Anti-fatigue Effects Research Articles

Ingestion of taxifolin-rich foods affects brain activity, mental fatigue, and the whole blood transcriptome in healthy young adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

The antioxidant properties of polyphenols, which are found in most plants, have been shown to be useful for maintaining health, including enhancing brain function and alleviating stress. We aimed to investigate the effect of a single intake of taxifolin-containing foods on cognitive task performance and whole blood gene expression in healthy young adults. This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial in which healthy young adults were administered a single dose of either a placebo or food containing taxifolin. Cognitive tests (serial 3s, serial 7s, and rapid visual information processing) to examine brain activity and visual analog scale questionnaires to analyze mental fatigue were applied. The set of tests was repeated four times. The findings showed that taxifolin intake improved calculation abilities and reduced mental fatigue. An analysis of whole blood gene expression before and after the test revealed that the expression of foreign substance removal-related genes increased following the ingestion of taxifolin and that most differentially expressed genes were enriched in granulocytes. Taxifolin intake was shown to affect the brain activity of healthy young adults and demonstrated an antifatigue effect, thereby reducing subjective fatigue. A single intake of taxifolin may enhance the removal of foreign substances by strengthening the innate immune system and suppressing the occurrence of injury.

Caffeine-Supplemented Diet Prevents Fatigue-Like Behavior in Tumor-Bearing Mice

Caffeine is a widely consumed stimulant, known for its positive effects on physical and mental performance. These effects are potentially beneficial for ameliorating cancer-related fatigue, which affects the quality of life of patients with cancer. This study aimed to determine the anti-fatigue and antitumor effects of caffeine in tumor-bearing mice. BALB/c mice were intravenously injected with C26 colon carcinoma cells and fed with normal or 0.05% caffeine-supplemented diet. Fatigue-like behavior was assessed by running performance using a treadmill test. Lung, blood, liver, muscle, and epididymal adipose tissue samples were collected on day 13 and examined. The antitumor effect of caffeine was assessed using subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice fed with 0.05% caffeine-supplemented diet, and the tumor volume was measured. C26 tumor-bearing mice showed fatigue-like behavior associated with hypoglycemia, depleted liver glycogen and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. C26 tumor-bearing mice fed with 0.05% caffeine-supplemented diet showed improved running performance associated with restored NEFA levels. However, exacerbated hypoglycemia and liver glycogen levels after caffeine consumption may be due to tumor-induced catabolic signals, as the tumor volume was not affected. Collectively, caffeine may exert anti-fatigue effects through enhanced lipolysis leading to restored NEFA levels, which can be used as an alternative energy source.

Antifatigue and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cervus elaphus L., Angelica gigas Nakai, and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge Complex Extracts in Physically Fatigued Mice

Fatigue is a common complaint among people under stress, causing an array of negative effects on physical function. In this study, we investigated the antifatigue and anti-inflammatory effects of Cervus elaphus L., Angelica gigas Nakai, and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge complex extracts (CAA) using a treadmill stress test in animal models. The mice were administered various doses of CAA (50-200 mg/kg bw per day) once daily for 21 days. After exhaustive treadmill exercise, the running time of CAA-treated mice increased 1.5 times; fatigue-related biochemical parameters, including lactate dehydrogenase (∼30%), creatine kinase (∼20%), and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β (∼10%), and IL-6 (∼10%) in the serum and muscle tissue were downregulated compared with those in exercised control mice. This study provides strong evidence for the prevention of CAA-induced inflammatory incidences mediated by the blockade of nuclear factor-κB activation. Collectively, our results indicate that CAA can alleviate symptoms of fatigue in mice as an effective anti-inflammatory agent.

Gastrodin ameliorates exercise-induced fatigue via modulating Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting inflammation in mice

Gastrodia elata Bl. is traditional Chinese medicine used to alleviate fatigue, but its underlying mechanism is still unclear. This study explored the anti-fatigue mechanism of gastrodin by exercise-induced fatigue model and network pharmacology. This study found that gastrodin (200 mg/kg/day) had significant anti-fatigue effects in C57BL/6J mice based on mouse energy and endurance measurements. Gastrodin could effectively ameliorate biochemical indexes in the fatigue mice. The putative targets of “Gastrodin” and “Fatigue” were obtained by integrating multiple databases, and a virtual network containing 220 interactive targets was constructed by STRING and Cytoscape. Functional annotation analysis of these targets by g:Profiler showed that they mainly contribute to the cellular processes, protein binding, and other functions and participate in metabolic pathways, cancer pathways, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, etc. We found that oxidation and inflammatory factors played an important role in the virtual network of gastrodin anti-fatigue, which was supported by microarray dataset analysis and a molecular docking prediction. Additionally, real time-quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis indicated that gastrodin could promote the activation of the Nrf2 signal pathway, which could activate HO-1 and NQO1; gastrodin also could down-regulate the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. In summary, gastrodin can ameliorate exercise-induced fatigue by modulating the Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting expressions of inflammatory factors, this provides a new clue for the development of gastrodin-functional foods or anti-fatigue drugs.

