Antioxidant Activity Of Plant Extracts Research Articles

Inhibition of Oral Pathogenic Bacteria, Suppression of Bacterial Adhesion and Invasion on Human Squamous Carcinoma Cell Line (HSC-4 Cells), and Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts from Acanthaceae Family

Inhibition of Oral Pathogenic Bacteria, Suppression of Bacterial Adhesion and Invasion on Human Squamous Carcinoma Cell Line (HSC-4 Cells), and Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts from Acanthaceae Family

Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts and the Enhance of Their Cytotoxic Effects in Combination with Cisplatin on HeLa Cell Line

Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts and the Enhance of Their Cytotoxic Effects in Combination with Cisplatin on HeLa Cell Line

Blue light as an important factor increasing plant tolerance to acute photooxidative stress

Previous studies have confirmed the stimulating effect of blue light on phenolic compound accumulation and emphasized that sufficient dose of blue light is essential for biosynthesis of B-dihydroxylated flavonoids with enhanced antioxidant properties (under UV-lacking conditions). This study investigates the importance of blue light and complex role of phenolic compounds in plant tolerance against acute photooxidative stress. Hordeum vulgare (L. Cv. Bojos) seedlings were acclimated to different light spectra (blue, green:red 1:1, and white composed of blue:green:red 1:1:1) at total irradiance 400 µmol.m−2.s−1. Subsequently, they were subjected to a 3-hour combined stress induced by high photosynthetically active (850–950 µmol.m−2.s−1) and UV-B (2.0–2.5 W.m−2) radiation. Content of flavonoids, expression of genes involved in their biosynthesis (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase, flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase), and antioxidant activity of plant extracts were significantly highest in plants acclimated to blue light. As an indicator of reactive oxygen species interaction with biomolecules, the content of lipid hydroperoxides was estimated. It was demonstrated that plants acclimated to blue light revealed significantly lower extent of lipid peroxidation compared to those acclimated to white or green:red light. Plants exposed to combined light-induced stress for 3 hours exhibited pronounced disruption of PSII function: FV/FM tended to decrease proportionally with decreasing amount of blue photons in the treatments. Additionally, stress exposure upregulated the expression of genes related to phenolic compounds but not genes encoding antioxidant enzymes. We confirmed higher resistance of plants acclimated to blue light and presume that phenolic compounds are significantly involved in protection during the acute phase of stress.

Temperature and water stresses on antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plants have implications for sustainable use and global warming

Some traditional healers believe that herbal medicines derived from wild populations have higher activity than cultivated medicinal plants. This has important implications for the conservation of medicinal plants if traditional healers do not want to use cultivated plants. We have previously shown that water and temperature stresses have little effect on antimicrobial activity acetone leaf extracts of Leonotis dysophylla Benth., Bulbine frutescens (L.) Willd. and Tulbaghia violacea Harv. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts may be important in treating several different diseases. We have therefore investigated the effect of water and temperature stresses on the quantitative and qualitative antioxidant activity of these species in plants with limited genetic variation using 6‑hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) and l-ascorbic acid as positive controls. Activity was measured against two free radicals, 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH). All plant extracts had some antioxidant activity following 182 to 240 days of exposure to temperature (15 °C and 30 °C) and water (50–500 ml/pot every second day) treatments. The IC50 values across water treatments did not show any clear patterns, which suggests that water stress had little influence on the antioxidant activity. On the other hand, the IC50 values under high temperature of 30 °C were statistically significantly higher than those under the temperature of 15 °C, which indicates that high temperature led to a reduced antioxidant activity. The effect of fluctuating temperatures higher than 30 °C because of prevailing global warming is more likely to lower the antioxidant activity of many important medicinal plants in nature. The results also indicate that plants in nature do not necessarily have higher activity to address concerns of traditional healers. Using cultivated plants may affect the quality and/or safety of medicinal properties to be used to treat different illnesses. As such, the establishment of optimal growth regimes for ex situ cultivation for important and especially threatened medicinal plants is recommended. It may help yield consistent supply of quality and quantity of bioactive material for self-medication and commercialisation. Cultivation may also contribute to conservation of species biodiversity.

