Anti-dengue IgM Research Articles

IgG, IgM, and Nonstructural Protein 1 Response Profiles after Receipt of Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine TAK-003 in a Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial.

The profiles of vaccine-induced dengue antibodies may differ from those produced following natural infection and could potentially interfere with the interpretation of diagnostic tests. We assessed anti-dengue IgG and IgM antibodies, and nonstructural protein 1 antigen profiles in the serum of adults who received a single dose of the tetravalent dengue vaccine TAK-003 as either an initially developed high-dose formulation or the standard approved formulation in a phase 2 study in Singapore (#NCT02425098). Immunoglobulin G and IgM profiles during the first 30 days postvaccination varied by baseline serostatus (microneutralization assay). Nonstructural protein 1 antigen was not detected in the serum of any participants. Vaccine-induced IgG and IgM antibodies can affect serological confirmation of subsequent dengue infection in vaccinees. These results highlight the limitations of using serological tests for dengue diagnosis, particularly in a postvaccination setting, and emphasize the need for more sensitive antigen- and molecular-based testing for accurate dengue diagnosis.

Serosurveillance of dengue infection and correlation with mosquito pools for dengue virus positivity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu, India - A state-wide cross-sectional cluster randomized community-based study.

Dengue is a vector-borne viral disease impacting millions across the globe. Nevertheless, akin to many other diseases, reports indicated a decline in dengue incidence and seroprevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-22). This presumably could be attributed to reduced treatment-seeking rates, under-reporting, misdiagnosis, disrupted health services and reduced exposure to vectors due to lockdowns. Scientific evidence on dengue virus (DENV) disease during the COVID-19 pandemic is limited globally. A cross-sectional, randomized cluster sampling community-based survey was carried out to assess anti-dengue IgM and IgG and SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence across all 38 districts of Tamil Nadu, India. The prevalence of DENV in the Aedes mosquito pools during 2021 was analyzed and compared with previous and following years of vector surveillance for DENV by real-time PCR. Results implicate that both DENV-IgM and IgG seroprevalence and mosquito viral positivity were reduced across all the districts. A total of 13464 mosquito pools and 5577 human serum samples from 186 clusters were collected. Of these, 3·76% of mosquito pools were positive for DENV. In the human sera, 4·12% were positive for DENV IgM and 6·4% were positive for DENV IgG. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titres correlated with dengue seropositivity with a significant association whereas vaccination status significantly correlated with dengue IgM levels. Continuous monitoring of DENV seroprevalence, especially with the evolving variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and surge in COVID-19 cases will shed light on the transmission and therapeutic attributes of dengue infection.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Presenting with Acute Abdomen in a Non- Government Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

A 60-year-old diabetic and hypertensive post-menopausal lady, presented at a tertiary care Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh with severe abdominal pain in the right middle and lower abdomen, associated with oliguria for 1 day. She also gave history of having high grade fever and headache for 3 days, which subsided 2 days ago. On examination, she was afebrile, mildly dehydrated, tachycardic (PR- 110/min), hypotensive (BP- 90/60 mm Hg), Tourniquet Test was positive. Her abdomen was tense and diffusely tender, especially in the right middle and lower parts, bowel sound was present, no organomegaly or lump was found. S. Lipase was normal, Anti-dengue Antibody IgM and IgG were positive, CBC revealed Hemoglobin – 8.6 gm/dL, Hematocrit was raised- 52%, Platelet count was 16000/ microliter, Stool for OBT was negative, RBS- 16 mmol/L and Urine RME and ketone bodies was negative. A provisional diagnosis of Dengue Hemorrhagic fever with suspected intra- abdominal bleeding was made and she was shifted to ICU.

Significance of Serological Markers in Diagnosis of Acute Dengue Infection: 2021 Outbreak

Objective: To highlight the significance of Dengue anti-IgM and Dengue NS1 antigen in diagnosing Acute Dengue infection. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Virology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep to Nov 2021. Methodology: One hundred and fifty Dengue NS1-positive patients of either gender with age≥5 years were included. ELISA tested patients for detection of Dengue anti-IgM antibody. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and personal data of each patient. Results: Out of 150 dengue NS1 positive samples, 26(17%) were positive for dengue anti-IgM. In collected samples, Dengue serological markers (NS1 and anti-IgM) positivity was observed based on ‘the day of onset of symptoms. On days 1 and 2, 54 and 44 NS1 positive samples were collected, respectively, but no one was found positive for anti-IgM. Anti-IgM was detected on day-3 and onwards. 27% Dengue anti-IgM positivity was found on day-3, which increased gradually as the time of infection increased. On day four, it was 53%; on day 5, it was 55%; on day-6, it was 60%; on day 7, it was 75%; and on day 8, it was 100%. Conclusions: The findings of present study suggested that anti-Dengue IgM antibodies are less significant than the Dengue NS1 antigen in diagnosing acute dengue infection.

