Anti-radiation Missile Research Articles

Research on Total Error of Anti-Radiation Missile against Target Radiation Source Shutdown

This paper established the total error model of Anti-Radiation Missile under condition of target radiation source shutdown, which includes three dimensional passive location error model using information of azimuth and elevation angle as well as their changing rates, and gyroscope drift error model of Strap-down Inertial Navigation System. By analyzing the three dimensional passive location method to moving emitter using single stationary observer, the paper had a research to the hit probability of Anti-Radiation Missile under various flying conditions. If higher hit probability is required, the missile should increase its azimuth and elevation angle as much as possible while not to overstep its attack angle. Simulation result showed that the shutdown occasion of radiation source did much influence to the hit probability of Anti-Radiation Missile, which has great meaning to improve he bat efficiency of Anti-Radiation Missile.

Missile-Target Information Acquisition of PRS in Confrontation Environment

To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional passive-radar-seeker (PRS) for anti-decoy, a complex angle measuring method is proposed in this letter. The complex angle measuring method consists of monopulse angle and spatial spectrum estimation, two angle-measuring units. PRS can get the angle high-resolution features through the complex angle measuring method. To improve the precision and the stabilization of the angle-measure in the active-decoying environment, a grey processing approach is proposed in this paper. The methods of removing gross error and parameter estimation based on the grey entropy definition are proposed in the paper. Using grey data processing approach based on the definitions of grey distance measure and grey relation entropy, eliminate singularity and retain random error. Finally, the simulation results verify the feasibility and anti-decoy capacity of the complex angle-measuring method, and the grey processing approach can improve the precision and stabilization of angle-measurer in active-decoying environment, and can improve the precision of anti-radiation missiles (ARM)<b>.</b>

Using radar echo to confront anti-radiation missiles

A new method using radar echo to confront anti-radiation missiles (ARMs) is presented. Phase difference is obtained through radar echo by using the ‘2 loop phase difference measurement’ algorithm. Coherent decoys are generated by phase difference obtained for confronting ARMs. The predicted results are presented to verify the effectiveness of this method.

Anti-Radiation-Missile detection based on parameterized time-frequency analysis

Based on the characteristics of Anti-Radiation-Missile (ARM) echo wave, 3 parameters Chirplet Transform (CT) was proposed from the perspective of parameterized Time-Frequency (TF) analysis, which combining 3 kinds of affine TF transform to be a kind of TF atom. What's more, based on the time-shift feature of ARM and aircraft echo wave's 3 parameters CT, a new method of ARM detection which can be implemented fast by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm was proposed, considering the difference of the 3 parameters CT's modulus between the received signal and its delay signal as the detectable quantity. Aircraft echo interference could be counteracted effectively, while ARM echo energy could be saved without much attenuation. Therefore, the detection system was simplified. Computer simulation results show that ARM can be detected fast and precisely by this way in the surrounding of high aircraft echo interference and low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), so that a reliable early warning of ARM launching can be achieved.

디코이 안테나를 이용한 전파회피 모사기 개발

본 논문은 대방미사일(ARM: Anti Radiation Missile)로부터 레이다를 보호하기 위한 전파회피기술의 분석에 사용될 시뮬레이터 개발에 관한 것이다. 제시된 시뮬레이터는 전파회피를 위해 널리 사용되는 디코이(Decoy) 안테나의 효과적인 배치와 ARM 수신기에 수신되는 전파의 특성 분석이 가능하다. 그리고 디코이 안테나의 배치 효과를 검증하기위해 ARM 수신기에 도달하는 디코이 안테나 신호의 위상과 진폭을 분석하였다. 또한 다수 디코이 안테나를 사용하는 경우 ARM의 공격효과를 다양하게 분석하였으며 제안된 시뮬레이터는 ARM 방어를 위한 효과적인 디코이 배치에 유용하게 활용 될 것이다. This paper describes on a software simulator that can be used for an anti-ARM system. The proposed simulator is a valuable tool for investigating the optimum deployment of decoy antennas which are widely using for anti-ARM and calculating the electromagnetic field at the ARM receiver. To verify the effect of decoy antennas, we analyze the field intensity and phase at the receiver. We conduct an analysis of ARM attack in case of using multiple decoy antennas and the proposed simulator can be used to decide the optimum positions of the decoys.

