Anti-ship Missile Research Articles

A method to compute detection range for electro optical transducers used for anti-ship missiles guidance

In this paper we briefly present a method to compute detection range for electro optical transducers used for naval missiles guidance.

Error Analysis Study on the Veering of Marine Target and the Midcourse Guidance of Anti-ship Missile

This paper presents the results of new error analysis on the veering of marine target with the concept of frequency of occurrence, and shows how to apply the midcourse guidance errors of anti-ship missile. The veering error would be a dominant factor in the midcourse guidance errors with flight time increase. This study suggests the reasonable application method of the veering error based on the characteristics of abnormal error, and describes the tailoring method including trade-off between the midcourse guidance range of veering target and the value of frequency of occurrence on veering error. Keywords: 변침 오차, 발생 빈도, 중기 ìœ ë„, 상시 오차, 비상시 오차, í Œì¼ëŸ¬ë§, ì ˆì¶© Keywords: Veering Error, Frequency of Occurrence, Midcourse Guidance, Normal Error, Abnormal Error, Tailoring, Trade-off

Task Assignment for Deploying Unmanned Aircraft as Decoys

This paper proposes a task assignment based on auction algorithm for a decoy mission using multiple UAVs which can hover against anti-ship missiles. An optimal deployment direction of decoys are also decided based on the cost function that is calculated with the expected signal power of a seeker and decoy, the distance between them, and fuel availability of the decoys. A simple kinematics is considered to generate two-dimensional motions of anti-ship missiles and a target ship. Numerical simulations are conducted under a visualization environment and validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. A parametric study is also conducted for the decoy mission with multiple missiles and decoys. Lastly, non-linear simulations for ducted fan Unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAVs) are performed to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed high-level task assignment comment for the decoy mission.

OBSCURANT AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SCREENING SMOKE COMPOSITIONS USED IN NAVAL SHIPS

Obscurant and optronic decoy compositions are the pyrotechnic formulations that are an effective way to protect naval ships from optical guided missile seekers. In this work, the obscurant characteristics (i.e. the transmittance and the extinction coefficient) and the infrared emission characteristics (i.e. the infrared emission distribution and the radiance) of the obscurant and optronic decoy compositions were described. The results showed that the obscurant cloud made from the mixture of red phosphorus, Ba(NO3)2 and Viton rubber has a low transmittance, high extinction coefficient with 1.06 µm laser and strong infrared emission in the wavelength range of 8.0 to 14.0 µm. On the other hand, the infrared emission radiance (in the wavelength range of 2.5 to 5.0 µm) of the optronic decoy composition based on Mg-Al, hexachloroethane and Viton rubber reaches maximum values (i.e. 17.77E-3 W.cm-2.Sr-1) at about 17 wt% Mg-Al. Finally, the above obscurant and optronic decoy compositions can be used combination in naval ships against the anti-ship missile.

A New Cooperative Homing Guidance of Anti-ship Missiles for Survivability Enhancement

This paper proposes a new cooperative homing guidance to enhance the survivability of multiple anti-ship missiles against a high-value target such a frigate or a battleship when prior information on the target is unknown. In this paper, the survivability enhancement for the multiple anti-ship missiles against the battleship with no preliminary information on its current heading direction and weak spot is realized by satisfying relative intercept angle constraints between the neighboring missiles. To this end, a one-to-one guidance law providing zero-miss-distance and the desired intercept angle is extended to a multi-to-one engagement case, under the explicit cooperation concept. To be more specific, for a set of the one-to-one guidance laws, a cooperative way to determine a set of the desired intercept angles among the multiple missiles is developed. In the proposed method, the set of the desired intercept angles are selected to satisfy the pre-determined relative angle constraints for enhancing the survivability of the anti-ship missiles as well as to minimize the overall control energy for further increasing the mission success rate. Numerical simulations confirm the performance of the proposed method.

Перспективи розвитку берегових ракетно-артилерійських військ Військово-Морських Сил, озброєних береговими рухомими протикорабельними ракетними комплексами

The main condition of an effective response to threats to the national security ofUkrainein the military sphere, the protection of its sovereignty and territorial integrity at sea, is the possibility of fulfilling the basic tasks regarding the defense of the sea coast, naval bases and military-civil coastal infrastructure to ensuring its economic interests in and near territorial waters. Actual tasks on this issue are consideration of promising ways of development of coastal missile and artillery troops of the Navy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine armed with coastal mobile anti-ship missile systems. Currently, the Naval Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are not able to withstand the aggressor country on the sea, due to they do not have anti-ship missiles. The situation requires a review and adjustment of the priorities of the development of the Navy and the consideration of anti-ship missiles as well as self-propelled launchers as part of coastal mobile anti-ship missile systems. At the same time, recently designed by Kyiv State Design Bureau the new anti-ship cruise missile “NEPTUNE” makes it possible to solve the tasks listed above by using the modernized base of the “RUBEZH” coastal mobile anti-ship missile system.Neptuneis structurally located in a transport launch container and can be produced in a variant of sea, air or land-based. It is advisable to devote further research in this area to the development of a mathematical model and its use to justify the promising composition of coastal missile and artillery troops with promising armaments of the Navy. The information presented in this paper would be appropriate to use when substantiating the development, acquisition of capabilities and combat effectiveness of coastal missile and artillery troops of the Naval Forces of Ukraine.