Caffeine combined with taurine improves cognitive function and locomotor performance in sleep-deprived mice

• Caffeine and taurine (C&T) synergistically relieve sleep-deprived (SD) fatigue. • C&T improve SD-induced cognition deficits and locomotor imbalance. • C&T act as multiple roles in the actions against both central and physical fatigue. • Anti-fatigue effect of C&T is closely related to oxidative stress, inflammatory factors. Sleep deprivation negatively influences cognitive function and locomotor performance. In this study, a sleep-deprived mice model was used to evaluate the protective effects of caffeine combined with taurine (C&T, 4.35, 8.70, 13.05 g/kg) on fatigue and the underlying mechanisms, showing that a high concentration of combined caffeine and taurine significantly increased the movement speed in the open field by 47 % (3.69 vs 5.42 cm/s, P < 0.05) and in the Y maze (3.31 vs 6.40 cm/s, P < 0.01). Combined caffeine and taurine improved the cognitive deficits and locomotor imbalance caused by sleep deprivation. Additionally, after weight-loaded swimming test, the caffeine and taurine-treated mice had increased glycogen content and antioxidant enzyme activity and significantly reduced serum inflammatory factors indicating that the mechanism may involve reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. In conclusion, combined caffeine and taurine may be a potential treatment for preventing and improving fatigue.

Cordycepin exhibits anti-fatigue effect via activating TIGAR/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway

Fatigue, a most commonly sub-health condition, may cause people more susceptible to many diseases. Cordycepin, a principal active ingredient from Cordyceps militaris, exerts various pharmacological activities including anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects. However, the anti-fatigue effect of cordycepin and specific mechanism remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of cordycepin on physical fatigue and elucidate the potential mechanism. 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg of cordycepin and 500 mg/kg taurine were respectively treated to mice for 28 days before weight-loaded swimming test. The results revealed that cordycepin significantly prolonged the weight-loaded swimming time of mice. Meanwhile, cordycepin decreased the levels of lactic acid, blood uric nitrogen, and malondialdehyde, and increased the contents of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, hepatic glycogen, muscle glycogen and ATP. The metabolomic study by GC-MS showed that eight biomarkers were found in livers, including L-lactic acid, L-asparagine, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, inosine, D-galactose, L-tyrosine, glyceric acid and L-threonine. There were seven biomarkers in gastrocnemius, including D-ribose-5-phosphate, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, palmitic acid, oxaloacetic acid and citric acid. The results of metabolomics indicated that cordycepin might relieve fatigue by regulating energy metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway. Furthermore, we found cordycepin significantly enhanced the protein levels of TIGAR, SIRT1, PGC-1α, NRF1 and TFAM in gastrocnemius of weight-loaded swimming mice. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that cordycepin possessed an anti-fatigue effect via activating TIGAR/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Our study indicated that cordycepin may be a potentially efficient candidate for fatigue.

The antifatigue effects of Ginseng compound on mice in acute hypoxic environment

目的: 在模拟海拔6 000 m高原低氧环境中观察人参复方对急性低氧小鼠抗疲劳的作用。方法: 将SPF级昆明小鼠分为正常组、缺氧模型组、阳性对照组(红景天)、人参复方低剂量组(1.0 g/kg)、中剂量组(2.0 g/kg)、高剂量组(3.0 g/kg),正常组和缺氧模型组灌等量生理盐水,按10 ml/kg体质量每天灌胃一次,连续灌胃给药14 d,利用特殊环境人工低压氧舱模拟海拔6 000 m建立小鼠急性低氧模型,除正常组外,其余组小鼠均置于人工低压氧舱中,历时24 h,然后进行负重游泳,记录小鼠负重游泳力竭时间,检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌糖原(MG)、肝糖原(Gly)、乳酸(LA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量。结果: 与缺氧模型组相比,人参复方对小鼠负重游泳力竭时间显著延长(P＜0.05);与正常组相比,人参复方低、中、高剂量组血清中LA、Gly含量均显著升高(P＜0.05);与阳性对照组相比,人参复方高剂量组血清中LA含量显著升高(P＜0.05);与缺氧模型组相比,人参复方低、中、高剂量组血清中BUN、LA含量显著降低(P＜ 0.05),肝糖原中Gly含量显著升高(P＜0.05),人参复方中、高剂量组血清中ATP、LDH含量、肌糖原中MG含量显著升高(P＜ 0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P＜0.05),人参复方高剂量组SOD含量显著升高(P＜0.05)。结论: 人参复方可显著提高急性低氧环境中小鼠抗疲劳作用。.

