Antiulcerogenic Activity Research Articles

Anti-Arthritic Activity of Sanguisorba Minor Subsp. Balearica Against “Freund’s Complete Adjuvant-Induced” Arthritis in Rats

Therapeutic properties of Sanguisorba L. genus plants are supported by numerous in vivo and in vitro studies showing the anti-viral, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-cancer, anti-acetylcholinesterase, radioprotective, anti-allergic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study was designed to investigate anti-arthritic activity of the “Sanguisorba minor subsp. balearica (Bourg. ex Nyman) Muñoz Garm. & C.Navarro” (Smb), a subspecies of Sanguisorba L. genus, on CFA-induced arthritic rat model. The extract of aerial parts of the Smb was obtained by the consecutive steps of maceration process. The phytochemical content of the extract was analyzed by the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced arthritic rats were used to examine the anti-arthritic activity of the plant extract. HPLC analysis revealed high amount of phenolic compounds in the Smb extract. The identified phenolics are ellagic acid, gallic acid, quercetin dehydrate and p-coumaric acid with the concentrations of 4,1288; 2,6342; 0,0871 and 0,0633 ppm, respectively. Injection of Smb extract to rats caused a decrease in paw thickness in the CFA-induced arthritic animals. The decrease in paw thicknesses of animals treated by quercetin and Smb 70 mg/kg groups was higher than diclofenac sodium group. Smb 34 mg/kg group also showed a decrease in paw thickness but it was lower compared to quercetin and Smb 70 mg/kg groups and higher than the diclofenac sodium group. According to the histopathological evaluations of the joint tissues, both 34 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg Smb extract treatment of animals were improved inflammatory deformations related to arthritis.

Characteristics of the antiulcerogenic activity of cryopreserved placenta extract in acute and chronic lesions of the stomach

To date, Ukraine has registered about 5 million patients with ulcer disease, and the market of drugs with proven anti-ulcer activity exceeds 500 names, but the problem of effective therapy is far from being solved. Cryoextract of the placenta attracted our attention as a new domestic biotechnological anti-ulcer agent.
 The purpose of the study. To characterize the antiulcer activity of cryoextract of human placenta in acute and chronic ulcerogenesis.
 Materials and methods. Studies of antiulcer activity were carried out on 56 male rats weighing 200–220 g in two stages: on the model of acute serotonin ulcerogenesis (28 rats) under the therapeutic and prophylactic regimen of placenta cryoextract and on the model of chronic acetic acid damage to the stomach (28 rats) under the therapeutic regimen application of the specified cryoextract.
 Results and discussion. The study showed that the therapeutic and prophylactic injection of the cryoextract of the placenta shows a pronounced antiulcer activity in the model of serotonin-induced gastric damage, which was indicated by a decrease in the ulcer index by 13.7 times compared to a similar indicator in the group of untreated animals and was 0.3 and 4, respectively. 1. Hemorrhagic lesions of the gastric mucosa occurred twice as often against the background of placenta cryoextract administration, respectively, against the background of esomeprazole administration – in 57.1% of rats, and against the background of placenta cryoextract administration – in 28.6% of rats. It was established that the investigated cryoextract has a cytoprotective effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach against the background of acetic acid damage. This was indicated by a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in the ulcer index by 30.0% compared to the indicators of untreated animals.
 Conclusions. It was established that the cryoextract of the human placenta has pronounced antiulcer activity both in acute and chronic experimental ulcerogenesis, which was indicated by a statistically significant decrease in erosions and ulcers of the gastric mucosa.

Chemistry and Pharmacology of Bergenin or Its Derivatives: A Promising Molecule

Bergenin is a glycosidic derivative of trihydroxybenzoic acid that was discovered in 1880 by Garreau and Machelart from the rhizomes of the medicinal plant Bergenia crassifolia (currently: Saxifraga crassifolia-Saxifragaceae), though was later isolated from several other plant sources. Since its first report, it has aroused interest because it has several pharmacological activities, mainly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. In addition to this, bergenin has shown potential antimalarial, antileishmanial, trypanocidal, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antinociceptive, antiarthritic, antiulcerogenic, antidiabetic/antiobesity, antiarrhythmic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and cardioprotective activities. Thus, this review aimed to describe the sources of isolation of bergenin and its in vitro and in vivo biological and pharmacological activities. Bergenin is distributed in many plant species (at least 112 species belonging to 34 families). Both its derivatives (natural and semisynthetic) and extracts with phytochemical proof of its highest concentration are well studied, and none of the studies showed cytotoxicity for healthy cells.