Comparative Phytoprofiling of Achillea millefolium Morphotypes: Assessing Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic and Triterpenic Compounds Variation across Different Plant Parts.

Achillea millefolium L., commonly known as yarrow, is a versatile and widely distributed plant species with a rich history of ethnopharmacological significance. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative differences of A. millefolium inflorescence morphotypes. The phytochemical profile of white and pink inflorescence morphotypes was characterised by a complex of thirty-four phenolic and triterpene compounds. The species has distinct morphotypes of white and pink inflorescence. Phenolic and triterpenic profiles were determined, and individual compounds were quantified in inflorescence, leaf, and stem samples of two morphotypes tested. The antioxidant activity of plant extracts was evaluated by free radical scavenging (ABTS) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Caffeoylquinic acids predominated in all parts of the plant tested. Chlorogenic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were the principal compounds in the phenolic profile. Betulin, betulinic acid, and α-amyrin were the prevailing triterpenic components in the triterpenic profiles of Achillea millefolium morphotypes. The predominant flavonoids in inflorescences were flavones, while in leaves, flavonols were the organ-specific compounds. The quantitative differences were observed between plant parts of morphotypes. Leaves consistently displayed the highest amounts of identified compounds and have been testified as the main source of antioxidant activity. Overall, white inflorescences accumulated a higher total amount of compounds compared to pink ones. The observed differences between morphotypes derived from the same population reflect the differences in specialised metabolites and their chemotypes. This study addresses gaps in knowledge, particularly in phenolic and triterpenic profiling of coloured inflorescence morphotypes, enhancing our understanding of chemotypes and morphotypes within the species.

Designing the Quality Characteristics of Berry Processing Byproducts Using Fermentation

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in berry fruit processing byproducts, namely, seeds, pulp, and peel, due to the high content of nutritionally valuable ingredients. The market is seeing an increase in the popularity of fermented products, especially those from vegetables or fruits. Fermented fruit pomace can be used as an ingredient or food additive. Many studies have confirmed that the fermentation process can increase the antioxidant activity of plant extracts due to the decomposition of cell walls. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality and antioxidant potential of fermented berry pomace (from chokeberry, blackcurrant, raspberry, and strawberry) in terms of its potential use as an alternative source of valuable ingredients for the design of new food products. The scope of this research included assessing microbiological quality, vitamin C and total phenolic compound (TPC) contents, and antioxidant activity using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The polyphenolic compound and vitamin C contents, as well as antioxidant activity, depended on the mixture of microbial strains used for fermentation and the type of fruit pomace. The most favorable parameters for TPC, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP were obtained for chokeberry pomace samples inoculated with yeast cultures. Chokeberry pomace exhibited the highest vitamin C content when inoculated with a mixture of bacteria.

Insight into possible therapeutic applications of Ephedra transitoria: in-vitro biological, toxicological activities and GC-MS analysis of aerial parts’ extract

Most Arab nations have arid regions where Ephedra transitoria, a plant, flourishes. It has a variety of medical benefits. It belongs to the Ephedraceae family. The plant's aerial portions were procured from the Hail region of Saudi Arabia, methanol was used to extract bioactive phytochemicals with variable solubility in an efficient manner, and the resulting extract was tested on several cancer cell lines. The extract's cytotoxic potential was measured by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay method against standard vinblastine sulfate and for each cell line, the pertinent half maximal inhibitory concentration values were calculated. Additional apoptosis assays were conducted. Also, the antioxidant activity of plant extract was examined using 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and [2, 2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)] methods compared to ascorbic acid standard. Also, antimicrobial effect of extract was evaluated on different gram positive and gram-negative bacteria by zone inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration assay methods. GC-MS analysis was further applied to identify major bioactive substances. Extract showed good cytotoxic activity against both lung and liver cancer cells with relevant half maximal inhibitory concentration values comparable to those of standard. Extract resulted in S-phase arrest, primarily via inducing apoptosis mediated through activating caspase-3, Bax, and p53 proteins. Plant extract showed good antibacterial activities against S. aureus, E. coli and B. subtilis. Also, it showed high antioxidant activity with relevant half maximal inhibitory concentration values comparable to those of standard. Some bioactive compounds were separated and identified by GC-MS analysis such as; ephedrine and quercetin. ephedra transitoria extract possess high cytotoxic activity against lung and liver cancer cells via S-phase arrest mediated by activation of apoptotic proteins. It also possesses high antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts at Chattogram Hill Tracts, Chattogram, Bangladesh