Five Natural Active Ingredients Achieve Anti-fatigue Function by Synergistic Antioxidation and Regulating the Structure of Intestinal Flora

In this study, the synergistic anti-fatigue effects of five natural active ingredients (anthocyanin, tea polyphenol, Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, ginsenoside, salidroside) and their effects on intestinal flora in mice were investigated. Synergistic antioxidant in vitro showed that when ginsenoside: Lycium barbarum polysaccharide: salidroside = 2:1:6 (4 mg/mL), the maximum experimental scavenging capacity (ESC) of the system was 124.73±5.32 μmol Trolox/L, the synergistic effect (SE) was 2.75. Natural active ingredients of different concentrations and formulations were orally administered to mice. The results showed that compared with control group, the group H (Ginsenoside/Lycium barbarum polysaccharide/Salidroside (2/1/6) 200 mg kg-1 d-1) can significantly increase the exhausting swimming time, decreasing the content of blood lactic acid (BLA), serum urea nitrogen (BUN), and malondialdehyde (MDA), which were accompanied by a corresponding increase in liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), liver glycogen content (LG) (p 0.05). The relative abundances of Verrucomicrobiota and Rokubacteria in group H were significantly decreased (p Acidobacteria, Parasutterella and Deferribacteres were significantly increased (p < 0.05). These data suggest that ginsenoside, Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, and salidroside achieve synergistic anti-fatigue effects by regulating intestinal flora and oxidative stress.

A study on anti-fatigue effects in rats by nanoemulsion and liposome prepared from American ginseng root residue extract

Ginseng root residue, a by-product obtained during ginseng beverage processing, was shown to contain a high amount of ginsenosides. This study aims to prepare nanoemulsion and liposome from American ginseng root residue extract (AGRE-NE and AGRE-LP) for evaluation of anti-fatigue effects in rats. The AGRE-NE was prepared by mixing an appropriate ratio of ginseng root residue extract, soybean oil, lecithin, Tween 80 and deionized water, while the AGRE-LP prepared by a suitable ratio of ginseng root residue, extract, Tween 80, phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, PEG400 and deionized water. Based on dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopic methods, the mean particle size was 10.4 and 12.3 nm for AGRE-NE respectively, while 53.5 and 61.2 nm for AGRE-LP. Also, both AGRE-NE and AGRE-LP showed a high stability over a 90-day storage period at 4 and 25°C, but the former possessed a lower stability at 80 and 100°C. The anti-fatigue experiment using a swimming rat model with caffeine as positive control demonstrated an extension of exhaustive swimming time and elevation of hepatic glycogen as well as a decline in both blood urea nitrogen and lactic acid levels, following administration with high and low doses of ginseng root residue extract, AGRE-NE and AGRE-LP. By comparison, both AGRE-NE and AGRE-LP showed a pronounced anti-fatigue effect in rats, with a great potential to be developed into a functional food or even a botanic drug.

Structure characterization and anti-fatigue activity of an acidic polysaccharide from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer

Ethnopharmacological relevancePanax ginseng C. A. Meyer is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has been used in China for more than 2000 years. Its traditional effect of “invigorating vitality” is mainly reflected in anti-fatigue. However, due to the difficulty of identification of polysaccharide structure, there are few reports on homogeneous ginseng polysaccharide, and the molecular mechanism of its anti-fatigue effect remains to be further explored. Aim of the studyIn order to find the homogenous ginseng polysaccharide with the most anti-fatigue effect, this study is for the first time extracted, isolated and structurally identified polysaccharide monomer from Mountain Cultivated Ginseng (MCG). Then the anti-fatigue activity and molecular mechanism were studied. Materials and methodsThe structure of ginseng acidic polysaccharide APS-1 prepared by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) was determined by acid hydrolysis/HPLC, methylation/GC-MS and NMR analysis. Anti-fatigue effect was evaluated by exhaustive swimming model, and AMPK axis-related proteins were detected by Western blot. ResultsAPS-1 significantly prolonged fatigue tolerance time, alleviated accumulation of BLA, LDH and BUN, increased activities of SOD and CAT, alleviated oxidative damage caused by MDA, increased activity of CK, regulated glycolysis, and alleviated muscle fiber contraction. The expressions of LKB1, p-AMPK, PGC-1α and Glut4 in muscle were significantly up-regulated. ConclusionsThe anti-fatigue effect of APS-1 was significantly, and the molecular mechanism may be related to the activation of AMPK axis signaling pathway to improve glucose uptake and mitochondrial function.