Molecular docking and In vivo gastroprotective effect of Salvia fruticosa

The present study was carried out to evaluate the interaction analysis and antiulcerogenic activity of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Salvia fruticosa leaves against ethanol induced gastric ulceration. Phytochemical and acute toxicity studies were carried out with standard methods. The docking studies performed using the CHARMm algorithm between 6YLU and phytoconstituent. Ulcers are induced in rats by administration of ethanol (1ml/kg, p.o.). One hour prior to ethanol administration, the various groups are treated with Salvia fruticosa extract (250 and 500mg/kg) and standard ranitidine (200mg/kg). A phytochemical study, shows the presence of various phytochemical constituents, while acute toxicity studies found no sign of toxicity. Results of docking studies showed two molecules rosmerinic acid (-54.1556kcal/mol) and stearic acid (-45.8874kcal/mol) showed higher affinity than standard drug. Treatment with extract at dose of 250 and 500mg/kg showed significant reduction in the ulcer score and ulcerative index, when compared to the standard drug Ranitidine.

Antioxidant Mechanisms Underlying the Gastroprotective Effect of Menthofuran on Experimentally Induced Gastric Lesions in Rodents.

Menthofuran is a monoterpene present in various essential oils derived from species from Mentha genus, and in Brazil, those species are widely used in treating gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. Considering the wide pharmacological potential of monoterpenes, including their antioxidant activity, this study aimed to evaluate menthofuran-gastroprotective activity, as well as the involvement of antioxidant mechanisms in this effect. The acute toxicity was evaluated according to the fixed dose method. The antiulcerogenic activity was investigated by using experimental models of gastric ulcers induced by ethanol, indomethacin, and ischemia/reperfusion in rats. The antisecretory gastric activity, the catalase activity, and the gastric wall mucus were determined in pylorus ligated rats. Gastric wall nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) group content, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were evaluated in ethanol-induced the gastric ulcer model. Menthofuran (2 g/kg) presented low acute toxicity and showed gastroprotective activity against ethanol-, indomethacin-, and ischemia/reperfusion-induced ulcers. Moreover, menthofuran presented antisecretory activity, reduced the total acidity, and increased pH of gastric secretion. On the other hand, a decrease in mucus content of gastric wall without alteration of gastric juice volume and catalase activity was observed. Interestingly, menthofuran increased NPSH levels and reduced MDA levels and MPO activity. Gastroprotective effects of menthofuran appear to be mediated, at least in part, by the NOS pathway, endogenous prostaglandins, reduced gastric juice acidity, increased concentration of the NPSH groups, and reduced lipidic peroxidation. These findings support the menthofuran as an effective gastroprotective agent, as well as the marked participation of antioxidant mechanisms in this response.

Antiulcerogenic activities of Heterotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Jacq. Fel extract and fractions and their phytochemical constituents

Antiulcerogenic activities of Heterotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Jacq. Fel extract and fractions and their phytochemical constituents

Comparative evaluation of antiulcerogenic action of cryopreserved placenta extract under different modes of introduction

Comparative evaluation of antiulcerogenic action of cryopreserved placenta extract under different modes of introduction

Therapeutic Potency of Ovothiol A on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Wistar Rats.

Peptic ulcer is a widespread disease, with a lifetime frequency of 5−10% among the general population and an annual incidence of 0.1−0.3%. Ovothiol A is naturally produced from sea urchin eggs with special antioxidant activity. Gastric ulcers were induced in rats by a single ethanol dose (5 mL/kg). The rats were divided into control, ulcer, and ulcer with 250 and 500 mg/kg ovothiol A doses. Molecular docking studies were used to examine the interactions between ovothiol A and the H+/K+ ATPase active site residues. Ovothiol A led to a significant decline (p < 0.05) in gastric juice volume, ulcer index, MDA, IL-6, and cytochrome c, while levels of gastric juice pH, GSH, CAT, GST, SOD, and NO increased. Histopathological investigation of stomach sections revealed architecture preservation of the gastric mucosa after ovothiol A administration. The anti-ulcerogenic activity of ovothiol A includes scavenging free radicals, inhibition of inflammation, regulation of apoptosis, and stabilization of fibroblast growth factors to promote gastric ulcers healing.

