticum Strain for the first time. FTIR analysis confirmed capping of potent biomolecules which are of great use in applied field especially Nanomedicines. Notable antimicrobial activity against sinusitis bacteria and cytotoxic potential of synthesized AgNPs on in vitro basis produce a new idea shifting us to treat cancerous cell lines.