In recent years, researchers have focused on natural antioxidants because they are good for human health. Most scientists believe that around two-thirds of the plants in the world have medicinal value and good antioxidant activity. The goal of this work was to estimate antioxidant activities of plant extracts, collected from Chattogram Hill Tracts, Chattogram. Different types of Plant leaves were extracted with different solvents like water, ethanol, methanol, and Pet ether. These extracts were then tested to see if they have any antioxidant properties using a method called DPPH radical scavenging. The present study found that all plant extracts exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity among them water extract of plants had the highest level of antioxidants followed by ethanol followed by methanol then Petroleum ether extracts. The high antioxidant activity of these might be due to the presence of hydroxyl groups containing substance in polar solvent extract and these hydroxyl groups can damage free radicals and possess the necessary resources for radical scavenging. This study confirms that many plant extracts have very strong antioxidant activity, which can help treat diseases caused by free radicals in the body.

Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts Containing Phenolic Compounds

Polyphenols present in various plant and vegetable extracts possess enormous antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic qualities providing medical benefits. Antioxidants scavenge free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) by interrupting their mechanism of oxidation. Since free radicals cause neurological illnesses, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and lipid and DNA damage, inhibiting their formation has recently been the subject of several medical investigations. Present studies described the determination of total phenolic content and DPPH activity of a large number of commonly used plant and vegetable extracts utilizing Folin-Ciocalte and Soler-Rivas procedures. This study aims to conduct a biochemical analysis of the therapeutic effects of okra, tamarind, and other phenolic compounds. The comparative data provided in this work for antioxidant and polyphenolic substances is expected to be highly valuable for readers who are interested in this subject.

Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Berberis jaeschkeana C. K. Schneid. fruits using the ABTS assay

Introduction and aim. The assessment of the antioxidant activity of plant extracts is an important research direction in the search for new chemopreventive substances. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the antioxidant potential of the methanol extract of Berberis jaeschkeana C. K. Schneid fruit. Material and methods. Spectrophotometric tests were carried out: testing of the total content of polyphenols (TPC) in extracts, testing of the total content of flavonoids (TFC) in extracts. Antiradical activity was determined using the improved ABTS+• decolorization test with modifications. Results. TPC extracts was determined at the level of 43.52±2.37 mg/g, while TFC extracts was determined at the level 6.08±0.48 mg/g. The ABTS activity test showed 31.15 mg/g expressed as mg Trolox per g of dry extract. Conclusion. It was assessed that the methanolic extract of the fruit of Berberis jaeschkeana C. K. Schneid. has an antioxidant properties, what makes it a potential chemopreventive agent in civilizational diseases.

Validation of an alternative quantitative method for determination of antioxidant potential in Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Chilli pepper

AbstractWe provide proof-of-concept for the innovative method of 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCPIP) for measuring the antioxidant activity of plant extracts. Antioxidant content can be determined using the standard DCPIP test and compare the results with the DPPH results as conventional method. DCPIP operates on the premise that the deep blue color of the oxidized dye is reduced to an invisible solution. Ascorbic acid’s antioxidant activity was measured by DCPIP at different times (from 1 to 60 min) and was concentration-dependent, with the maximum activity being at 400 g/mL. In addition, when compared to other incubation durations, the ascorbic acid standard, a natural antioxidant, gave the maximum activity within the first five minutes of incubation with DCPIP. DCPIP is a marker of antioxidant activity both against vitamin C and plant extracts. The DCPIP approach is quick and unaffected by pH variation. The stability of the DCPIP reagent over time (5 and 30 min) and color reduction by ascorbic acid as a natural antioxidant standard were demonstrated using a straightforward and quick method.

