Anti-inflammatory Activity Of Hydroalcoholic Extract Research Articles

Evaluation of wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity of hydro-alcoholic extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of Clerodendrum myricoides (Lamiaceae) in mice.

Wounds significantly affect people's quality of life and the clinical and financial burden of healthcare systems around the world. Many of the current drugs used to treat wounds have problems such as; allergies and drug resistance. Hence, the exploration of new therapeutic agents from natural origin may avert this problem. Clerodendrum myricoides have long been used to treat wounds in Ethiopia. Despite this, nothing has so far been reported about the wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity of C. myricoides. This study aimed to evaluate the wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity of 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of C. myricoides leaves in mice. Leaves of C. myricoides were extracted using the maceration technique. The extract was formulated as 5% and 10% w/w ointments. The wound healing activity of the extract was evaluated using excision, incision, and burn wound models whereas the healing activities of solvent fractions were evaluated using the excision wound model. A carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used for the anti-inflammatory test. In the dermal toxicity test, 2000 mg/kg of 10% extract was found to be safe. In excision and burn wound models, treatment with 10% and 5% extract showed a significant (p<0.001) wound contraction. Solvent fractions of the extract significantly reduced wound contraction. A significant reduction in periods of epithelialization and favorable histopathology changes were shown by extract ointments. In incision wounds, 10% (p<0.001) and 5% (p<0.01) extracts significantly increase skin-breaking strength. After one hour of treatment, 400 mg/kg (p<0.001) and 200 mg/kg (p<0.05) showed significant reduction in paw edema. Results of this study indicate that 80% methanol extract and the solvent fraction of the leaves of C. myricoides possess wound-healing and anti-inflammatory activity and support traditional claims.

Characterization of Health Beneficial Components in Discarded Leaves of Three Escarole (Cichorium endivia L.) Cultivar and Study of Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities.

Plants of genus Cichorium (Asteraceae) can be used as vegetables with higher nutritional value and as medicinal plants. This genus has beneficial properties owing to the presence of a number of specialized metabolites such as alkaloids, sesquiterpene lactones, coumarins, unsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Cichorium endivia L., known as escarole, has achieved a common food status due to its nutritionary value, bitter taste, and the presence of healthy components, and is eaten cooked or raw in salads. Presently, wastes derived from the horticultural crops supply chain are generated in very large amounts. Vegetable waste comprises the discarded leaves of food sources produced during collection, handling, transportation, and processing. The external leaves of Cichorium endivia L. are a horticultural crop that is discarded. In this work, the phytochemical profile, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from discarded leaves of three cultivars of escarole (C. endivia var. crispum 'Capriccio', C. endivia var. latifolium 'Performance' and 'Leonida') typical horticultural crop of the Campania region were investigated. In order to describe a metabolite profile of C. endivia cultivars, the extracts were analysed by HR/ESI/Qexactive/MS/MS and NMR. The careful analysis of the accurate masses, the ESI/MS spectra, and the 1H NMR chemical shifts allowed for the identification of small molecules belonging to phenolic, flavonoid, sesquiterpene, amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acid classes. In addition, the antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated using cell-free and cell-based assays, as well as their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activity. All the extracts showed similar radical-scavenging ability while significant differences between the three investigated cultivars emerged in the cell-based assays. The obtained data were ascribed to the content of polyphenols and sesquiterpenes in the extracts. Accordingly, C. endivia by-products can be deemed an interesting material for healthy product formulations.

Hepatoprotective and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Oxalis debilis Kunth. Leaves

This study aimed to investigate hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Oxalis debilis (ODHE) leaves. Acute oral toxicity evaluated ODHE in graded oral doses (100, 500, 1000, 3000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight) in rats. The hepatoprotective activity was evaluated in CCl4 intoxicated rats at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight doses of ODHE, while anti-inflammatory activity was determined by carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats at 200, 400, 800 mg/kg body weight doses of ODHE. The ODHE was safe at the highest dose of 5000 mg/kg in experimental rats. In hepatoprotective activity, ODHE significantly reduced the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TB) levels as compared to the CCl4control group. On the other hand, ODHE showed an anti-inflammatory effect similar to that of the control group in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The histopathological findings showed a significant difference between the ODHE (400 mg/kg) and CCl4 groups. The present experiment showed that ODHE has significant hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Results confirm the use of O. debilis in folk medicine in the treatment of hepatotoxicity and inflammation.