Simulation on Terminal Penetration Trajectory of Anti-ship Missile under Interception Conditions

When the anti-ship missile is attacked by the enemy's anti-aircraft missile, in order to compare the penetration effect of the anti-ship missile with snake maneuver and without end maneuver, the model of the anti-ship missile against the ship-to-air missile is established. In the background of interception and confrontation, the model considers the influence of many factors on the anti-ship missile, including interference, modeling error, sea condition, uncertainty, etc. At the same time, it also considers the forward angle constraint and dead zone constraint of the ship-to-air missile. Based on this model, the terminal penetration trajectory of anti-ship missile is simulated under different interception conditions. The simulation results show that the penetration effect of the anti-ship missile with longitudinal snake-like maneuver is the best, followed by the anti-ship missile with heading snake-like maneuver, and the penetration effect of the anti-ship missile without terminal maneuver is the worst

The effect of the underlying sea surface on the angular measurements of the radar homing head

For the first time, based on the results of anti-aircraft missile launches against anti-ship missiles flying low over the sea surface, an attempt was made to build a model of the effect of the underlying sea surface on the angular measurements of an active radar homing head. The factor determining this effect is revealed, and it is shown that this factor determines the accuracy of homing, i.e. it is the determining factor.

A Novel Effectiveness Evaluation Method Based on Simultaneous Probabilistic Finite-State Machines

To reflect the influence of diverse battlefield information to the operational effectiveness (OE) of weapon systems, this article gives a novel evaluation method. The method is based on a set of simultaneous probabilistic finite-state machines (SPFSMs). It can evaluate the OE of the whole system and subeffectiveness of subsystems simultaneously. This makes it convenient to analyze the main OE influencing factors and to provide effectiveness improvement plans. To achieve this, the traditional probabilistic finite-state machine (PFSM) model of the whole system is decomposed into a set of PFSM models of subsystems. This makes it possible to consider more influencing factors of both friendly and hostile forces, without a sharp increase in the model size. To make the method applicable universally, this article proposes a complete theoretical system of SPFSM sets, including the definition and properties. And to reflect the random property of system inputs, a set of input probabilities is added to traditional PFSM definitions. Based on this theory, this article gives concrete OE evaluation methods and steps. A simulation example of an antiship missile is given and analyzed to demonstrate the utility of the proposed method.

Prediction of Point of impact of anti-ship missile — An approach combining target geometic features, circular error probable (CEP) and laser fuze

In attacking a large ship such as an aircraft carrier, if the fuze is able to estimate the point of impact (POI) of the anti-ship missile at the end of the trajectory in real time, combined with the POI to control the different standoff, the damage effect can be effectively improved. Given that the sea surface and the deck have different reflectivity when irradiated by a laser with a wavelength of1.06μm, this paper proposes a method for predicting the POI of an anti-ship missile by making use of known typical target geometic features, CEP and laser fuze detection information. Firstly the reflection characteristics of the sea surface and the deck were tested at a wavelength of 1.06μm and the experiment proved that the reflectivity of the sea surface and the deck are significantly different. On this basis, the geometric features model of a typical target and the ideal missile-target distance model were established, and the missile-target distance model in consideration of CEP was further derived. Combined with the target geometric features, CEP and the detection information of the four-way laser detection device, Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the prediction of POI of the anti-ship missile. The simulation results show that the method can effectively predict POI of the anti-ship missile. It was also shown that the POI prediction accuracy of the anti-ship missile can be effectively improved by analyzing the detection information of the multiple ballistic experience points of the anti-ship missile, and the uncertainty of POI prediction can be reduced.

Research on Clustering Method of Airborne Threat Target Based on Density

In the ship Anti-air warfare defense, situation analysis is an important auxiliary information for combat command. Anti-ship missiles are the main source of airborne threats to ships, not only in terms of speed, but also in the form of missile groups. Based on the improved DBSCAN algorithm, this paper proposes a density-based clustering algorithm. By filtering the input target attributes and optimizing the distance algorithm and the distance radius value, the missile target group can be effectively improved. Based on the identified target group, the situation analysis is further carried out, and the target group attribute calculation method and threat assessment method are proposed to provide support for the operational command.

