Efficiency Evaluation and Characterization of Microbially, Phyto and Chemically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles

Abstract

The present research objectives involves the synthesis and characterization of microbially, Phyto- and chemically silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and evaluation the antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effect. Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized through Streptomyces clavuligerus and Curcuma extract in addition to chemical reduction method with trisodium citrate as reducing agent silver nitrate as the metal substrate. The syntheses of the silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of characterization revealed absorption peaks obtained at range from 217-222 nm for all AgNPs types. SEM photographs of biosynthesized AgNPs indicate a narrow size distribution with average 8 nm in ‎spherical with smooth surfaces‎ and serruond protein but, chemical AgNPs showed ‎ without serruond protein. Antibacterial activity of AgNPs was determined using agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginos. Results show similar significant antibacterial activity of microbial and Phyto- biosynthesized silver NPs. On the other hand, the chemically synthesized AgNPs recorded no activity against all tested pathogens. The cytotoxicity of AgNPs was tested in vitro on lung tissue fibroblast (WI-38) using MTT with various concentrations. The results recorded IC50 4.6, 1.25 and 2.18 µgml-1 for microbially, Phyto- and chemically AgNPs respectively. Almost all the microbial synthesis of silver nanoparticles exhibit the beast characteristics that qualify it for application in the pharmaceutical field due to its being the smallest in size, antimicrobial activity, and the less toxic on host cells.