Hematological and Biochemical Profiles of Patients with Dengue Virus Infection in Lalitpur, Nepal

Dengue viral infection is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes genus, and it arises as a result of being bitten by mosquitoes that are carrying the virus. This infection induces a wide range of changes in the body’s immune system. Thus serological evaluation together with hematological and biochemical parameters in cases of dengue viral infection make an accurate clinical diagnosis. The main objective of this study was to study the serological, hematological, and biochemical parameters among patients infected with Dengue virus. A total of 102 blood samples were collected at Asrik Diagnostic Lab, Lalitpur during the period of August to October 2022. Samples were analyzed by following methods: hematological tests were done by coulter counter, Biochemical tests were done by fully automated analyzer and serological tests were done by ELISA. Of the 102 blood samples NS1 antigen was detected in 62 (60.9%) whereas anti-dengue IgM antibody was detected in 10 (9.8%). Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were present in 33 (53.1%) and 32 (51.6%) of the 62 NS1 positive samples, respectively. Of the 62 cases, only 16 samples were tested for the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Out of 16 samples, ALT and AST level were significantly higher in 11 (68.8%) and 14 (87.5%) positive cases, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant association between NS1 and IgM. It can be concluded that the investigation of leukocytes, thrombocytes, ALT, and AST helps to diagnose the dengue efficiently.

Circulating serotypes and genotypes of dengue virus in North India: An observational study.

This study reports observation on circulating serotypes and genotypes of Dengue Virus in North India. Serum samples were obtained from suspected cases of dengue referred to the virus diagnostic laboratory during 2014 to 2022. All samples were tested for anti-dengue virus IgM antibodies and NS1Ag by ELISA. NS1Ag positive samples were processed for serotyping and genotyping. Total 41,476 dengue suspected cases were referred to the laboratory of which 12,292 (29.6%) tested positive. Anti-Dengue Virus IgM antibodies, NS1Ag, both IgM and NS1Ag, were positive in 7007 (57.4%); 3200 (26.0%) and 2085 (16.0%) cases respectively. Total 762 strains were serotyped during 9-year period. DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 serotypes were found in 79 (10.37%), 506 (66.40%), 151 (19.82%) and 26 (3.41%) cases respectively. DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3 were in circulation throughout. Total 105 strains were genotyped. Genotype IV of DENV-1 serotype was circulating till 2014 which was later replaced by genotype V. A distinct seasonality with increase in number of cases in post-monsoon period was seen. DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3 were found to be in circulation in North India. Predominant serotype/genotype changed at times, but not at regular intervals.

Dried Serum Samples for Antibody Detection in Arthropod-Borne Virus Infections Are an Effective Alternative to Serum Samples.

The disease burden of arthropod-borne infections is particularly high in low- and middle-income countries, where the availability of resources for surveillance and testing is limited. The lack of local infrastructure demands that biological samples be sent to central laboratories by refrigerated transport, which increases costs and the risk of sample degradation. Dried blood spot samples are an alternative for ensuring sample integrity during transportation and storage. They can be used for the detection of nucleic acids and proteins, such as antigens or antibodies. Here, we compared anti-chikungunya IgM, anti-dengue IgM, anti-dengue IgG, and anti-Zika IgG detection between paired serum and dried serum samples (DSSs); the agreement between results was found to be 90.6%, 94.1%, 85.9%, and 95.5%, respectively, indicating a strong correlation. Our results suggest that DSSs provide a reliable alternative for detection of specific antibodies in arthropod-borne infections.

Impact of apoptotic biomarkers for prognosis of dengue disease severity among eastern Indian patients.