Production of a microemulsion of American genipa l. (rubiacea) bark extract and the antioxidant and antiparasitic activities

Genipa americana L. is a plant native to the Americas, popularly known in Brazil as Jenipapeiro, and is chemically characterized by the presence of genipin, which has pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. The bark is used for its antiulcerogenic and antidiarrheal activities. Research developed for chemical knowledge have shown the plant is of interest for the production of efficient drugs such as antioxidants and antimicrobials. Free-living parasites, including those of the genus Acanthamoeba, have aroused interest and the study of plants used in folk medicine is a strategy for the discovery of conventional treatments to the infections caused by this parasite to be used pure or in preparations such as microemulsions (ME), which offer advantages related to the release of drugs and the absorption of the active ingredient. The aim of the study was to evaluate antiparasitic and antioxidant activities as well as to obtain a ME from the hydroethanolic extract (HEE) of G. americana. The DPPH free radical reduction method was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of HEE, which showed an inhibition percentage (PI) of 47.82%. The antiparasitic activity of the HEE using A. castellanii trophozoites showed a PI of 80% at the highest concentration tested (9 mg mL-1). The ME containing 10% HEE was characterized for its droplet size (18.33 µm), pH (5.68) and polydispersity index (0.19). Therefore, the HEE presented antioxidant and antiparasitic effects, while its microemulsion showed potential to disperse particles.

Metabolomics approach of Symphyotrichum squamatum ethanol extract and its nano-Ag formulation protective effect on gastric ulcer via bio-chemical and pathological analyses

Context Gastric ulcer (GU) a widely distributed ailment is associated with many causes, including alcohol consumption. Materials and Methods Chemical profiling of Symphyotrichum squamatum ethanol extract (SSEE) was established via ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-qTOF-MS) and employed in a silver nano-formulation (SSEE-N-Ag). SSEE and SSEE-N-Ag antiulcer activities were estimated against ethanol-induced rats by biochemical, histological, and metabolomics assessments. Reduced glutathione, total antioxidant capacity and prostaglandin E2 levels and gastric mucosa histopathological examination were analysed. The rats’ metabolome changing alongside action pathways were elucidated via metabolite profile coupled to multivariate data analysis. Results UPLC-MS profiling of SSEE identified 75 components belonging to various classes. Compared with control, EtOH-treated rats showed decreased of tissue GSH, TAC and PGE2 by 62.32%, 51.85% and 47.03% respectively. SSEE and SSEE-N-Ag administration mitigated biochemical and histopathological alterations. Serum metabolomics analysis revealed for changes in several low molecular weight metabolites with ulcer development. These metabolites levels were restored to normal post-administration of SSEE-N-Ag. SSEE-N-Ag as mediated via modulating numerous metabolic pathways such as lipids, pyrimidine, energy metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signalling. This study provides novel insight for metabolic mechanisms underlying gastric ulcer relieving effect. Conclusion Present results revealed potential antiulcer effect of SSEE and SSEE-N-Ag by decreasing ulcer-associated syndromes, supporting their anti-ulcerogenic action.

Antiulcerogenic and healing activity of hecogenin acetate in rodents.

Peptic ulcers are lesions in the gastric and duodenal mucosa generated by an imbalance between protective factors (gastroduodenal mucus secretion, bicarbonate production, adequate blood flow) and harmful factors (excess pepsin or hydrochloric acid). Some drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy are associated with adverse effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiulcerogenic and healing activity of hecogenin acetate (HA) in acute and chronic models of gastric lesions in rodents. The antiulcerogenic activity of HA was evaluated in models of gastric lesions induced by absolute ethanol and in acidified ethanol with HA (5, 10, and 20mg/kg). For the model of gastric lesions induced by ischemia and reperfusion, rats were pre-treated with HA (5, 10, 20mg/kg). After that, they were submitted to 30min of ischemia, followed by 1h of reperfusion. To evaluate the healing activity was induced gastric ulcer using acetic acid (80%) in rats. After 24h, they were treated for 7 consecutive days with HA (10 and 20mg/kg). They were evaluated the possible signs of toxicity, measurement of the lesions, collagen deposition, and histological analysis. HA significantly reduced the area of the lesion in models of gastric lesions induced by absolute and acidified ethanol, ischemia-induced gastric lesions and reperfusion, and regarding healing. In the collagen deposition, the presence and increase of collagen demonstrate the healing effect. The AH has antiulcerogenic and healing potential demonstrated by the decrease in gastric injury and presence of collagen fibers, respectively.