Bi‐objective missile rescheduling for a naval task group with dynamic disruptions

AbstractThis paper considers the rescheduling of surface‐to‐air missiles (SAMs) for a naval task group (TG), where a set of SAMs have already been scheduled to intercept a set of anti‐ship missiles (ASMs). In missile defense, the initial engagement schedule is developed according to the initial state of the defensive and attacking units. However, unforeseen events may arise during the engagement, creating a dynamic environment to be handled, and making the initial schedule infeasible or inefficient. In this study, the initial engagement schedule of a TG is assumed to be disrupted by the occurrence of a destroyed ASM, the breakdown of a SAM system, or an incoming new target ASM. To produce an updated schedule, a new biobjective mathematical model is formulated that maximizes the no‐leaker probability value for the TG and minimizes the total deviation from the initial schedule. With the problem shown to be NP‐hard, some special cases are presented that can be solved in polynomial time. We solve small size problems by the augmented ϵ‐constraint method and propose heuristic procedures to generate a set of nondominated solutions for larger problems. The results are presented for different size problems and the total effectiveness of the model is evaluated.

Generation Method of Air Defense Missile Weapon Interception Scheme

The research on the generation method of the anti-aircraft missile interception scheme before the war can lay the foundation for the rational allocation of the next air defense missile. In this paper, the clustering algorithm based on fuzzy C-means is used to cluster anti-ship missiles. Based on this, the number of anti-aircraft missiles launched during the first interception is determined. Then, by analyzing the depth of the launching area and the interception process, the number of interception of each layer of air defense missiles in the air defense interception operation is calculated. Finally, the anti-aircraft interception scheme that can achieve the expected damage probability of anti-ship missiles can be solved. The case is verified by the case that the calculation efficiency is relatively high and has certain application value.

Path Planning of Anti ship Missile based on Voronoi Diagram and Binary Tree Algorithm

The path planning of anti-ship missile should be considered both cruising in safety and striking in quick, which is an intractable problem. In particular, it is difficult to consider the safety of each missile path in the path planning of multiple missiles. To solve this problem, the “AREA Algorithm” is presented to divide the relative relations of areas：relative security area of the threat areas and fast-attack area of target approaching. Specifically，it is a way to achieve area division through the relationship between the target and the center of the operational area. The Voronoi diagram topology network, Dijkstra algorithm and binary tree algorithm have been used in the above process as well. Finally, Simulations have verified the feasibility and obvious advantages of “AREA Algorithm” compared with the single algorithm, and the tactical meaning in path planning of multiple missiles.

Application of Interactive Multiple Model Adaptive Five-Degree Cubature Kalman Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Logic in Target Tracking

Aiming at the shortcomings of low precision, hysteresis, and poor robustness of the general interactive multimodel algorithm in the “snake-like” maneuver tracking of anti-ship missiles, an interactive multimodel adaptive five-degree cubature Kalman algorithm based on fuzzy logic (FLIMM5ACKF) is proposed. The algorithm mainly includes adaptive five-degree cubature Kalman algorithm (A5CKF) and fuzzy logic algorithm (FL). A5CKF uses the Sage–Husa noise estimation principle to propose a state error covariance adaptive five-degree cubature Kalman algorithm to improve the performance of state estimation. Then, the fuzzy logic algorithm (FL) is added to the model probability update module to control the model probability update module. Finally, by setting the same tracking model simulation analysis, the algorithm has better convergence speed, tracking effect and robustness than the interactive multimodel cubature Kalman algorithm (IMMCKF), the interactive multimodel five-degree cubature Kalman algorithm (IMM5CKF) and the interactive multimodel adaptive five-degree cubature Kalman (IMMA5CKF).

Flying Means of Attack of Ships, Possible to Be Used by a Potential Enemy—Analysis of the Threats for Ships the Polish Navy

Abstract The article presents the analysis of the threats to Polish Navy ships resulting from the development by the Baltic Sea countries of missile systems or turbojet missiles. The most popular varieties and types of missiles that could be used against Polish Navy vessels were described and classified taking into account mainly the potential of the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Federation (BF FR), as well as an analysis of the latest global trends in the area of counteracting these missiles. The article presents the conclusions drawn from exemplary simulations of the attack of modern anti-ship missiles. The article also contains references to the ways of determining the probability of avoiding a rocket attack and the measure of the effectiveness of self-defence of attacked ships. The work contains conclusions regarding desirable traits from the systems of self-defence of ships on the modern battlefield with particular emphasis on the character of the Polish Navy. The article presents an analysis of the threats to ships of the Polish Navy, resulting from the development in the Baltic Sea countries, missile/turbojet anti-ship systems. Were described and classified most popular varieties and types of missiles applicable to fight Polish Navy ships and described latest global trends counteracted against these missiles. The article presents the conclusions drawn from exemplary simulations of the attack of modern anti-ship missiles. The article also contains references to the ways of determining the probability of avoiding a rocket attack and the measure of the effectiveness of self-defence of attacked ships. The work contains conclusions regarding desirable traits from the systems of self-defence of ships on the modern battlefield, with particular emphasis on the nature of the Polish Navy.