Study of the deception effect of radar equipped with decoys

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a solution to investigate the deception effects of the radar equipped with decoys.Design/methodology/approachSince the attacking process of the anti‐radiation missile (ARM) is very complicated, numerical simulations are used here to analyze the effects of the operating parameters and the layout parameters of the radar and the decoys on the survival probabilities.FindingsThe survival probabilities of all the radar and the decoys can be over 99.5 percent when three decoys distribute near the radar in an appropriate way and the decoy level is set to some appropriate values.Research limitations/implicationsThe movement model of the ARM is simple and should be improved further.Practical implicationsThe numerical results may be applied directly in practice and the dynamic simulation algorithms may be as a reference of the radar‐decoy technique in the future works.Originality/valueSome coordinate systems are built. Based on it, the models of the radar and decoys against an ARM are introduced, including the fields radiated by the radar and the decoys, the guidance signal and the movement of the ARM. Numerical simulations have been performed here. Some conclusions have been given.

High-speed ground moving target detection research using triangular modulation FMCW

The frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar has the characteristics of low probability of interception, good hidden property and the ability to counter anti-radiation missiles. This paper proposes a new method for high-speed ground moving target detection (GMTD) using triangular modulation FMCW. According to the characteristic of the opposite range shift induced by the upslope and downslope modulation FMCW, the upslope and downslope are imaged, respectively. After compensation of continuous motion of the platform and time difference between upslope and downslope signals for imaging, the moving target can be detected through displaced phase center antenna (DPCA) technology. When the moving target is detected, the moving target image is extracted, and correlation processing is used to obtain the range shift, which can be used to estimate the target radial velocity, and further to find the real position of the target. The effectiveness of this method is verified by the result of computer simulation.

NEW ANTI-ARM TECHNIQUE BY USING RANDOM PHASE AND AMPLITUDE ACTIVE DECOYS

This paper presents a new method to counter Anti Radiation Missile (ARM) threats, which is effective against advanced ARM. By using random phase and amplitude active decoys in the specified optimum positions and network implementation we show that ARM threats will be removed profoundly. Also, iterative methods are presented to cancel the internal interference effects in the proposed structure.

International HARM precision navigation upgrade A GPS/INS missile upgrade that improves effectiveness and minimizes friendly-fire accidents

The high speed anti-radiation missile (HARM) is an air-to-surface tactical missile designed to seek and destroy enemy radar-equipped air defense systems. Unfortunately, the HARM is "no respecter of persons," and it has been known, most notably during the Gulf War, to attack "friendly" targets. The international HARM upgrade project is a tri-national missile technology project sponsored by the United States, Italian, and German governments. The HARM precision navigation upgrade (PNU) program has as its goal, the development and installation of a PNU into the HARM that will improve the weapon's effectiveness, while nearly eliminating the likelihood of fratricide. The precision navigation system consists of a modern selective availability anti-spoofing module (SAASM) based Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU), consisting of state-of-the-art fiber optic gyros and a modern micro-machined accelerometer triad.