Dengue virus (DENV) induced severe manifestations is a precursor for fatality among infected patients. Previous autopsy examinations of severe dengue (SD) patients reported presence of apoptotic cells in liver, brain, intestinal and lung tissues. Thus, serum-level of major apoptotic proteins of dengue patients was evaluated in the current study, along with their biochemical parameters. Patients were categorized according to World Health Organization (WHO)-defined classification. DENV-infection was screened among 165 symptomatic patients by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, antidengue IgM, and IgG ELISA. Serum levels of apoptotic (Capase-3,7,8, Bcl-2 and FasL) and hepatic-markers, lipid profile, hematological parameters of 78 dengue-positive patients were determined by sandwich-ELISA/immunoturbidimetry/auto-analyzer. Significantly higher levels of caspase-3,7,8 and FasL was detected among SD patients compared to those without warning (WOW) signs. Amongst biochemical parameters, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase serum concentrations significantly increased among severe patients. Principal component analysis followed by hierarchical clustering differentiated severe and with warning dengue patient groups from those WOW using caspase-3,7,8 and FasL biomarkers-thus clearly distinguishing severe-dengue group. Correlation analyses also established strong positive correlation between caspase-3,7,8 and FasL. Thus, serum level of caspase-3,7,8 and FasL during early stage of infection could be used as biomarkers for WHO-defined dengue disease severity.

Dengue and Malaria Coinfection in An Overweight Child

Background: Dengue and malaria are infectious diseases transmitted by mosquitos mainly in tropical countries, including Indonesia, but there are only a few cases where both diseases are endemic in the same region. Malaria is difficult to diagnose in a dengue-endemic area due to the similar clinical symptoms. As a result, it can be misdiagnosed and affect treatment, resulting in a negative outcome. Case Presentation: This study presented a case of dengue and malaria coinfection in a 14-year-old overweight boy who was admitted to the hospital with fever, shivers, and a severe headache. Microscopic examination showed several form of Plasmodium falciparum’s trophozoite ring (Fig 1). Laboratories test showed a low thrombocyte level, 79.000/µL, hematocrit of 43.8%, serologic anti-dengue IgM was negative, and anti-dengue IgG was positive. Dengue therapy was administered in accordance with the World Health Organization's Dengue Diagnosis Guidelines, as well as the antimalarial drugs dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and primaquine. There was no bleeding or shock during the five days of treatment, and no severe malaria complications were discovered. The patient was discharged with an improved general condition and normal hematological results. Conclusion: This paper aimed to emphasize the significance of early detection and appropriate management of dengue and malaria co-infection in dengue endemic areas in order to achieve a positive outcome and prevent complications.

ST-elevation myocardial infarction, severe cardiogenic shock, and myocarditis secondary to leptospirosis: A rare case report

Background: Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection that can lead to several organ dysfunctions. However, cardiac involvements in leptospirosis are uncommon findings. The unknown pathogenesis and association between leptospirosis and cardiac involvements can lead to a diagnostic challenge and case rarity. This study aims to report a diagnosis challenge through physical and laboratory examination of a patient with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and myocarditis without common leptospiral-associated organ dysfunction features. We also report the therapeutic strategies in this case, despite its clinical guideline limitation. Case: A 35-year-old male patient came to the emergency department with flu-like symptoms. Twenty-four hours later, the patient showed acute angina, STEMI, and elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin followed by cardiogenic shock without significant modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for heart diseases. The patient received fibrinolytic, supportive therapy and correction of hemodynamic derangement. We found thrombocytopenia on the second day. Surprisingly, the immunoserology showed positive anti-leptospira IgM and negative anti-dengue IgM and IgG. Further, there was echocardiography suspected myocarditis due to high echogenicity in the left ventricle's basal-apical lateral endocardium. Thus, we diagnosed this case as leptospirosis with cardiac involvement. Direct cardiac tissue damage due to systemic vasculitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine storm is believed to be pathomechanism in leptospirosis with cardiac involvement. After diagnosis establishment, his final therapies in the hospital were Aspirin, Atorvastatin, Clopidogrel, Spironolactone, Ramipril, Carvedilol, Omeprazole, Doxycycline, and Ceftriaxone. Subsequently, he was discharged from hospital and continued to receive cardiovascular medications, antibiotics, antiplatelet, potassium-sparing diuretics, and omeprazole. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of thorough clinical-laboratory evaluation in a patient with an atypical leptospiral presentation. Although leptospirosis is not a common cause of heart diseases such as STEMI, cardiogenic shock, and myocarditis, we recommend supportive therapy and correction of hemodynamic derangement for leptospirosis with cardiac involvement, in addition to leptospiral antibiotic drug itself.