Плёночные материалы на основе желатина, содержащие растительные экстракты

Polymer films based on traditional synthetic polymers are widely used throughout the world. However, the impossibility of biodegradation of synthetic polymers in the environment and, as a result, the accumulation of polymeric waste stimulates using biodegradable bio-based polymers instead of traditional ones. One of them is gelatin. Gelatin is biodegradable, it has good mechanical and barrier properties, high film forming ability and widely distributed. Presented research includes results of a investigation of gelatin films based on aqueous extracts from the leaves of sea buckthorn leaves, plantain leaves, pine needles (film based on distilled water used as a control). The qualitative and quantitative composition of polyphenolic compounds (the sum of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins) that make up the extracts was determined using physico-chemical methods of analysis. The antioxidant activity of plant extracts has been established. The highest amount of antioxidants (64 mg/100 сm 3 ) was found in extracts from sea buckthorn leaves. Using plant extracts in the composition of gelatin films did not cause significant changes in their thermal stability; it was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. Significant changes in properties compared to the control were noted for samples containing sea buckthorn leaf extract. Thus, the value of the stress at break was 11.6 MPa, and the elongation at break was 100% (11.4 MPa and 65% for control, respectively). For all the studied samples, there was a lower water absorption (200–223% after 60 minutes) compared to the control (254% after 60 minutes) and vapor permeability values comparable to the control. Such combination of film properties, with a high content of antioxidants in plant extracts, allows us to consider these materials as promising for the creation of biodegradable packaging films with antibacterial activity.

Antiinflammatory, Antinociceptive and Antioxidant activities of aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts of Fagaropsis hildebrandtii (Engl.) Milne-Redh. (Rutaceae)

Background: Fagaropsis hildebrandtii has been widely used in African traditional medicine to treat various illnesses, particularly those associated with inflammation, pain and oxidative stress. However, experimental data on the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and antioxidant of the different parts of F. hildebrandtii is still limited. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant activities of stem bark extract of F. hildebrandtii from Makueni County, Kenya. Materials and Methods: The stem bark of F. hildebrandtii was extracted by maceration using water and methanol. Standard qualitative methods were then used to determine the presence or absence of various phytochemicals in the extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride calorimetric methods, respectively. Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of increasing water and methanol extracts doses (2-250mg/Kg) were tested using carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-induced writhing animal models, respectively in comparison with dexamethasone and aspirin as standard. Antioxidant activities of plant extracts were assayed by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, with ascorbic acid as the standard. Data analysis was conducted by two-way ANOVA with appropriate post hoc tests. Statistical significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and coumarin were detected in the extracts. However, anthocyanins and anthraquinones were absent in both water and methanolic extracts. Notably, methanol extract had a high total phenolic level compared to water extract (34.590 ± 2.490 mgGAE/g vs. 7.893 ± 1.619 mgGAE/g; p<0.05). Total flavonoid content of F. hildebrandtii methanol extract was also higher in comparison to water extract (132.18 ± 0.26 mgCE/g vs. 42.68 ± 0.93mgCE/g; p<0.05). F. hildebrandtii water and methanol extracts had a radical scavenging activity IC50 of 0.98 µg/ml and 0.987 µg/ml respectively, which was significantly lower than 5.674 µg/ml for ascorbic acid, indicating a higher antioxidant potency. The percentage inhibition of carrageenan-induced hind paw edema by F. hildebrandtii extracts was not significantly different in comparison with 10 mg/Kg of dexamethsone standard over a 5-hour test period (p>0.05). F. hildebrandtii water and methanol extracts exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, reaching a maximum of 53.1 ± 6.1% and 80.24 ± 12.59%, respectively, at 250 mg/Kg. Notably, the percentage inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing by 50 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of F. hildebrandtii methanolic extract was similar to that of aspirin standard at 150 mg/kg (77.75 ± 19.64% vs. 80.24 ± 12.59% vs. 84.99 ± 3.26%, p>0.05, two-way ANOVA). Conclusion: F. hildebrandtii has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant activities. These findings validate the use of F. hildebrandtii crude extracts among Kenyan ethnic groups in management of diseases associated with inflammation, pain, and oxidative stress.

Salvia multicaulis for biosynthesis of antioxidant CuO/SiO2 NCs and assessment of its phytochemical profile

The phytochemical and elemental profile of Salvia multicaulis plant is evaluated for bio-fabrication of [email protected]2 nanocomposite (NCs). The antioxidant activity of plant extract and NCs were also determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Also, the phytochemical examination of the plant shows some biomolecules such as terpenes, flavonols, keto-enol compounds, aldehydes, proteins, vitamins, nitrogen-containing compounds, alkaloids, and tannins. According to our findings, high phenolic content (438 mg GAE/g dry wt) and flavonoid (252.16 mg QE/g dry wt) in Salvia multicaulis extract exhibited maximum inhibition of DPPH radicals (47.74%, 97.05% and 114.8 % in 50, 800 and 3200 µg/ml), respectively, demonstrating the pontent antioxidants activity due to plant’s phytoconstituent antioxidants.

Investigation of Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Biologically Active Plant-Derived Natural Products.

The aim of this publication is to present rapid screening methods (visual/colorimetric) that will enable quick identification of the presence of biologically active compounds in aqueous solutions. For this reason, 26 plant extracts obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction were analysed for the content of these compounds. Higher plants, used as a raw material for extraction, are common in Europe and are easily available. The article proposes a comparison of various protocols for the identification of various compounds, e.g., phenolic compounds (phenols, tannins, anthocyanins, coumarins, flavones, flavonoids), vitamin C, quinones, quinines, resins, glycosides, sugars. Initial characterisation of the composition of plant extracts using fast and inexpensive methods allows you to avoid the use of time-consuming analyses with the use of advanced research equipment. In addition, the antioxidant activity of plant extracts using spectrophotometric methods (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP assay) and quantitative analysis of plant hormones such as abscisic acid, benzoic acid, gibberellic acid, indole acetic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, zeatin, zeatin riboside, and isipentenyl adenine was performed. The obtained results prove that the applied visual methods show different sensitivity in detecting the sought chemical compounds. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the presence or absence of bioactive substances and their concentration using modern analytical methods.

Multivariate and machine learning approaches for prediction of antioxidant potential in Bertholletia excelsa barks

ObjectivesSpecialised metabolites in plants are essential in developing new products since these compounds with antioxidant activity can be incorporated into pharmaceutical and food matrices. However, optimising the extraction processes of these bioactive compounds is necessary for a practical application. The current study aims to obtain optimal models to predict the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of Bertholletia excelsa barks by the ABTS, DPPH and FRAP methods. MethodsDifferent algorithms were applied by Machine-Learning (ML), such as Random Forest (RF) and Partial Least-Square Regression (PLSR). Central composite rotational design (CCRD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to analyse the ethanol concentration, time and temperature effect on the extraction. This research used five levels for each factor to evaluate the assays. These response variables were used to generate second-order predictive models, and the best conditions for the extraction of bioactive compounds were established. A matrix correlated with the TPC and AA responses was used to generate predictive models by machine learning. ResultsThe best performance to extract phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity by the ABTS method was achieved when ethanol (50%) at a temperature of 60 °C was used for 30 min of extraction. The coefficient of determination of the generated models using RF varied from 85% to 99%, while for the PLSR, the variation was from 85% to 96%. The composition of RGB (red, green, blue) images can be used to determine the TPC and AA in extracts of B. excelsa. ConclusionThe results indicated that the current method was a powerful and effective tool for determining the AA and TPC on B. excelsa barks. In addition, this study permitted to development of a low operational cost method that can help determine the antioxidant activity of plant extracts by digital images.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of \(\textit{Antheroporum harmandii}\) Gagnep. collected from Quang Tri province