Hemidesmus indicus var. Pubescens Root Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-induced Ethanol Augmented Ulcerative Colitis in Rats

Abstract: Aim: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, idiopathic, inflammatory condition of the colon. Studies have indicated that Hemidesmus indicus var. pubescens root extract possess antioxidant and antiulcerogenic activity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Hemidesmus indicus var. pubescens aqueous root extract in Dextran Sodium Sulfate induced, ethanol augmented ulcerative colitis in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods:The animals were administered with 2% Dextran Sodium Sulfate for 3 consecutive days orally followed by intracolonic instillation of 30% ethanol on 4th day. These animals were randomly divided into 4 groups viz.: Disease, Low dose extract -200 mg/kg, High dose extract -400 mg/kg and Sulfasalazine-500 mg/kg while healthy, untreated rats were assigned as the normal control group. Treatment with the extract and the standard was initiated on day 5, continued throughout the study period of 21 days. The effect of extract on Ulcerative Colitis was determined by evaluating haematological parameters, disease activity index, ulcer index, colon and spleen weight, biochemical parameters (malonaldehyde, glutathione, Catalase) and histopathological studies. Results: Animals treated orally with extract showed a reduction in Disease activity Index and Ulcer Index compared to disease control. Moreover, a significant decrease (p<0.01) in malonaldehyde and a significant increase (p<0.01) in catalase and glutathione levels compared to the disease group were also observed. Histopathological examination also showed augmentation of colonic architecture on treatment with extract, all of which confirmed the protective effect of extract against Dextran Sodium Sulfate- ethanol-induced Ulcerative Colitis. Conclusion: These results suggest that Hemidesmus indicusvar. pubescens root was able to attenuate Dextran Sodium Sulfate induced ethanol augmented ulcerative colitis indicating its anti-ulcerative colitis effects. Key words: Dextran Sodium Sulphate – Ethanol, Hemidesmus indicus var. pubescens,Indian sarasaparilla,Ulcerative colitis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Emblica officinalis medicinal plants

The herbal medicine is in the great demand in the developed as well as developing countries for primary health care because of their large biological activities, higher safety margin and lesser cost. one of the common traditional herbal drugs is Emblica officinalis, commonly known as Amla, is a member of a small genus Emblica (Euphorbiaceae). The earlier study has demonstrated potent anti-microbial, adaptogenic, hepatoprotective, anti-tumour and anti-ulcerogenic activities in the fruits of Emblica officinalis. Leaf extracts have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity. vitamin C, tannins and flavonoids present in amla have very powerful antioxidant activity. Due to rich in vitamin C amla is successfully use in the treatment of human scurvy. The extracts from various parts of E. officinalis, especially fruit, contain numerous phytoconstituents viz. higher amount of polyphenols like gallic acid, ellagic acid, different tannins, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, fixed oils, and flavonoids like rutin and quercetin. The extract or plant is identified to be efficacious against diversified ailments like inflammation, cancer, osteoporosis, neurological disorders, hypertension together with lifestyle diseases, parasitic and other infectious disorders.

