Antidiabetic Potential Of Aqueous Extracts Research Articles

Synthesis and bioactivity assessment of Coccinia grandis L. extract encapsulated alginate nanoparticles as an antidiabetic drug lead

Aim This study aimed to prepare, characterise, and evaluate the antidiabetic activity of Coccinia grandis (L.) extracts encapsulated alginate nanoparticles. Methods Alginate nanoparticles were prepared using the ionic gelation method and characterised by encapsulation efficiency %w/w, loading capacity %w/w, particle size analysis, zeta potential, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro antidiabetic activity was also evaluated. Results Encapsulation efficiency %w/w, loading capacity %w/w, mean diameter, zeta potential of C. grandis encapsulated alginate nanoparticles ranged from 10.51 ± 0.51 to 62.01 ± 1.28%w/w, 0.39 ± 0.04 to 3.12 ± 0.11%w/w, 191.9 ± 76.7 to 298.9 ± 89.6 nm, −21.3 ± 3.3 to −28.4 ± 3.4 mV, respectively. SEM and FTIR confirmed that particles were in nano range with spherical shape and successful encapsulation of plant extracts into an alginate matrix. The antidiabetic potential of aqueous extract of C. grandis encapsulated alginate nanoparticles (AqCG-ANP) exhibited inhibition in α-amylase, α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzymes of 60.8%c/c, 19.1%c/c, and 30.3%c/c, respectively, compared to the AqCG. Conclusion The AqCG-ANP exerted promising antidiabetic potential as an antidiabetic drug lead.

Antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of Origanum minutiflorum O. Schwarz & P. H. Davis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

In this study, the antidiabetic potential of aqueous extract of Origanum minutiflorum was tested using streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Changes in body weight, blood glucose level, biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities and histopathological examination of kidney were evaluated. The administration of aqueous extract and carvacrol to diabetic group rats caused significant decrease in blood glucose, biochemical parameters of serum and significantly increased the concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The administration of aqueous extract and carvacrol significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced the MDA level. The histopathological analysis of kidney showed that aqueous extract and carvacrol had possible ameliorative effect against kidney damage. Aqueous extract is also showed α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor activity with high antioxidant activity. These scientific results confirm the use of O. minutiflorum as adjuvant antidiabetic therapy.

Anti-diabetic Potential of Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera, Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing globally, and it is a major source of concern. This study was undertaken to assess the antidiabetic effect of the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera, Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina. Sixty adult Wistar rats with body weight of 120-150 g were randomly assigned to groups of five rats each (n=12). Group 1 served as normal control; Groups 2-5 were diabetic groups; group 2 served as negative control; group 3-5 received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of triherbal formula, respectively. The body weight (BW) and fasting blood glucose level (FBSL) of the rats were monitored weekly. At the end of the experiment, all the rats were anaesthetized intraperitoneally (I.P) and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. There was an increase in the BW of the control group and varying doses of tri-herbal formulation. It caused 88?crease in FBSL; 371.7%, 386.6% and 296.0% with respect to 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Sub-chronic study of the effect of the extract showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in packed cell volume (PCV), white blood counts in rat induced diabetes. The histological studies showed that the diabetic rats with the architecture of the pancreas distorted, was restored to normal by the extract. Its LD50 was found to be greater than 1000 mg/kg indicating its safety in rats. This study has shown that triherbal formula has hypoglycemic and hematological effects.

Evalution of Anti-Diabetic Potential of Aqueous Extract of “Luffa cylindrica” (Native Sponge/Sponge Gourd) Leaf and Seed on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

The study was carried out to evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of Luffa cylindrical (native sponge /sponge gourd) seed and leaf extracts in alloxan- induced diabetic rats. Sixteen experimental rats were divided into four groups of four rats each: a, diabetic control; b, normal control; c, diabetic rats treated with seed extract (400 mg/kg) and d, diabetic rats treated with leaf extract (400 mg/kg). The groups A, C and D rats were induced with diabetes intraperitoneally with alloxan (150 mg/kg bw). Phytochemical screening was carried out on the plant seed and leaf extracts and the following biochemical tests were carried out: blood glucose, serum lipid profile, serum alanine aminotransferase, serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, uric acid and some electrolytes like Na+, K+, HCO3-, and Cl- the administration of alloxan to experimental rats resulted in an increased level of most biochemical parameters; blood glucose, serum alanine aminotransferase, serum aspartate aminotransferase and serum alkaline phosphatase, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, creatinine, urea and uric acid. Luffa cylindrica seed and leaf extracts was administered to groups c and d diabetic rats respectively for two weeks, results were compared with normal control and diabetic control rats these parameters were found to be significantly (p&lt;0.05) high in the diabetic groups than in the normal control groups. Treatment with the plant extract significantly (p&lt;0.05) reduced elevated blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, uric acid associated with alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The plant tested positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins, negative for cardiac glycosides, phenols, resins, terpenes and steroids. Extracts of Luffa cylindrica seed and leaf has shown to have anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic effects generally on alloxan induced diabetic rats. The study’s findings has shown that the plant possess hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic property and has supported the traditional use of Luffa cylindrica plant in the management of diabetes and its complications.