Antheroporum harmandii Gagnep. is a native plant species of Vietnam, belonging to a small genus of the Fabaceae family. In this study, the bioactivities of different extracts from twigs and seeds of A. harmandii plants collected from Dakrong, Quang Tri province were evaluated. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of plant extracts had been done using an agar well diffusion method and DPPH assay. The results showed that methanol, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts from twigs and methanol extract from seeds exerted activities to significantly inhibit two out of nine tested microorganisms. Particularly, the dichloromethane extract from the twigs sample exhibited the highest activity to Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus strains with inhibition zones of 4.7 ± 0.3 mm and 2.3 ± 0.2 mm, respectively, at concentrations of 50 mg/mL. The lowest MIC values (500 µg/mL) and 50% inhibition concentration values (IC50) against M. luteus and S. aureus were recorded for the methanol and dichloromethane extracts of twigs. Among tested extracts, the ethyl acetate extract of twigs was the strongest antioxidant, showing radical scavenging potential with IC50 of 117.24 μg/mL. Therefore, A. harmandii species can be suggested as a new source for the isolation of valuable natural compounds.

Determination of Phytochemicals, Minerals, and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antidiabetic Activities of Young Fronds of <i>Diplazium esculent</i>um: A Vegetable of Tripura, India

Diplazium esculentum belongs to the family Athyriaceae, an edible fern rich in micronutrients, beta-carotene, folic acid, and minerals like calcium, iron, and phosphorus. The present study aims to determine secondary metabolites and minerals content and evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of young fronds of Diplazium esculentum. The plant extract was prepared by the Soxhlet apparatus method. Total alkaloids and total tannin content were determined by the titrimetric method. Folin and Ciocalteu's colorimetric method used gallic acid as a standard drug to determine total phenols. The antioxidant activity of plant extract was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. α-amylase inhibition assay was performed for evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of plant extract. Fronds of Diplazium esculentum contain a significant number of total alkaloids (145.54±1.49), phenols (174.2±0.95), and tannins (263.96±1.32) mg/g of dry extract. Fronds of Diplazium esculentum also contain a significant amount of minerals. Diplazium esculentum shows significant antioxidant activity compared to the standard drug ascorbic acid and antidiabetic activity compared to the standard drug metformin. Based on these findings, young fronds of Diplazium esculentum can be recommended as a good source of phytochemicals and minerals. It also shows significant antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.

Evaluation of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory properties of leaves of Ocimum basilicum L.

In India, a wide variety of medicinal plants are reported and utilized by people for the treatment of various diseases for a long time. The present study deals with quantitative analysis of phytochemicals like total phenols, tannins, and flavonoids as well as in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum L. The values of total phenols, tannins, and flavonoids were found to be 5.02±0.06 µg Gallic acid equivalent/mg, 7.80±0.05 µg Gallic acid equivalent/mg, and 6.00±0.06 µg quercetin equivalent/mg alcoholic extract respectively. The antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assay. The highest antioxidant activity of plant extract was observed at 60 µg/ml and maximum inhibition was recorded at 55.12%. The IC50 value of plant extract was found to be 24.81 µg/ml. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity was measured by the human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method. The hypo tonicity-induced HRBC were exposed to different concentrations of ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum L. and HRBC membrane lysis and membrane stabilization percentages were calculated against diclofenac sodium. The ethanolic extract exhibited significant HRBC membrane stabilization compared to diclofenac sodium; 98±0.57% membrane stabilization was observed at a dose of 1000 µg/ml.

Comparative characteristics of spectrophotometric methods for determining the in vitro antioxidant activity of plant extracts

The article discusses the possibilities of comparing the results of determining the total antioxidant activity (AOA) using three spectrophotometric methods: DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. The obtained values were compared and revealed a high correlation for all pairs of comparisons as well as a close precision of the AOA content in plant extracts, regardless of the extractant or method of determination. The reliable AOA content in the regional flora was determined and varied in a very wide range from 1.44±0.12 to 1094.02±14.53 µmol TE/g DW plant material, with methanol extracts having the highest AOA concentration. Among 14 species of medicinal and protected plants of the Kaliningrad region, Alnus glutinosa L., Filipendula ulmaria L. и Calluna vulgaris L., а наименьшей Valeriana officinalis L. и Sedum acre L. had the highest AOA.