Deciphering the potential role of Maca compounds prescription influencing gut microbiota in the management of exercise-induced fatigue by integrative genomic analysis.

A growing number of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals have been utilized for millennia as anti-fatigue supplements in folk medicine. However, the anti-fatigue mechanism underlying is still far from being clearly explained. The aim of the study is to explore the underlying mechanism of the Maca compound preparation (MCP), a prescription for management of exercise-induced fatigue. In this study, mice weight-loaded swimming test was used to evaluate the anti-fatigue effect of MCP. MCP significantly improved the forelimb grip strength and Rota-rod test in behavioral tests via regulating energy metabolism. 16S rDNA sequencing results showed MCP can regulate the intestinal flora at the genus level by increasing several beneficial bacteria (i.e., Lactobacillus, Akkermansia and etc.), and decreasing the harmful bacteria (i.e., Candidatus_Planktophila and Candidatus_Arthromitus), where notable high relevance was observed between the fatigue-related biomarkers and fecal microbiota. The results of microbial function analysis suggested that MCP might improve exercise-induced fatigue by enhancing energy metabolism, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides and breakdown of amino acid metabolism. In addition, and H2O2-induced oxidative stress model on C2C12 cells was employed to further validate the regulation of MCP on energy metabolisms. MCP pre-treatment significantly reduced intracellular ROS accumulation, and increased glycogen content, ATP generation capacity and mitochondrial membrane potential of skeletal muscle cells, as well as conferred anti-cell necrosis ability. In conclusion, MCP plays a key role in regulating fatigue occurrence in exercising and gut microbiota balance, which may be of particular importance in the case of manual workers or sub-healthy populations.

Ameliorating effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) extract tablet on exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue in rats by suppressing mitophagy in skeletal muscle.

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) is widely used as a leafy vegetable and spice in China and North Africa. Recent studies have reported that fenugreek can reduce fatigue; however, its antifatigue mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential antifatigue effects of fenugreek extract (FE) on mitophagy and the underlying mechanisms. We evaluated the potential effects of FE tablet on an exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue (EEF) rat model. Oxidative stress indicators and fatigue biomarkers in the serum and skeletal muscle were detected. Mitophagy and mitochondrial morphology were observed using transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins were detected using western blot and immunofluorescence. Compared with the model group, FE enhanced the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase as well as total antioxidant capacity; however, it decreased the level of malondialdehyde in the serum and skeletal muscle after a 7-day treatment. Moreover, certain indicators of mitochondrial function, such as reactive oxygen species levels, ATP levels, cellular and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, and ATPase activity, were significantly improved in the FE group compared with the model group. Finally, we found that mitophagy was induced by exhaustive exercise and inhibited by FE. Regarding mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins, the expression levels of LC3B, FUNDC1, PGAM5, PARKIN, and PINK1 in the skeletal muscle tissue were increased in the EEF group compared with the control group. After administration of FE and a positive control drug, a significant reversal in the expression of the above-mentioned proteins was noted. Our findings demonstrate that FE exerted antifatigue effects in the EEF rat model by regulating the mitophagy-related FUNDC1/LC3B signaling pathway rather than the PINK1/PARKIN signaling pathway.