National defense applications of autonomous underwater vehicles

During the 1982 invasion of southern Lebanon, the Israeli Air Force faced the problem of neutralizing the massive Syrian air defense network in the Valley as a step in gaining air control in the area. They accomplished this, in a matter of days, without the loss of a single aircraft, while inflicting a loss of over 80 aircraft on the Syrian Air Force. The key to this smashing tactical success was the tactic used to suppress the extensive air defense network. The Israelis used remotely piloted vehicles (RPV's) for the high-risk elements of their tactical plan. RPV's conducted in-depth reconnaissance to spot and fingerprint the search and fire control radars in the valley and on adjacent mountainsides and to locate surface-to-air missile (SAM) launch sites. When the attack started, the first waves were RPV's configured to appear as attack aircraft and draw first fire. As the engagement started, manned attack fighter-bombers used antiradiation missiles (ARM's) and other smart ordnance to destroy enemy radars and launch sites as they were engaging the RPV's. While there was some loss of the low-cost RPV's, there were no losses to the Israeli aircraft. A hornet's nest of weapons and radars had been effectively neutralized without loss and in a period of a few hours. Recent statements of current U.S. Naval doctrine [1] emphasize a forward area strategy of naval action in or near enemy waters. The Soviet Navy in turn has been attributed as having a bastion strategy [2] to operate their SLBM force in Arctic waters and heavily defend the sea approaches to these waters. In other words, we postulate that they will create a hornet's nest and the U.S. Navy would intend to attack it, a Naval Bekka Valley. This article examines the potential need for unmanned systems in the execution of the forward-area strategy. Emphasis is upon medium- and long-range submersibles capable of autonomous operation.

Spaceborne bistatic radar—an overview

It is now apparent that the technology is available to design a practical spaceborne radar. Such a system would provide a greatly improved capability for worldwide surveillance. A spaceborne radar transmitter coupled with passive airborne or ground-based receivers would vastly reduce the vulnerability of the receiver to electronic countermeasures or antiradiation missiles. It is the purpose of the paper to discuss the feasibility, technology issues and requirements of a bistatic system with a spaceborne transmitter and either airborne or ground-based receivers capable of conducting an effective tactical mission. System analyses are performed to identify the best candidate configurations and to estimate their capabilities.

Low probability of intercept

LOW Probability of Intercept (LPI) analysis shows the effect of scenario-dependent parameters and detectability-threshold factors in jamming and nonjamming environments. The most significant improvement in LPI performance may be obtained by operating at Extremely High Frequency (EHF) and by maximizing the effective spread-spectrum processing gain and the communicator’s antenna discrimination to the jamming signal, and by minimizing the number of symbols in the message. To illustrate this effect, the LPI performance between an airborne command post and two advanced satellite-communications systems were analyzed in this paper. The two satellite systems analyzed operate at Super High Frequency (SHF) (8/7 GHz) and EHF (44/20 GHz). Although this analysis was made for the airborne command post/satellite scenario, it is directly applicable to other scenarios such as surface ships communicating to airborne relays or submarines communicating to satellites. The basic purpose of an LPI capability fpr a communications system is to prevent the enemy from locating our communications systems, which will decrease the effect of both electronic attack (jamming) and physical attack. In an electronic attack, LPI makes it difficult for the jammer to locate the communications channel; in a physical attack, the effectiveness of antiradiation missiles (ARM’S) may be significantly reduced. Additionally, the effectiveness of intelligence functions, such as electronic support measures (ESM), will be significantly reduced by LPI capability. Critical communications links for command and control (C*) are likely to be supported by either satellite communications or extended line-of-sight (ELOS) relayed communications. These links would be used to support essential information exchanges and would therefore be likely targets for enemy ESM interceptors.

IFF System Concept Based on Time Synchronization

Identification of friend or foe (IFF) in the tactical theater is a complex technical and operational problem with extremely important implications to the nation's success in waging war. A practical, inexpensive IFF system which can reliably identify friends in a hostile ECM environment is desperately needed by the United States and NATO. This paper presents an IFF system concept which utilizes existing technologies and devices to create a new tactical IFF system that addresses the following electronic counter-counter-measure (ECCM) problems: 1) vulnerability to enemy antiradiation missiles, 2) vulnerability to jamming, 3) vulnerability to enemy spoofing and deception, and 4) vulnerability to enemy exploitation (eavesdropping). The system concept is based on accurate time-synchronization among all participants and represents a radical departure from current IFF methods. However, it does retain the basic interrogateresponse approach. It utilizes spread-spectrum, low-data-rate signaling which offers substantial resistance to enemy jamming and makes spoofing and deception extremely difficult. The spreadspectrum techniques include: frequency hopping, time jitter, and intrapulse Coding. This combination of techniques is used to maximize the antijam and convert capabilities of the system without putting undue burden on a single technology.