2-Substituted Benzoxazoles as Potent Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Synthesis, Molecular Docking and In vivo Anti-Ulcerogenic Studies.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the commonly used therapeutic interventions of inflammation and pain that competitively inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Several side effects like gastrointestinal and renal toxicities are associated with the use of these drugs. The therapeutic anti-inflammatory benefits of NSAIDs are produced by the inhibition of COX-2 enzymes, while undesirable side effects arise from the inhibition of COX-1 enzymes. In the present study, a new series of 2-substituted benzoxazole derivatives 2(a-f) and 3(ae) were synthesized in our lab as potent anti-inflammatory agents with outstanding gastro-protective potential. The new analogs 2(a-f) and 3(a-e) were designed depending upon the literature review to serve as ligands for the development of selective COX-2 inhibitors. The synthesized analogs were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR) and elemental analysis. All synthesized compounds were screened for their binding potential in the protein pocket of COX-2 and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory potential in animals using the carrageenan-induced paw edema method. Further 5 compounds were selected to assess the in vivo anti-ulcerogenic activity in an ethanol-induced anti-ulcer rat model. Five compounds (2a, 2b, 3a, 3b and 3c) exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity and significant binding potential in the COX-2 protein pocket. Similarly, these five compounds demonstrated a significant gastro-protective effect (**p<0.01) in comparison to the standard drug, Omeprazole. Depending upon our results, we hypothesize that 2-substituted benzoxazole derivatives have excellent potential to serve as candidates for the development of selective anti-inflammatory agents (COX-2 inhibitors). However, further assessments are required to delineate their underlying mechanisms.

Synthesis, antiinflammatory evaluation and docking analysis of some novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives

In the present study, novel series of 5-{[4-(acetylamino) phenoxy] methyl}-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl-sulfanyl-N-substituted-2-acetamide/2-propanamide/3-propanamide derivatives (8a to 8c, 9a to 9c and 10a to 10c) have been synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds have been tested for their anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic activities in vivo. Among the present series the compound 8c is found to be most active against inflammation with inhibition of 65.34% and has been observed to be safe ulcerogenically. It is observed that introduction of an asymmetric centre near the sulfur atom decreases the activity. Molecular docking simulations have been carried out for the compounds. Structures from all the series fit into the active site of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme with least binding energies and exhibit favorable binding interactions required for the selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase- 2.

Evaluation of Gastro-protective Activity of Red-cabbage Against Indomethacin Induced Ulcer in Rats

Background and objective: The red cabbage (Brassica oleracea Linn var. capitata) is a leafy green biennial plant that contains beta-carotene, vitamin C and fibre. It is used in cooking for its nutritional value and has known anti-inflammatory activity.This study compared the antiulcerogenic activity of Aqueous Extract of Brassica (AEB) oleracea var. capitata with Misoprostol.Materials and Method: Acute gastric ulcers were induced in albino rats by the oral administration of indomethacin. The gastroprotective potential of the AEB(250,500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight) was compared with Misoprostol (100?g/kg body weight). Results:A significant reduction in the mean number of lesions was observed in high dose AEB (0.83 +/- 0.75) compared with indomethacin (4.00 +/- 1.26). Mean number of lesions were similar in misoprostol groups (1.50 +/- 0.55) and medium dose AEB (1.77 +/- 0.41).No significant reduction in the mean number of lesions was observed in low dose AEB (3.00 +/- 0.63) compared with indomethacin (4.00 +/- 1.26). Inhibition percentage was maximum in high dose AEB (97.71%) and minimum in low dose AEB (28.08%).Conclusions: The AEB demonstrated good antiulcerogenic activities which justify the inclusion of this plant in the management of gastric disorders. Further experiments are underway to determine which anti-ulcer mechanisms involved in gastroprotection.

Study of the gastroprotective action and healing effects of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) against acidified ethanol- and acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats / Estudo da acção gastroprotectora e dos efeitos curativos de Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) contra úlceras gástricas induzidas por etanol acidificado e ácido acético em ratos

Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (Crassulaceae) is a commonly used species in traditional medicine in Brazil for the treatment of various diseases, including gastric ulcers. This research aims to evaluate the antiulcer aspects of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves. The LD50 value of the hydroethanolic extract (HE) of K. pinnata was 1341.46 mg/kg, after the in vitro cytotoxicity assay. In the phytochemical analysis, several flavonoids were identified in the HE and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of K. pinnata. It was verified that the gastroprotective activity of the HE of K. pinnata involved prostaglandins and sulfhydryl compounds. However, the mechanism of gastroprotection of the EAF of K. pinnata is dependent on prostaglandins and nitric oxide. The ulcer healing activity of the HE of K. pinnata was also evaluated. According to the macroscopic results, doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg reduced the injury area, with rates of 33% and 39%, respectively, after 7 days of treatment (p &lt;0.05). Histological analysis showed regeneration of the gastric mucosa and re-establishment of the glandular architecture in groups treated with the HE (200 and 400 mg/kg). Antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GPx) were evaluated in the mechanism of gastric ulcer healing. The results showed that the antiulcerogenic activity was mediated by SOD. The anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was also evaluated; however, the HE did not show anti-H. pylori activity. Analysis of the results suggests that K. pinnata has therapeutic potential against gastric ulcers and that the flavonoids may be linked to the biological effects.