Dengue Shock Syndrome Unusual Appearance With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Case Report

Background: Dengue and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have recently become endemic in various tropical countries. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a clinical manifestation of COVID-19 with a life-threatening syndrome of hyperinflammation, multiorgan failure, and shock, and it closely resembles the manifestations of severe dengue. Many attempts have been made in research to differentiate the two. Here we aims to describe a case of a patient with dengue coinfection with MIS-C. Case Presentation: A 17-year-old woman came in a state of shock, with cold extremities, fever, jaundice, shortness of breath, acute abdominal pain, and hematuria, decreased urine output. Further investigations reveal increased parameters of hepato-renal organ damage, c-reactive protein, and anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG). Patient was positive for anti-dengue IgM and IgG, but negative for COVID-19 based on SARS-CoV-2 antigen and polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the possibility of dengue coinfection and MIS-C co-occurring, causing the patient to develop a hyperinflammatory syndrome and clinical deterioration.

Spontaneous haemorrhagic stroke associated with expanded dengue syndrome: a case report

The term "expanded dengue syndrome" was introduced to describe the severe clinical manifestations that result from dengue fever (DF), namely severe multi-organ involvement including disorders of the nervous system. Neurological complications occur in 1-5% of dengue patients, including haemorrhagic stroke. A 68-year-old man presented with complaints of full-body convulsions for 1 minute. Four days earlier the patient complained of headache, fever, and nausea. Non-contrast CT scan of the head showed abnormal hyperdense lesions with focal intraparenchymal oedema in the frontoparietoocipital region, cortical sulci and gyri appeared dilated, ventricular system and sisterna were dilated. Anti-dengue IgG and IgM were positive. Neuropathogenesis that may play an important role in dengue-related neurological syndromes include direct CNS invasion by the virus, autoimmune reactions, and metabolic changes. The diagnosis of neurological complications related to dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) requires special attention, especially for areas where DF is still endemic.

Performance of VIDAS® Diagnostic Tests for the Automated Detection of Dengue Virus NS1 Antigen and of Anti-Dengue Virus IgM and IgG Antibodies: A Multicentre, International Study

Dengue is a serious mosquito-transmitted disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV). Rapid and reliable diagnosis of DENV infection is urgently needed in dengue-endemic regions. We describe here the performance evaluation of the CE-marked VIDAS® dengue immunoassays developed for the automated detection of DENV NS1 antigen and anti-DENV IgM and IgG antibodies. A multicenter concordance study was conducted in 1296 patients from dengue-endemic regions in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. VIDAS® dengue results were compared to those of competitor enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The VIDAS® dengue assays showed high precision (CV ≤ 10.7%) and limited cross-reactivity (≤15.4%) with other infections. VIDAS® DENGUE NS1 Ag showed high positive and negative percent agreement (92.8% PPA and 91.7% NPA) in acute patients within 0-5 days of symptom onset. VIDAS® Anti-DENGUE IgM and IgG showed a moderate-to-high concordance with ELISA (74.8% to 90.6%) in post-acute and recovery patients. PPA was further improved in combined VIDAS® NS1/IgM (96.4% in 0-5 days acute patients) and IgM/IgG (91.9% in post-acute patients) tests. Altogether, the VIDAS® dengue NS1, IgM, and IgG assays performed well, either alone or in combination, and should be suitable for the accurate diagnosis of DENV infection in dengue-endemic regions.

Investigation of Dengue Infection in Asymptomatic Individuals during a Recent Outbreak in La Réunion.

The number of dengue cases has increased dramatically over the past 20 years and is an important concern, particularly as the trends toward urbanization continue. While the majority of dengue cases are thought to be asymptomatic, it is unknown to what extent these contribute to transmission. A better understanding of their importance would help to guide control efforts. In 2019, a dengue outbreak in La Reunion resulted in more than 18,000 confirmed cases. Between October 2019 and August 2020, 19 clusters were investigated in the south, west, and east of the island, enabling the recruitment of 605 participants from 368 households within a 200 m radius of the home of the index cases (ICs). No active asymptomatic infections confirmed by RT-PCR were detected. Only 15% were possible asymptomatic dengue infections detected by the presence of anti-dengue IgM antibodies. Only 5.3% of the participants had a recent dengue infection confirmed by RT-PCR. Although the resurgence of dengue in La Réunion is very recent (2016), the rate of anti-dengue IgG positivity, a marker of past infections, was already high at 43% in this study. Dengue transmission was focal in time and space, as most cases were detected within a 100-m radius of the ICs, and within a time interval of less than 7 days between infections detected in a same cluster. No particular demographic or socio-cultural characteristics were associated with dengue infections. On the other hand, environmental risk factors such as type of housing or presence of rubbish in the streets were associated with dengue infections.

