Few-layer of phosphorene is considered to be a promising sensing material due to its unique structure and extraordinary physiochemical properties. However, further applications are extremely restricted due to chemical degradation of phosphorene nanosheets in ambient oxygen and moisture. Here, we prepared anthraquinone (AQ) nanowire decorated phosphorene (AQNW-P) through anti-solvent crystallization of AQ during liquid exfoliation of black phosphorus and demonstrated that the sensing stability of AQNW-P significantly improved compared with bare phosphorene (bare-P). Interestingly, a remarkable sensitivity increase was observed for AQNW-P during aging. An enhancement mechanism for the sensitivity increase based on oxygen defects was proposed and further validated by the experimental characterization of the surface chemical state. The sensing performance of AQNW-P was experimentally investigated and compared with that of bare-P and other widely investigated two-dimensional materials including graphene and MXene, and the results demonstrated that AQNW-P is superior in all aspects including sensitivity, selectivity and sensing speed. These findings could guide future exploration in extending the stability of phosphorene-based sensing platform and provide a comprehensive understanding of the sensing behavior of phosphorene or its derivative onto aging.