Ethnobotanical Uses, Chemical Constituents, and Application of Plantago lanceolata L.

The medicinal benefits of P. lanceolata L. have been acknowledged worldwide for hundreds of years. The plant is now distributed worldwide, especially in temperate zones. This review gives an overview of ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and other potential application of P. lanceolate L. Several effective chemical constituents such as polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, iridoid glycosides, fatty acids, and polysaccharides are found in P. lanceolata L., which contribute to its exerting specific therapeutic effects. Correspondingly, studies have found that P. lanceolata L. has different biological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antiulcerogenic activity. The plant also treats various diseases related to the skin, respiratory organs, digestive organs, reproduction, circulation, cancer, pain relief, and infections. The plant has many applications in cosmetics such as lotion and creams; it is also used as an excellent indicator to know the presence and absence of heavy metals and the accumulation in industrial and urban areas. The plant suppresses soil nitrogen mineralization in agriculture due to allelochemicals such as aucubin. The biological activities, medicinal properties, and industrial application of P. lanceolata mainly depend on the activities of the responsible, active chemical constituents. However, this field still needs more study to determine the exact mechanisms and the main bioactive compound activity accountable for these activities. Also, most of the studies have been performed in vitro, so further in vivo studies are recommended for the future.

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SALVADORA PERSICA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS TRADITIONAL USES – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Salvadora persica (Salvadoraceae) also known as miswak, pelu, meethi jaal and kharijaal, is an ethno-medicinal plant which grows in Middle East, tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Asia extending up to China and Japan.&#x0D; Objectives: This study is designed to document a complete profile of the plant which is previously published.&#x0D; Methodology: The articles published between the duration of 2002-2021 were reviewed with the help of different databases&#x0D; Results: In traditional medicine, the stems, branches, leaves, seeds and roots of Salvadora persica are used for oral hygiene, as carminative, astringent, diuretic, analgesic, antitussive, against toothache, skin diseases, rheumatism, scurvy, piles, and hepatic disorders. It is an evergreen shrub that exhibits pharmacological effects such ashypoglycemic effects, anti-bacterial activity, anti-oxidant activity, anti-ulcerogenic activity, anti-caries effect, hypo-cholestremia effect, anti-fungal activity and anti-depressant activity. There are various phytochemicals present in Salvadora persica which are biologically active. These phyto-constituents are volatile oils, piperidine derivatives, terpenoids, fixed oils, steroids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and organic acids.The present review offers a detailed survey on literature highlighting the traditional, pharmacognostic and pharmacological uses of Salvadora persica.&#x0D; Conclusion: The plant has many important therapeutic activities further research is needed to ensure safety and efficacy

ANTI-ULCER ACTIVITY OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF SARACA ASOCA STEM BARK IN RATS

In the present study effort has been made to establish the antiulcer activity of Saraca asoca (Roxb.), De Wild (family-Caesalpinaceae) stem bark hydroalcoholic-extract using ethanol induced ulceration model in albino rats, because no systematic study has been reported for its antiulcer activity. The effect of hydro-alcoholic extract (60:40) of S. asoca bark was investigated by carrying out an acute toxicity study in albino rats to evaluate the antiulcerogenic activity by using ethanol induced gastric ulcer model compared with omeprazole as standard drug. The preliminary photochemical screening of this medicinal plant identified the presence of important secondary metabolites like flavonoids and tannins. Acute toxicity study did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats. Oral administration of absolute ethanol (99.5 %, 5 mL kg -1, p.o.) produced significant ulcers index (41.00 ± 1.75) in the control group. Standard drug omeprazole (40 mL kg -1, p.o.) produced ulcer index (12.17 ± 0.74). Ulcer index (24.17 ± 1.40) is significantly (p&lt;0.001) protected by hydro-alcoholic extract of S. asoca (stem bark) at a dose of 200 mL kg -1, p.o. The present finding suggests that hydro-alcoholic extract of S. asoca (stem bark) promotes ulcer protection activity.