Impact Angle Control Law with Sinusoidal Evasive Maneuver for Survivability Enhancement

In this paper, a new guidance law to enhance the survivability of anti-ship missiles against anti-air threats is presented. Sinusoidal maneuver acceleration is considered as a feed-forward input to a first-order lag system dynamics on the plane. Subject to this system dynamics a planar optimal guidance law for a stationary target is then derived to achieve zero miss distance and a specified impact angle while minimizing the control effort. By independent application of this planar law for homing guidance on the vertical and the horizontal plane, three-dimensional evasive guidance is easily synthesized. The phase difference as well as the magnitude and frequency of the sinusoidal acceleration inputs for the vertical and the horizontal guidance is the design parameter to shape the three-dimensional spiral or barrel-roll evasive maneuver pattern. Enhanced survivability with the proposed law against anti-air missiles is verified via numerical simulations.

A Method of Maneuver Detection Based on Multi-step Innovation

One way to improve the processing capability for high-speed mobile anti-ship missiles is to improve the target data tracking rate, so that the Fire Control System can obtain more target information, but the improvement of the data sampling rate will reduce the signal - to - noise ratio of single - step window measurement by the traditional maneuver detection algorithm. In this paper, a maneuver detection algorithm based on multi - step prediction is proposed. The algorithm uses the current measurement value and the multi - step prediction value information, and uses the maneuver detection method based on attenuation memory. Through the simulation calculation method, the relationship between the minimum maneuver detection delay time and the attenuation coefficient, and the prediction step are given. At the same time, the method can also effectively reduce the detection of false alarm rate.

Experimental study on the combined damage of multi-layered composite structures subjected to close-range explosion of simulated warheads

The main function of the protective bulkhead of a combatant ship is to protect the cabin from being destroyed by anti-ship missiles, which usually invade the interior and explode at close-range, resulting in the combined shock wave and fragment damage on the structures. This paper presents a design for a protective bulkhead in the form of a multi-layered composite structure, which consists of a front plate, front aerogel felt, anti-penetration layer, back aerogel felt, and back plate. Hemispherical-nosed warheads were manufactured and then used to simulate the warhead of semi-armor-piercing anti-ship missiles. The damages sustained by the multi-layered composite structures are investigated experimentally, along with its protective capability after being subjected to close-range explosions of simulated warheads. Additionally, the effects of the explosion posture of the hemispherical-nosed warheads on the structures are studied. Results reveal that combined damage occurs on the front plate, thereby leading to its shear plugging and large depressed deformation. Although the front plate showed resistance against the shock wave, the anti-penetration layer is damaged by fragments. The failure mode of the back plate consists of local perforation and large bending deformation. For the hemispherical-nosed warheads, damages on the axial posture are more serious than those at the radial posture under close-range explosions at the same standoff distance. Compared with the steel structure, the multi-layered composite structures reduce weight by more than 60% under the same anti-penetrating capability.

A Computing based Simulation Model for Missile Guidance in Planar Domain

This paper presents the design, development and implementation of a computing based simulation model for interceptor missile guidance for countering an anti-ship missile through a navigation law. It investigates the possibility of deriving, testing and implementing an efficient variation of the PN and RPN laws. A new guidance law [true combined proportional navigation (TCPN) guidance law] that combines the strengths of both the PN and RPN and has a superior capturability in a specified zone of interest is presented in this paper. The presented proportional navigation (PN) guidance law is modeled in a two dimensional planar engagement model and its performance is studied with respect to a varying navigation ratio (N) that is dependent on the ‘heading error (HE)’ and missile lead angle. The advantage of varying navigation ratio is: if N′ > 2, Vc > 0, Vm > 0, then the sign of navigation ratio is determined by cos (e + HE) and for cos (e + HE) ≥ 0 and N > 0, the formulation reduces to that of PN and for cos (e + HE) < 0 and N < 0, the formulation reduces to that of RPN. Hence, depending upon the values of cos (e + HE) the presented navigation guidance strategy is shuffled between the PN navigation ratio and the RPN navigation ratio. The theoretical framework of TCPN guidance law is implemented in two dimensional setting of parameters. An important feature of TCPN is the HE and the aim is to achieve lower values of the heading error in simulation. The presented results in this paper show the efficiency of simulation model and also establish that TCPN can be an accurate guidance strategy that has its own range of application and suitability.