Optimization of Preparation of Bioactive Peptide by Enzymatic Hydrolysis in &amp;lt;italic&amp;gt;Katsuwonus pelamis&amp;lt;/italic&amp;gt; Using Response Surface Methodology and its Anti-fatigue Effect on Mice

Optimization of Preparation of Bioactive Peptide by Enzymatic Hydrolysis in &amp;lt;italic&amp;gt;Katsuwonus pelamis&amp;lt;/italic&amp;gt; Using Response Surface Methodology and its Anti-fatigue Effect on Mice

Effect and mechanism of Huangqi Shengmai Decoction in treatment of joint rat model of fatigue and myocardial injury

This study aims to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanism of Huangqi Shengmai Decoction(HQSMD) in the treatment of fatigue and myocardial injury in a joint rat model. Wistar rats were assigned into 4 groups: sham, model, diltiazem hydrochloride(positive control), and HQSMD. The joint model of fatigue and myocardial injury was established by 14-day exhausted swimming followed by high ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The rats in the sham group underwent a sham operation without coronary artery ligation or swimming. Since the fourth day after the ligation, swimming was continued in the model group and the drug-treated groups for the following 4 weeks. Meanwhile, the rats in the positive control group and the HQSMD group were respectively administrated intragastrically with diltiazem hydrochloride(20 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) and HQSMD(0.95 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) for 4 weeks, while the shams and the models were given the same volume of normal saline. The left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS), grip strength, and myocardial pathophysiological changes were measured to evaluate the anti-fatigue and cardioprotective effects of HQSMD. The protein levels of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1) and parkin in the myocardium were measured by Western blot to preliminarily elucidate the mechanism of HQSMD in ameliorating myocardial injury by suppressing mitochondrial autophagy. Compared with the shams, the models showed weakened heart function(LVEF and LVFS, P&lt;0.01), decreased grasping ability(P&lt;0.05), elevated blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and aldosterone(ALD) levels(P&lt;0.01), aggravated myocardial fibrosis and connective tissue hyperplasia(P&lt;0.01), and up-regulated protein levels of PINK1(P&lt;0.01) and parkin(P&lt;0.05). Four-week treatment with HQSMD increased the LVEF and LVFS levels(P&lt;0.01), enhanced the grip strength(P&lt;0.01), reduced the serum levels of BUN(P&lt;0.01) and ALD(P&lt;0.05), alleviated the pathological injury and fibrosis in the myocardium(P&lt;0.01), and down-regulated the protein levels of PINK1(P&lt;0.01) and parkin(P&lt;0.05) in heart tissue. The results demonstrate that HQSMD may alleviate myocardial fibrosis and protect myocardium by suppressing the excessive mitochondrial auto-phagic activity and reducing the excessively elevated ALD level, thereby ameliorating fatigue and myocardial injury.

Anti-fatigue effect of OM-X, fermented plant extract with lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, comparative study

The objective of this study is to elucidate how the OM-X made from many kinds of plants fermented using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria contributes to anti-fatigue. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, comparative study design was adopted. We investigated the effects of 12-week ingestion of the test food or placebo. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Chalder fatigue scale (CFS) were examined to evaluate the feeling of fatigue, and diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and Biological Antioxidant Potential (BAP) were measured to appraise comprehensive antioxidative ability. We also evaluated the safety of the food. As a result, significant differences between the two groups were detected in VAS and CFS. No safety-related matter occurred. It turned out that the ingestion of OM-X improved feelings of fatigue for healthy people with temporary fatigue. Additionally, there was no adverse effect by the ingestion of the food.

Microencapsulated hawthorn berry polyphenols alleviate exercise fatigue in mice by regulating AMPK signaling pathway and balancing intestinal microflora

• Hawthorn polyphenol microcapsule (HPM) extract improves thermal processing stability. • HPM reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in fatigued mice. • HPM improves substrate and energy metabolism in fatigued mice. • HPM alleviates fatigue in mice through AMPK pathway. • HPM improves diversity of intestinal flora in fatigued mice. This study prepared hawthorn polyphenol microcapsules (HPM) by microencapsulation and revealed that its potential mechanism of action in fatigued mice involves regulation of AMPK signaling pathway and balancing the intestinal microflora. Spray drying process improved thermal stability of hawthorn polyphenol. After HPM treatment, the weight-bearing swimming ability of fatigued mice was significantly improved (p < 0.05). HPM can effectively improve skeletal muscle substrate consumption and product metabolism and enhance antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Supplementation with HPM can provide energy through regulation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3Β pathway. HPM activated the AMPK pathway (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) to improve mitochondrial dysfunction and cell metabolism and inhibited the NF-κB inflammatory pathway (p < 0.05) in fatigued mice. In addition, HPM can exhibit an anti-fatigue effect by improving the diversity of gut microbial species. Therefore, HPM can be used as a potential anti-fatigue nutritional supplement in functional foods to alleviate exercise fatigue.