Evaluation of the anti-diabetic potential of aqueous extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum L. in vivo in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats

Diabetes Mellitus, the metabolic syndrome where the body either fails to produce or effectively utilize insulin, is associated with chronic morbidity. While a definitive cure for the disease is lacking, with the modern medicine offering mainly the means to control the extent of the disease, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAMs) offers additional/alternate means to tackle the disease. On the other hand, the lack of evidenced medical practices is a lacuna in most of the traditional medical applications. Clerodendrum infortunatum.L (Lamiaceae family), a perennial shrub found in the tropics, has been known for its numerous pharmacological properties and is found as a constituent in many Ayurvedic and Siddha drugs, especially for skin and respiratory ailments. The plant has a noted potential as anti-hyperglycemic and has been found to be used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. However, evidence based evaluations have not been conducted on the anti-hyperglycemic effect of the plant, especially with respect to the general mode of intake, i.e, the aqueous form. In the current study, the aqueous extract of C. infortunatum (CI), was scientifically assessed for its effect on streptozotocin induced diabetes in Wistar albino rats. The diabetic rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each. For testing the efficacy of extracts, two groups were intra-orally provided with dosages of 200 mg/Kg and 400 mg/Kg of body weight of animals, respectively, of aqueous extracts of CI. Control groups were maintained for evaluation, which included vehicle control as well as with Glibenclamide, a standard anti-diabetic drug. The extracts at a dose of 400 mg/Kg body weight was found to be associated with significant amelioration of many of the diabetes induced conditions, suggesting that the plant extract could be a strong potential CAM candidate for therapeutic management of diabetes.

Exploring the potential of Mangifera indica leaves extract versus mangiferin for therapeutic application

There has been an alarming increase in the prevalence of diabetes in India and worldwide. As an alternative medicine to treat diabetes mellitus, many herbal extracts and bioactives are being assessed all over the world. One of the strategic approaches for diabetes management is to control gastrointestinal glucose production and its absorption into the blood stream. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of aqueous extract of Mangifera indica leaves (mango leaves) and to compare it with its main biomolecule (mangiferin). An in vitro method using carbohydrate metabolism (α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition) was performed. The concentrations required for 90% inhibition of enzymes activity were determined to investigate the relative potency of the extract and mangiferin. The results showed that mangiferin strongly inhibited both α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity, with much higher potency than Acarbose and mango leaves extract, while mango leaves extract showed higher anti-oxidant activity compared to mangiferin. The results also showed that mango leaves extract and mangiferin have a bright future in the therapy of diabetes mellitus. Such a comparison helps to evaluate whether the active biomolecules are playing a role or if the whole extract is required for the management of a disease. This would be beneficial in designing a proper process for utilization of natural medicines.

Anti-Diabetic Activity Of Aqueous Extract Of Pithecellobium Dulce Benth Fruit Peel On Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

The decoction of the Pithecellobium dulce fruit peel has been used for the control of diabetes mellitus in the traditional method adopted by the local people of northwest region of Tamil Nadu, India. The present study was carried out to investigate the anti-diabetic potential of aqueous extract of Pithecellobium dulce fruit peel by its oral administration (200 mg/kg) to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The levels of blood glucose, urine sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and reduced glutathione were increased significantly whereas the levels of plasma insulin, hexokinase, protein, liver glycogen, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were decreased in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and it was normalized after treatment of aqueous extract. Glibenclamide was used as the standard drug. These outcomes suggest that the aqueous extract possesses anti-diabetic activity and supports the traditional use of the Pithecellobium dulce fruit peel decoction as hypoglycemic agent.

Anti-diabetic Potential of the Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Ocimum Gratissimum (Labiatae) and Vernonia Amygdalina Del. (Compositae) in Diabetic–Induced Rabbit

The anti-diabetic potential of aqueous extracts of leaves of both Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina were investigated in rabbits. Ten female rabbits were grouped into five groups (1-5) of two rabbits each. Group 1 is the control. Groups (2-5) was alloxan induced diabetic. Group 3 was thentreated with 200mg/kg body wt. Ocimum gratissimum, group 4 was treated with 200mg/kg body wt. Vernonia amygdalina while group 5 was treated with 400mg/kg body wt. of b oth aqueous extracts in ratio 3: 1. The results showed a significant reduction in the plasma glucose in the treated rabbits.