Anti-inflammatory Potentials of Fibraurea tinctoria Leaves Extract in Experimental Rats or Animals

The activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Fibraurea tinctoria leaves and anti-inflammatory was investigated. We utilized rats for which oedema was induced by carrageenan. The extract of Fibraurea tinctoria leaves was administered orally at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Paw oedema was significantly minimized using all prepared doses of the extract administered. The 400 mg/kg dose producing the highest oedema reduction. The Percent Inhibition with hydroalcoholic extract of Fibraurea tinctoria and Indomethacin were 67.6% and 68.49% respectively. We concluded that this study has established the anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Fibraurea tinctoria leaves. I believe the results justify the traditional uses of the plant in the treatment of wounds and inflammation.

A PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS EXTRACT ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Introduction: Calendula officinalis is one of those plants which have medicinal importance due to its flowers has pharmacological activity the important pharmacological parameters have been less investigated properly and can be scientifically proved by reverse pharmacology. It was found of interest to evaluate these properties of extract of flowers of Calendula officinalis scientifically in experimental models.&#x0D; Methods: Study was conducted in Albino Wistar rats.Fresh Calendula officinalis flowers were collected, extraction and drug formulation was made. Anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis (HECO) flowers was studied in the Carrageenan induced paw edema model &amp; Cotton pellet induced granuloma models The differences between experimental groups were compared by ANOVA followed by Students “t” unpaired test.&#x0D; Results: The Calendula officinalis extract of flowers at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant and highly significant inhibition (p&lt; 0.05 and p&lt;0.001, respectively) of paw edema after giving the carrageenan in the rat paw in comparison of control. In cotton pellets induced granuloma pouch method also, the Hydrochloric extract of Calendula officinalis (HECO) flowers showed very significant reduction of weight of granuloma (p&lt;0.01) with 22.80% protection as compared with control.&#x0D; Conclusion: We conclude that the Anti-inflammatory activity was noted with Hydrochloric extract of Calendula officinalis in a dose-dependent manner in acute (carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model) as well as sub-acute (cotton pellet induced granuloma model) inflammatory experimental models. They decrease the chemical mediators of inflammation&#x0D; Key Words: Calendula Officinalis, anti inflammation, Paw Edema Model, granuloma pouch method , HECO

Determination of phytochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and protein binding qualities of hydroethanolic extract of Celastrus paniculatus

The study was performed to check the chemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial and protein binding qualities of the hydro-ethanolic extract of Celastrus paniculatus (CP). Hydro-ethanolic extract of CP exhibited low antibacterial and antifungal activities. Excellent antioxidant activities (60-80 %) were noticed for various antioxidant assays viz DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), MC (Metal chelating), FRAP (Ferric reducing), SA (Superoxide radical), and NO (Nitric oxide). Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavanoids content (TFC) of the extract was 1.38±0.15 mg/g (expressed in equivalents to gallic acid) and 8.91±0.21 mg (expressed in equivalents quercetin) respectively. Moreover, at p ≤ 0.05, significant linear correlation was noticed between the TFC/TPC and antioxidant activities favoured which highlights the medicinal property of CP. Protein binding assay was performed and an observed binding constant (1.11±0.92×10-5 µM-1) was almost close to control (aspirin). Anti-inflammatory assay revealed potent anti-inflammatory activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of CP. These significant findings of CP may provide compelling scientific evidence of its therapeutic potential.

Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Protein Binding Qualities of Hydro-ethanolic Extract of Tinospora cordifolia

The study was performed to check the chemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial and protein binding qualities of the hydro-ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (TC). In qualitative and quantitative analysis of extract, the major compounds were tinocordioside, cordifolide A, palmatine, quercetin, β-sitosterol, heptacosanol, and syringin. Hydro-ethanolic extract of TC exhibited low antibacterial and antifungal activities. Excellent antioxidant activities (60–80 %) were noticed for various antioxidant assays viz DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), MC (Metal chelating), FRAP (Ferric reducing), SA (Superoxide radical), and NO (Nitric oxide). Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavanoids content (TFC) of the extract was 2.38±0.15 mg/g (expressed in equivalents to gallic acid) and 18.91±0.21 mg (expressed in equivalents quercetin) respectively. Moreover, at p < 0.05, significant linear correlation was noticed between the TFC/TPC and antioxidant activities favoured which highlights the medicinal property of TC. Protein binding assay was performed and an observed binding constant (1.03±0.92×10-5 μM-1) was almost close to control (aspirin). Anti-inflammatory assay revealed potent anti-inflammatory activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of TC. These significant findings of TC may provide compelling scientific evidence of its therapeutic potential.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Hydroalcoholic extract of Ananas cosmosus fruit peel by HRBC membrane stabilisation.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Hydroalcoholic extract of <i>Ananas cosmosus</i> fruit peel by HRBC membrane stabilisation.

Anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extract of mimosa pudica whole plant in rats

Background: Mimosa pudica is a traditionally used folk medicine to treat various disorders like infections, anxiety, depression, bleeding disorders, convulsions, rheumatoid arthritis, muscular pain, asthma, snake bite etc. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Mimosa pudica whole plant (HAEMPWP) in rats.Methods: HAEMPWP was prepared using Soxhlets apparatus. Acute toxicity tests were done with HAEMPWP given orally to albino rats in increasing doses up to 3200 mg/ kg body weight. The anti-inflammatory action was evaluated by Carrageenan induced paw edema method. Thirty albino rats were grouped into five groups and each contained six rats. Group I (control group) received distilled water orally. Group II (standard) received Aspirin orally dissolved in distilled water. Groups III, IV and V received HAEMPWP in doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800mg/kg orally dissolved in distilled water. Data analysis was done by one way ANOVA and unpaired t test using SPSS 16 for windows.Results: HAEMPWP showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity as compared to control. There was no statistically significant dose dependent increase in the anti-inflammatory activity.Conclusions: HAEMPWP possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity and could be an effective treatment option for various inflammatory conditions.

Hepatoprotective and Anti-inflammatory activities of Hydroalcoholic extract of Bark of Erythrina indica

Hepatoprotective and Anti-inflammatory activities of Hydroalcoholic extract of Bark of <i>Erythrina indica</i>

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Piper betle leaves in experimental animals

Background: Piper betle leaf, commonly known as ‘paan’ has long been known for its various medicinal properties in traditional medicine but certain properties have remained less explored. We tried to assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Piper betle leaves. Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract of Piper betle leaves (HEPBL) was extracted using soxhlet apparatus and its phytochemical analysis was performed. Wistar rats and Albino mice were used for all the experiments. Acute toxicity study was also done according to OECD guideline no.425 and the test doses were decided accordingly. The experimental models of tail-flick method and acetic acid induced writhing were used to study the analgesic activity whereas carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma models were used for anti-inflammatory action. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's test. Results: HEPBL showed significant analgesic activity at the doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, and showed significant anti-inflammatory activity at the doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. The sub-therapeutic dose of HEPBL at 50 mg/kg also potentiated the analgesic effect of sub-therapeutic doses of standard analgesics. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of P.betle may be attributed to the presence of various phyto constituents’ viz. flavonoids, tannins, phenols and glycosides. Conclusions: HEPBL has significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in experimental animals in our study.

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of hydro-alcoholic extract of Lavandula officinalis in mice: possible involvement of the cyclooxygenase type 1 and 2 enzymes

Lavandula officinalis Chaix, Lamiaceae, extracts can inhibit inflammation and also pain induced by formalin in mice. This study evaluated the effects of L. officinalis hydro-alcoholic extract on pain induced by formalin and also cyclooxygenase (COX) type 1 and 2 activity in mice. To evaluate probable analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract, flowers were prepared by maceration and extraction in alcohol and their analgesic effects were studied in male mice, using formalin and hot plate tests. The effect of intraperitoneal hydro-alcoholic extracts of L. officinalis (100, 200, 250, 300, 400 and 800mg/kg), subcutaneous morphine (10mg/kg), dexamethasone (10mg/kg; i.p.) and indomethacin (10mg/kg; i.p.) on formalin induced pain were studied. Our results indicated that administration of the extract (100, 200, 250, 300, 400 and 800mg/kg; i.p.) has inhibitory effects on inflammation induced by formalin injection into the animals hind paw. Moreover, this inhibitory effect was equal to the effects of morphine, dexamethasone and indomethacin. The extract in100, 200 and 300mg/kg; significantly reduced heat-induced pain. The extract also reduced COX activity in dose dependent manner, where the inhibitory effect on COX1 activity was 33% and on COX2 activity was 45%. Here for the first time we show that L. officinialis extract can modulate pain and inflammation induced by formalin by inhibition of COX enzymes.

Acute oral toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Lampaya medicinalis Phil in rats

BackgroundAlgesia and inflammation are related with several pathological conditions. It is known that many drugs available for the treatment of these problems cause unwanted side effects. This study was aimed at evaluating acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of Lampaya medicinalis Phil. (Verbenaceae) widely used in the folk medicine of Northern Chile against rheumatism, arthritis and body joints pain.ResultsOral administration of hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) at the highest dose of 3000 mg/ Kg body weight resulted in no mortalities or evidence of significant behavioral changes. Histological examination revealed normal architecture and no significant adverse effects were observed on the liver, kidney, heart, lung or ovaries and testicles. The results suggest that the oral administration of hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) from Lampaya medicinalis did not produce any toxic effect in rats. Hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema in dose – response relationship, at test doses of 37.5, 75, 150 and 300 mg/Kg body weight. Maximum inhibition (61.98 ± 2.69%) was noted at 300 mg/Kg after 2 h of drug treatment carrageenan induced paw edema, whereas indomethacin produced 47.90 ± 1.16% of inhibition. The inhibitory values of edema at 3 h postcarrageenan were 31.04±0.75%, 40.51 ± 2.36%, 48.97 ± 1.14% and 56.87 ± 0.41% for 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg of extract respectively. Indomethacin (10 mg/Kg) gave a percentage inhibition of 49.44 ± 1.44. HAE (300 and 150 mg/kg) induced an anti-inflammatory effect greater than (or comparable) with the effect of indomethacin from 2nd to 4th hours of the experiment.ConclusionsOur results reveal for first time that compounds contained in the hydroalcoholic extract of Lampaya medicinalis Phil exert anti-inflammatory effect and the oral administration is safe and non toxic up to dose level 3000 mg/kg body weight. The anti-inflammatory activity may be associated with the presence of flavonoids. These findings also justify the traditional use of the plant for treating pain.

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of extract and two isolated flavonoids of Carthamus tinctorius L

Ethnopharmacological relevanceSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) has been long used both in the traditional system and folk medicine as an analgesic anti-inflammatory agent in China. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of hydroalcoholic extract (HE) and two isolated kaempferol glycosides of Carthamus tinctorius L. to provide experimental evidence for its traditional use. Materials and methodsAntinociceptive effects of HE, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (K-3-R) and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (K-3-G) were assessed in mice using the acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin test and cinnamaldehyde test. The anti-inflammatory effects of HE, K-3-R and K-3-G were determined in two animal models: carrageenan-induced paw edema and xylene-induced ear edema. ResultsThe HPLC analysis showed the presence of K-3-R and K-3-G in Carthamus tinctorius L. HE (500 and 1000mg/kg) as well as K-3-R and K-3-G (150, 300 and 600mg/kg) produced significant inhibition on nociception induced by acetic acid and formalin. Oral treatment of HE, K-3-R and K-3-G at all doses significantly reduced both the nociceptive response and cinnamaldehyde-induced paw edema, effect that was superior to aspirin. In anti-inflammatory tests, HE and K-3-G significantly inhibited the paw edema during the both phases of carrageenan-induced inflammation while K-3-G suppressed the late phase inflammation only. HE (400 and 800mg/kg) and K-3-G (200, 400, 800mg/kg) produced significant dose-dependent inhibition of xylene-induced ear edema development. K-3-R only suppressed ear edema formation at a high dose (800mg/kg). ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that Carthamus tinctorius L. extract possess remarkable antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities which may be due to K-3-R and K-3-G at least in part, supporting the folkloric usage of the plant to treat various inflammatory and pain diseases.

The Study of Antinociceptive Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Teucrium oliverianum (A Plant Use in Southern Iranian Traditional Medicine) in Rat by Formalin Test

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of hydroalcoholic extract of Teucrium Oliverianum were investigated by formalin test model. This study was conducted in on the male Wistar rats, weighting 150-180 g. The animals were divided into seven groups (n = 7) and received 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg kg(-1) of hydroalcoholic extract of teucrium oliverianum intraperitoneally, respectively. Negative control group received normal saline (5 mL kg(-1)) and the positive control groups received 2.5 mg kg(-1) morphine and 300 mg kg(-1) aspirin, intraperitoneally respectively. The results showed that all doses of extract have significant analgesic effect (p < 0.05) in all studies times in comparison with negative control. The best result achieved with 600 mg kg(-1) of extract. The result revealed that the analgesic effect of the extract (600 mg kg(-1)) \was less than aspirin (300 mg kg(-1)) on the second phase of pain and less than morphine (2.5 mg kg(-1)) in both phases of the pain, more than aspirin in first phase of pain. One group of animals was treated with naloxone (1 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and suitable dose of extract (600 mg kg(-1), i.p.). Also, Naloxone inhibited analgesic effect of alcoholic extract of Teucrium Oliverianum. It can be concluded that the alcoholic extract of Teucrium oliverianum may exert its effect through opioid receptors, stimulating GABAergic system or promotes the release of endogenous opipeptides or decreasing free radicals.

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the hydroalcoholic extract from Gloriosa superba Linn

Gloriosa supberba (family: Liliaceae) is widely used as a medicinal plant, and the alkaloids from the plant (Colchicines and Gloriosine)are used in the treatment of gout and rheumatism. We evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of hydroalcoholic extract (50% v/v) of dried aerial parts of G. superba. The analgesic activity of the extract was evaluated by using Eddy’s hot plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing method. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using the cotton wool granuloma model and the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The percentage inhibitions of writhes or percentage protection were found to be 64.09%, 78.56% and 81.45% for extract at a dose 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively, in the acetic acid-induced writhing method (P <0.01) when compared with control. The percentage increase in reaction time at 90 minutes were 21.02%, 79.96% and 158.05% for extract at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively, in Eddy’s hot plate method (P <0.01) when compared with control. The percentage inhibition of paw edema was increased with time and gave maximum effect at 2 hours, then declined in case of standard extract 400 mg/kg body weight. Only the 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight extracts exhibited significant result (P <0.05) when compared with control. The rats exhibited 9.59%, 28.72% and 45.8% inhibition of granuloma mass formation after the 7 days treatment with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of extract when compared with control (P <0.05) in cotton pellet granuloma. Key words: Gloriosa supberba, analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory activity

Potent anti-inflammatory activities of hydroalcoholic extract from aerial parts of Stachys inflata on rats

Extracts obtained from aerial parts of Stachys inflata have been used in Iranian folk medicine in infective, rheumatic and other inflammatory disorders. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory properties of total methanol extract isolated from aerial parts of Stachys inflata were investigated in two well-characterised inflammatory models in rats, carrageenan-induced paw oedema and formalin-induced paw licking. Intraperitoneal injection of the extract, 60 min before induction of inflammation, revealed a dose-related inhibition of carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema over the dose range 50–200 mg/kg. In the formalin test, the extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) had no effect against the first phase (0–5 min) of the formalin-induced pain, but all three doses produced a significant blockade of the second phase ( P<0.001). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was determined, and a histopathological study was carried out in paw tissue 4 h after induction of inflammation. The hydroalcoholic extract (200 mg/kg) substantially reduced MPO activity ( P<0.05), which was increased in the control group. Histological examination showed a marked reduction in tissue injury and inhibition in neutrophil infiltration in rats treated with the extract (200 mg/kg).