Synthesis and evaluation of 5-aminimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside derivatives as anti-fatigue agents

Fatigue has a negative influence on daily life and work, and serious or chronic fatigue can even cause health problems. Studies have shown that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) can exert anti-fatigue effects by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In this study, six AICAR derivatives with substitution at the hydroxyl sites of the ribose moiety were synthesized and evaluated as anti-fatigue agents. All of the derivatives were demonstrated to effectively resist fatigue in animal models. The mice treated with the optimal compound ZHM-01 showed an 8.6-fold greater exhaustion distance in the running wheel test and a 5.1-fold greater exhaustion time in the weight-loaded swimming test than those of the blank control group. ZHM-01 treatment also reduced lactic acid (LA) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) accumulation during exercise. In addition, ZHM-01 administration enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK but did not excite the central nervous system. Moreover, ZHM-01 showed good biological safety in a 21-day toxicity evaluation. This study provides a new reference for the development of treatments for fatigue-related health problems.

Effects of Apis Mellifera, Apis Cerana, and Trigona SP on 20 M Sprint Performance

This study aimed to determine the effect of three types of honey from three different honey bee species on increasing stamina and anti-fatigue effect by examining their effects on the biochemical process in the anaerobic pathway. Tests were carried out on humans who had met the specified criteria. The method used in this study was an experimental method involving 30 healthy students. The inclusion requirements consisted of males aged 18-20 years, weight 50-70 kilograms, height 160-170 cm, normal momentary blood sugar levels 140 mg/dL, VO2max 35-40 ml/kg/min, normal blood pressure, and not having severe diseases such as diabetes, asthma, kidney failure, hepatitis, as well as other serious diseases that hinder physical activity. Volunteers had also filled out informed consent stating their willingness to participate in the research to completion. The results of this study showed that there was a change between pre and post in each groups, indicating that each honey content had a significant impact on improving the participant performance. In addition, this study found changes in the three types of honey (Apis Mellifera, Apis Cerana, Trigona SP) in the participant running performance improvement. However, there was no significant difference between the three types of honey.

Euscaphic acid relieves fatigue by enhancing anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects

Background Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in chronic fatigue. Euscaphic acid (EA) is an active compound of Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat) and has anti-oxidative effect. Methods The goal of present study is to prove whether EA could relieve fatigue through enhancing anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in in vitro/in vivo models. Results EA notably improved activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), while EA reduced levels of malondiadehyde (MDA) and inflammatory cytokines without cytotoxicity in H2O2-stimulated in myoblast cell line, C2C12 cells. EA significantly reduced levels of fatigue-causing factors such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatin kinase (CK), while EA significantly incresed levels of anti-fatigue-related factor, glycogen compared to the H2O2-stimulated C2C12 cells. In treadmill stress test (TST), EA significantly enhanced activities of SOD and CAT as well as exhaustive time and decreased levels of MDA and inflammatory cytokines. After TST, levels of free fatty acid, citrate synthase, and muscle glycogen were notably enhanced by oral administration of EA, but EA decreased levels of lactate, LDH, cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, CK, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen compared to the control group. Furthermore, in forced swimming test, EA significantly increased levels of anti-fatigue-related factors and decreased excessive accumulations of fatigue-causing factors. Conclusions Therefore, the results indicate that potent anti-fatigue effect of EA can be achieved via the improvement of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and this study will provide scientific data for EA to be developed as a novel and efficient component in anti-fatigue health functional food.

Anti-Fatigue Effects of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide and Effervescent Tablets by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Energy Metabolism in Rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-fatigue effect of natural Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) during exercise, develop a functional anti-fatigue effervescent tablet by applying LBP to practical products, and help patients who have difficulty swallowing conventional tablets or capsules. LBP was extracted with water, and DEAE-52 cellulose was used for purification. The chemical structure and monosaccharide composition of LBP by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FI-IR) and ion chromatography (IC). Lycium barbarum polysaccharide effervescent tablets (LBPT) were prepared by mixing LBP and an excipient. Animal experiments showed that LBP and LBPT significantly increased the exhaustive swimming time in rats. LBP and LBPT improved biochemical markers in rat serum, such as lactic acid and creatine kinase, enhanced the antioxidant capacity of rat muscle, and reversed the decrease in serum glucose, ATP and glycogen content caused by exercise. Transmission electron microscopy showed that LBP and LBPT increased the density of mitochondria in rat liver. In addition, molecular experiments showed that LBP and LBPT could improve oxidative stress caused by exercise by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and regulating energy metabolism via the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway.