Antioxidant Properties Of Plants Research Articles

Quantitation of antioxidant levels of soy-fern fermentation by DPPH assay

Fermentation biotechnology is one of the approaches to addressing the issues of food security worldwide, where the demand for healthier and safer foods is becoming mainstream. Even though fermentation has been practiced since ancient times, there are still an infinite number of topics that can serve as subjects for fermentative investigation. Among the popular nutraceutical research is the antioxidant properties of plants. In this study, the radical scavenging activities of soy-fern fermentation by mixed probiotics (13 species) have been quantified using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Four treatments were set up: soy-fern-probiotics, soy-fern, soy-probiotics, and soy. These treatments were fermented (submerged) for up to 72 h. Samples were taken at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h and were analyzed via a 96-well plate microplate photometer. Results showed that the production of antioxidants peaked at 24 h in soy-fern-probiotics and soy-fern (82.82% and 82.77%, respectively), suggesting that the presence of fern molecules could have affected the production of antioxidant molecules. It is also observed that the probiotics have less impact on the antioxidant levels. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there is a significant difference in this timeframe when compared to other timeframes. On average, the succession of antioxidant levels is as follows (highest to lowest): 24 h, 48 h, 0 h, 72 h. Overall, the level of antioxidants depends on the substrates, fermenting microorganisms, type of fermentation, and fermentation time. More studies on this matter are highly recommended.

Physiological performance and fruit quality of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) cultivated in different agro-climatic zones of Fiji

Noni (Morinda citrifolia) fruit juice is widely used as a strong antioxidant nutritional supplement. With its demand for supplementary products globally, commercial noni farming is now increasing in the Pacific Islands. Information on its growth performance and fruit quality under variable climatic condition is limited. This study aimed to establish the climatic requirements and identify the agro-climatic zone in Fiji that provides for increased antioxidant levels in fruits in addition to optimal plant growth and physiological performance. The study investigated plant growth, photosynthetic performance, fruit yield and antioxidant properties of plants that were cultivated under rain fed conditions in the dry, wet and intermediate agro-climatic zones in Fiji Islands. The physiological performance was significantly influenced by the soil moisture, sunshine hours and soil nutrients. Physiological performance including fruit yields were the highest in the intermediate zone which was characterized by a moderate rainfall and fairly good soil properties while it was lowest in the dry zone. Highest fruit antioxidant properties occurred in the dry zone followed by wet zone. The study implies that under cultivation, moderate abiotic stress can enhance the antioxidant properties of noni.

From Forest to First Aid: A Review of Western Ghats Plants for Wound Healing

India has been blessed with immense varieties of plants and most of them are found in the Western Ghats. There is a vast number of medicinal plants are found in the Western Ghats, which are widely used by the indigenous people. Medicinal plants have an essential role in healing and managing wounds. The bioactive compounds found in plants are responsible for its wound healing activities. The wound healing properties of the medicinal plants are influenced by the anti- microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties of plants. The selected medicinal plants possess remarkable inhibitory activity against the different bacterial as well as fungal species. Besides that, the results of the in-vitro studies have also reported the significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound healing properties of those medicinal plants. Hence, the medicinal plants found in Western Ghats will be promising source for treating and healing the different types of wounds. The present review aims to document the scientific reports for the anti-microbial, anti- inflammatory, anti-oxidant and wound healing potency of some of the medicinal plants of Western Ghats.

Climatological effects on Chemical Composition, Biological Activity of Essential oil from Eucalyptus globulus Leaves and Seeds

In the last decade, there has been interest worldwide concern about the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of plants. This work aims to study the antibacterial, antioxidant activities and chemical composition of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil leaves and seeds. Essential oil was extracted from Eucalyptus globulus seeds and leaves by hydrodistillation giving yields of 1.8% and 0.8% respectively, Chemical composition analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of a total of 33 compounds in seeds and 28 compounds in leaves. Antibacterial activity showed that essential oils was active against all tested bacterial strains. Antioxidant propriety measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) showed that essential oils obtained from leaves have higher antioxidant activity when compared to essential oils of seeds. However, the total antioxidant capacity revealed that seeds (22,68 mg EAA/g MS) have high activity with respect to leaves (5,44 mg EAA/g MS). These results confirmed the richness of the two essential oils in phenolic compounds responsible for their biological activity. A comparative bioclimatic study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of climate on chemical composition of Eucalyptus globulus leaves and seeds in Morocco. Factorial component analysis between chemical composition of essential oils from different countries and climatic parameters revealed that 1.8 cineole is strongly correlated with minimal (m) and maximal temperature values (M) and Emberger quotient (Q). Whereas, essential oils extracted from seeds is not affected by these parameters.&nbsp

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Selected Wild Plant Species Found in Jordan

In the past decade, there has been a growing global interest in the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of plants, which are considered safe for use. This study aimed to evaluate the ntibacterial and antioxidant activities, as well as the flavonoid and total henolic contents, of three wild plant species found in Jordan: Rubus canescens DC, Rumex vesicarus L, and Urtica pilulifera L. The 70% methanol extracts of these plants were tested for their antioxidant activity using various assays, such as total phenols, free radical scavenging, and reducing power. Results showed that Rubus canescens DC extract had a higher percentage of total phenols and free radical scavenging activity, while Rumex vesicarus L extract had a higher percentage of reducing power. The extracts' antimicrobial activity was evaluated using a two-fold dilution method, including Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) activity. The extract of Rubus canescens DC showed higher antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms, as measured by inhibition zones in plate-diffusion assays. These findings suggest that Rubus canescens DC could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and warrant further investigation of its therapeutic properties.

English

Antioxidant properties of plants can help thwart a plethora of conditions including cancer, bronchitis, asthma, ulcers, coronary heart diseases, scabies, insomnia, senile debility, diabetes, dysentery, etc. In this study, Andrographis paniculata (Family: Acanthaceae) was investigated for antioxidant activity. 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power assay, total antioxidant capacity, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), nitric oxide test, total phenolic and flavonoid from methanol, acetone, and water extracts were investigated employing various established in-vitro system. The results divulged that methanol extract had significant activity in quenching of DPPH, reducing power, ABTS, nitric oxide, antioxidant capacity when compared to other extracts. All extracts were correlated with two specific standard antioxidants ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxyanisole. The methanol extract at 500 µg/ml showed the highest scavenging activity of DPPH (91.78 ± 0.02%), ABTS (99.76 ± 0.05%). Total antioxidant capacity was 83.35 ± 0.13 AAE/mg. Reducing the power of methanol extract was significant compared to all other fractions. Nitric oxide scavenging activity was maximum in acetone extract (80.73 ± 0.05%). The quantitative estimation of the extract revealed a considerable amount of flavonoids and conversely, the amount of phenolic compounds was poor. The flavonoid content (592.34 ± 0.13 mg QE/g of dry extract) was maximum in methanol extract but phenolic content of methanol and acetone extract was very similar. This study strongly suggests that methanol extract exhibits more potent antioxidant activity than other extracts of acetone and water. Key words: Andrographis paniculata, antioxidant potential, methanol, acetone, water, DPPH, ABTS &nbsp

Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Activity of Five Grain Amaranth Species

Investigation into the antioxidant properties of plants is a very active field of research. Amaranths are underutilized pseudo-cereals with nutraceutical potentials. The phytochemical and antioxidant activity of five grain amaranth species were evaluated using standard procedures. Highest tannin content (0.14 g/100g) and Fe chelating (66.72%) capacity was recorded in Amaranthus caudatus. Amaranthus cruentus had the highest total flavonoid (9.93 mg CE/100g) content. Amaranthus Hybridus had the highest Phytate (1.58 g/100g), total polyphenol (30.79 mg GAE/100g), DPPH scavenging activity (93.35 %), ferric reducing power (0.19 g/100g), total antioxidant 199.93 mg AAE/100g) and ABTS (201.54 mmol TE/100g) content respectively. Strong correlation was observed between the phytochemicals and antioxidant tested. From the results, grain amaranth species possess antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content. These qualities in amaranths have promising potential means of food biofortifications.

Scientific validation of medicinal plants used by Yakkha community of Chanuwa VDC, Dhankuta, Nepal.

Ethnobotanical knowledge is important among tribal people, but much of the information is empirical due to the lack of scientific validation. The purpose of this study was to document the medicinal plants used by an ethnic group (Yakkha) at Chanuwa VDC of Dhankuta district in Nepal and to validate scientifically in the use of plants based on results of phytochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant property analyses and available literature reports. Data were collected through interviews of the Yakkha people with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and the guided field walk method. A total of 30 different medicinal plants were recorded along with their vernacular names (for few plants) used by the Yakkha community’s people. Literature review reveals that most of the plant species described herein have also been used in other countries, too. Among 30 plants selected for this study methanol extract of five ethno-medicinal plants viz., Dendrocnide sinuata, Solanum anguivi, Pogostemon cablin, Boehmeria platyphylla and Clerodendrum trichotomum and ethanol extract of C. trichotomum were subjected for antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The antimicrobial activities were measured using the paper disc diffusion method. The antioxidant properties of plants were measured by DPPH and FRAP reduction assay. Among all extracts, ethanol extract of C. trichotomum and methanol extract of B. platyphylla displayed the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activities, respectively.

Antigenotoxicity, Cytotoxicity, and Apoptosis Induction by Apigenin, Bisabolol, and Protocatechuic Acid

Medicinal plants represent an important resource in new drug research. Antioxidant properties of plants can help to scavenge reactive oxygen species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genotoxic, antigenotoxic, tumoricidal, and apoptotic effect of some major phenols (apigenin, bisabolol, and protocatechuic acid) from two medicinal plants, Matricaria chamomilla and Uncaria tomentosa. The wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster was used to evaluate the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of the three phenols. The human model of HL-60 leukemia cells was used for the assessment of the cytotoxic effect, growth, and cellular viability. The apoptotic effect was evaluated using a DNA fragmentation assay based on the formation of internucleosomal units. Protocatechuic acid (0.25 and 1 mM), apigenin (0.46 and 1.85 mM), and bisabolol (0.56 and 2.24 mM) did not exhibit any genotoxic effect. The three phenols showed an antigenotoxic effect against the hydrogen peroxide effect and also exhibited tumoricidal activity. Apigenin (2.24-35.96 mM) showed a lower 50% inhibitory concentration (0.75 and 3.87 mM for the trypan blue test and WST-8 colorimetric assay, respectively) than bisabolol and protocatechuic acid. These phenolics also induced apoptosis in HL-60 leukemia cells. This study suggests that the antioxidant activity of Chamomilla and Uncaria could be partially responsible of their beneficial activity.

Determination of antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L. Family Lamiaceae) assayed by different methodologies

The antioxidant properties of plants have been investigated, in the light of recent scientific developments, throughout the world due to their potent pharmacological activities and food viability. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L. Family Lamiaceae) is used as a kitchen herb and as an ornamental plant in house gardens. In the present study, the possible radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of the water (WEB) and ethanol extracts (EEB) of basil was investigated using different antioxidant methodologies: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, scavenging of superoxide anion radical-generated non-enzymatic system, ferric thiocyanate method, reducing power, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and metal chelating activities. Experiments revealed that WEB and EEB have an antioxidant effects which are concentration-dependent. The total antioxidant activity was performed according to the ferric thiocyanate method. At the 50 microg/mL concentration, the inhibition effects of WEB and EEB on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion were found to be 94.8% and 97.5%, respectively. On the other hand, the percentage inhibition of a 50 microg/mL concentration of BHA, BHT and alpha-tocopherol was found to be 97.1%, 98.5% and 70.4% inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. In addition, WEB and EEB had effective DPPH radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating activities. Additionally, these various antioxidant activities were compared with BHA, BHT and alpha-tocopherol as reference antioxidants. The additional total phenolic content of these basil extracts was determined as the gallic acid equivalent and were found to be equivalent.

Cytisus scoparius link--a natural antioxidant.

BackgroundRecent investigations have shown that the antioxidant properties of plants could be correlated with oxidative stress defense and different human diseases. In this respect flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds have gained the greatest attention. The plant Cytisus scoparius contains the main constituent of flavone and flavonals. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities of extract of aerial part of Cytisus scoparius.MethodsThe plant extract was tested for DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging, nitric oxide radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, antilipid peroxidation assay, reducing power and total phenol content.ResultsThe extract exhibited scavenging potential with IC50 value of 1.5 μg/ml, 116.0 μg/ml and 4.7 μg/ml for DPPH, nitric oxide and superoxide anion radicals. The values were found to lesser than those of vitamin C, rutin, and curcumin, as standards. The extract showed 50% protection at the dose of 104.0 μg/ml in lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+/ ascorbate system in rat liver microsomal preparation. There is decrease in hydroxyl radical generation with IC50 value of 27.0 μg/ml when compared with standard vitamin E. The reducing power of the extract depends on the amount of extract. A significant amount of polyphenols could be detected by the equivalent to 0.0589 μg of pyrocatechol from 1 mg of extract.ConclusionThe results obtained in the present study indicate that hydro alcoholic extract of aerial part of Cytisus scoparius is a potential source of natural antioxidants.