Anti-inflammatory Activity Of Leaf Extract Research Articles

Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Leaf extracts of Merremia emarginata

The plant Merremia emarginata was extracted with ethanol and from the ethanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction was prepared and to the above products preliminary phytochemical studies was performed and it shows the presence of flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, carbohydrates, amino acid and glycosides. To the ethanolic extract of Merremia emarginata leaves and ethyl acetate fraction TLC was performed in various mobile phases and detected by using UV chamber, concentrated sulphuric acid and iodine chamber. The Rf values were noted. It was found that the extract and fractions has both fluorescent and non-fluorescent compounds. The column chromatography was performed for the Ethyl acetate fractions in normal phase by increasing the polarity. The fractions were collected and conducted the TLC. So, at the fraction of (Hexane: Ethyl Acetate (6:4)), single spot was observed. The EEME and HEAFME were screened for their antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. Keywords: Merremia emarginata, Column chromatography, Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant activity

EVALUATION OF SALVIA LANATA LEAF EXTRACT FOR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

Objective: The work is aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Salvia lanata.
 Methods: Anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf extract of S. lanata at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg against the standard drug indomethacin at a dose of 10 mg/kg i.p. was evaluated by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and protein denaturation method. Antioxidant activity was determined by 1, 1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method, reducing power method, and nitric oxide scavenging assay.
 Results: S. lanata leaf extract showed highly significant dose-dependent efficacy against carrageenan-induced paw edema at a dose of 200 mg/kg and lesser effect at 100 mg/kg. It inhibited heat-induced albumin denaturation with a maximum inhibition of 79.26% at 160 μg/ml. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of extract exhibited inhibition of 25.96%–87.74% within the concentration range of 10 μg/ml–160 μg/ml, nitric oxide assay from 12.26% to 79.22% in the same concentration range. In reducing power assay with an increase in concentrations, an increase in the absorbance of the reaction mixture was observed. Antioxidant activity was compared to standard drug ascorbic acid.
 Conclusion: The leaf extract of S. lanata has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of three halophyte plants from Algeria and detection of some biomolecules by HPLC-DAD

Antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts (30/70) from leaves and stems of three halophytes (Tamarix africana, Arthrocnemum macrostachyum and Suaeda fruticose) was investigated. In vivo toxicological study and anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract of T. africana were tested on carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw edema. T. africana possessed significant anti-inflammatory activity at 150 and 300 mg/kg confirmed by histological study of inflamed tissues. Six phenolic acids and 10 flavonoids where identified by HPLC–DAD. Gallic acid, Rutin and Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside were the major compounds. For the antibiotic assays, S. fruticosa leaf extract exhibited strong bactericidal power against S. aureus with MBC of 1.25 mg/mL whereas T. africana leaf and stem samples exhibited a significant bactericidal activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis compared to the negative control (Ampicillin and Chloramphenicol). Crude leaf and stem extracts from T. africana and stem extract from S. fruticosa exhibited a strong antifungal effect against C. albicans.

The Comparative Effect of Medicinal Herb Feverfew with that of a Synthetic Parthenolide to Assess the Expression of Inducible Cyclo-oxygenase and Anti-inflammatory Activity

Aims: This paper describes the expression of inducible cyclooxygenase and anti-inflammatory of medicinal herb feverfew with a synthetic parthenolide. Study Design: In vivo model to study the expression of inducible cyclooxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract of T. parthenium and synthetic compound parthenolide. Place and Duration of Study: Central Research Laboratory, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India between August 2015 and November 2015. Methodology: The inhibitory effect of COX-1 and COX -2 were assessed in the serum of mice with the treated groups of aqueous and ethanolic extract of T. parthenium (100 mg/kg) and synthetic compound parthenoilde (4 mg/kg) using Cayman’s COX activity assay kit. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by Ethyl phenylpropiolate induced ear edema and carrageenan induced hind paw edema. Results: The ability of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of T. parthenium (100 mg/kg) and synthetic compound parthenoilde (4 mg/kg) to inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) was significant when compared to control. T. parthenium leaf extracts and synthetic compound reduced the Ethyl phenylpropiolate induced ear edema and carrageenan induced hind paw edema respectively. Conclusion: The result indicates that the inhibitory effect of aqueous and ethanolic extract of T. parthenium and synthetic compound parthenoilde anti-inflammatory activity by Carrageenan induced paw edema and Ethyl phenylpropiolate induced ear edema reduced the inflammation demonstrated through the reduction of vascular permeability may be due to the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase leading to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Hence the study suggests that selected plants can be considered as a resource for searching novel anti-inflammatory agents possessing COX-2 inhibition.

A comparative study on antioxidant potentials, inhibitory activities against key enzymes related to metabolic syndrome, and anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract from different Momordica species

Momordica species are vegetable crops widely distributed in warmer regions of the world. In this work, we describe the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects of the leaves from three different species of Momordica. The present investigation was initially carried out to explore the possible link between antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory property of Momordica leaf extract and their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested by using carrageenan-induced paw edema. Our results illustrated an enhanced antioxidant power of wild species comparable with a commercial variety. In addition, the leaf extract of M. dioica (200mg/kg) presented a significant anti-inflammatory activity toward carrageenan-induced paw edema in Wistar rats in comparison to indomethacin (10mg/kg). The contents of flavonoids and total phenolic compounds could be correlated with the antioxidant and enzymes inhibition activities. The major bioactive compounds of phenolic acids and flavonoids such as gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, rutin, and quercetin were identified. Our findings suggest that wild Momordica species contains higher potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities than a commercial variety does, which could be tested as drug candidates against oxidative and inflammation-related pathological processes.

Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and GC-MS Studies onCastanospermum australeA. Cunn. & C. FraserexHook.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Castanospermum australe and to profile phytochemicals by GC-MS. The ethanolic extracts were prepared by successive solvent extraction using Soxhlet apparatus. The analgesic activity was analyzed by hot plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing test whereas anti-inflammatory study was done by carrageenan induced paw oedema model. The acute toxicity study revealed that ethanol extracts of leaf and bark of C. australe were safe even at a higher dose of 2000 mg/kg whereas ethanol extract of seed was toxic at the same dose. In both hot plate method (5.85 s) and acetic acid-induced writhing test (57%), the leaf ethanol extract exhibited significant analgesic activity (P < 0.001) at a dose of 400 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract was exhibited by the reduction in paw linear diameter by 64.76% at 400 mg/kg in carrageenan induced paw oedema. The GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract of leaf revealed sixteen major compounds of which 1,7-dimethyl-4,10-dioxa-1,7-diazacyclododecane, (+)-N-methylephedrine, and permethylspermine were found to be pharmaceutically and the most important. These findings justify that C. australe can be a valuable natural analgesic and anti-inflammatory source which seemed to provide potential phytotherapeutics against various ailments.

Potent anti-inflammatory activity of sesquiterpene lactones from Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br. ex Cass., a Q’eqchi’ Maya traditional medicine

The widespread use of Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br. ex Cass. by Q'eqchi' Maya and indigenous healers throughout the Caribbean for inflammatory conditions prompted the study of the anti-inflammatory activity of this traditional medicine. The objectives of this study were to conduct a detailed ethnobotanical investigation of the uses of N. lobata by the Q'eqchi' Maya of Belize for a variety of inflammatory symptoms and to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract and isolated sesquiterpene lactones. The crude 80% EtOH extract of N. lobata leaves administered at 100 μg/mL reduced LPS-stimulated TNF-α production in THP-1 monocytes by 72% relative to the stimulated vehicle control. Isolated sesquiterpene lactones, neurolenins B, C+D, lobatin B and 9α-hydroxy-8β-isovalerianyloxy-calyculatolide were more active (IC50=0.17-2.32 μM) than the positive control parthenolide (IC50=4.79 μM). The results provide a pharmacological and phytochemical basis for the traditional use of this leaf for inflammatory conditions.

Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extracts and fractions of Mangifera indica

ObjectiveTo evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extracts and fractions of Mangifera indica in in vitro conditions. MethodsIn vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity and lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition assays were used to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities respectively. Methanolic extract (MEMI), successive water extract (SWMI) and ethyl acetate fraction (EMEMI), n-butanol fraction (BMEMI) and water soluble fraction (WMEMI) of methanolic extract were evaluated along with respective reference standards. ResultsIn in vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity, the MEMI, EMEMI and BMEMI have offered significant antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 13.37, 3.55 and 14.19 μg/mL respectively. Gallic acid, a reference standard showed significant antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 1.88 and found to be more potent compared to all the extracts and fractions. In in vitro LOX inhibition assay, the MEMI, EMEMI and BMEMI have showed significant inhibition of LOX enzyme activity with IC50 values of 96.71, 63.21 and 107.44 μg/mL respectively. While, reference drug Indomethacin also offered significant inhibition against LOX enzyme activity with IC50 of 57.75. Furthermore, MEMI was found to more potent than SWMI and among the fractions EMEMI was found to possess more potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the MEMI and EMEMI possess potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in in vitro conditions.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Brownlowia tersa (L.) Kosterm

The present study was designed to investigate the inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Brownlowia tersa (L.) Kosterm. The anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract was studied using carrageenan and histamine-induced rat paw edema test at different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight). DPPH free radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, reducing power, Fe++ ion chelating ability and total phenolic content were used for determining antioxidant activities. The extract, at the dose of 400 mg/kg, showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity (P < 0.01) both in the carrageenan and histamine-induced edema test models in rats showing 54.76 % and 56.96 % reduction in the paw volume comparable to that produced by the standard drug indomethacin (64.88 % and 67.09 %) at 4 h respectively. In DPPH free radical scavenging test, IC50 value for ethanolic extract was found fairly significant 39.33 μg/ml when compared to the IC50 value of the reference standards ascorbic acid and Butylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA) (3.16 and 5.81 μg/ml) respectively. The IC50 values of the extract and ascorbic acid were 99.06 and 39.35 μg/ml, respectively in nitric oxide scavenging assay. The maximum absorbance for reducing power assay was found to be 1.276 at 100 μg/ml when compared to 2.821 and 1.231 for standard ascorbic acid and BHA respectively. The IC50 value of the extract as percentage of Fe++ ion chelating ability was also found significant compared to that of EDTA. The total phenolic content was 211.82 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent. Acute toxicity test showed that the plant might be safe for pharmacological uses up to a dose level of 3,200 mg/kg of body weight in rats. Therefore, the obtained results suggest the acute anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of Brownlowia tersa leaves and thus provide the scientific basis for the traditional uses of this plant part as a remedy for pain and inflammations.

Anti-inflammatory (invitro) activity of the Leaves of Ficus gibbosa Blume.by HRBC Membrane stabilisation

Plants have been used as alternative remedy for the treatment of various ailments since ancient times. Phytochemical analysis, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract of Ficus gibbosa were studied. The methanolic leaf extract was tested for the presence of phytochemicals. Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of saponins, tannins, glycosides, alkaloids and flavonoids. Since many flavonoids have remarkable anti inflammatory activity the present work aims at evaluating the anti inflammatory activity of Ficus gibbosa by HRBC membrane stabilization.

Anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract and fractions of Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg (Burseraceae)

Seeking for new medicinal compounds in plants used in traditional medicine, which grow in Venezuela, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf hexane extract (HE) and several fractions obtained from sp. Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. (Indio desnudo) using carrageenan-induced paw edema inflammation. Oral administration of leaf HE as well I (91–100) fraction, and compounds VIII 25–26 and VIII 29, inhibited the carrageenan-induced paw edema with different capacity and time course, over a period of 7 h. The anti-inflammatory effect was comparable to that of the reference drug phenylbutazone (80 mg/kg, p.o.). Included in fraction I (91–100), Vitamin E was identified as one of its components and compound VIII 29 was identified as a methyl-β-peltatin A. The comparison of the anti-inflammatory activity of VIII 29 fraction with the corresponding standard of methyl-β-peltatin A, suggest that this compound could be one of the active principles involved in the anti-inflammatory activity of Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. leave . Our results contribute to the pharmacological support of the use of Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. as anti-inflammatory in the ethnomedicinal practice.

Anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract of Verbena officinalis L.

The anti-inflammatory activity of a 50% methanol extract of the leaves of Verbena officinalis L. was investigated on topical and oral administration. In the TPA-induced ear inflammation model, the extract showed a high reduction of edema, but in the carrageenin-induced rat paw edema the effect observed was less at the two doses employed. These results confirm the use of this plant in folk medicine as a topical anti-inflammatory, herbal drug.

Anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extracts of Eugenia jambos in rats

The anti-inflammatory activities of four organic extracts from the leaves of Eugenia jambos were investigated in rats using the Mizushima et al. model of acute and chronic inflammation (Mizushima et al. (1972) Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 24, 781–785). Orally administered organic extracts of E. jambos (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol), given at daily doses equivalent to 12.5 g/kg of dried leaf material, inhibited both the acute and chronic phases of this experimental model of inflammation. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were the most effective and were equal or more effective than 80 mg/kg of phenylbutazone. The methanolic extract was the most active in the chronic phase. A 10% aqueous extract (infusion) of the leaves tested in the same model was more effective than all of the organic extracts.