Detection of dengue virus serotype 4 in Sudan.

Dengue virus infection is spreading globally and most parts of Sudan have witnessed repeated dengue outbreaks, with the detection of DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3 serotypes. In this report we describe the dengue fever outbreaks that occurred in eastern Sudan (Kassala and Port Sudan cities) from August to November 2019. We enrolled 79 (29.8%) suspected cases from Kassala and 186 (70.2%) from Port Sudan who presented with fever. The participants were medically examined and their clinical signs recorded. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count, detection of anti-dengue virus IgM, detection of NS1 dengue antigen and identification of the virus serotype using RT-PCR. The main clinical presentations were fever, abdominal pain, joint pain and vomiting, and thrombocytopenia was the main laboratory finding. One hundred and twenty-five blood samples tested positive for the anti-dengue IgM antibody, and 145 were positive for the NS1 antigen. Using RT-PCR, we identified 35 (24%) infections with DENV-2, 100 (69%) with DENV-3 and 10 (7%) with DENV-4 serotypes. We identified multiple serotypes - DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 - as the causes of the outbreak. The presence of DENV-4 serotype was documented for the first time in Sudan.

Serum biomarkers and anti-flavivirus antibodies at presentation as indicators of severe dengue.

Dengue is the most common vector-borne viral disease worldwide. Most cases are mild, but some evolve into severe dengue (SD), with high lethality. Therefore, it is important to identify biomarkers of severe disease to improve outcomes and judiciously utilize resources. One hundred forty-five confirmed dengue cases (median age, 42; range <1-91 years), enrolled from February 2018 to March 2020, were selected from an ongoing study of suspected arboviral infections in metropolitan Asunción, Paraguay. Cases included dengue virus types 1, 2, and 4, and severity was categorized according to the 2009 World Health Organization guidelines. Testing for anti-dengue virus IgM and IgG and serum biomarkers (lipopolysaccharide binding protein and chymase) was performed on acute-phase sera in plate-based ELISAs; in addition, a multiplex ELISA platform was used to measure anti-dengue virus and anti-Zika virus IgM and IgG. Complete blood counts and chemistries were performed at the discretion of the care team. Age, gender, and pre-existing comorbidities were associated with SD vs. dengue with/without warning signs in logistic regression with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.07 (per year; 95% confidence interval, 1.03, 1.11), 0.20 (female; 0.05,0.77), and 2.09 (presence; 1.26, 3.48) respectively. In binary logistic regression, for every unit increase in anti-DENV IgG in the multiplex platform, odds of SD increased by 2.54 (1.19-5.42). Platelet count, lymphocyte percent, and elevated chymase were associated with SD in a combined logistic regression model with ORs of 0.99 (1,000/μL; 0.98,0.999), 0.92 (%; 0.86,0.98), and 1.17 (mg/mL; 1.03,1.33) respectively. Multiple, readily available factors were associated with SD in this population. These findings will aid in the early detection of potentially severe dengue cases and inform the development of new prognostics for use in acute-phase and serial samples from dengue cases.

Classification of Naive Bayes Algorithm on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Typhoid Fever Based on Hematology Results

The application of increasing technology developed explicitly in the health field would significantly have an urgent role in guaranteeing quality service. Application deep data mining techniques classifier method, one among them used for classify something possibility, for example for classification disease. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a disease caused by the dengue virus biting the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Meanwhile, Typhoid Fever is a disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. The second disease could attack all types of circles, fine children or mature ones. The second disease is almost the same symptom, so a proper diagnosis is needed to differentiate it. Study this applies the Naive Bayes algorithm to classify Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Typhoid Fever using 250 yield data test blood routine hematology at Tugurejo Hospital. Attributes used in the study, age, type sex, temperature, leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, anti-dengue IgG, anti-dengue IgM, salmonella typhi o and salmonella Typhi h. The Naïve Bayes method is one of the techniques that can be used to perform analysis in determining the diagnostic results from a number of data studied with the aim of producing optimal results. The use of the Naïve Bayes method in this application is due to the probability that the accuracy value of the Nave Bayes method is close to the accuracy value of the experts.[12] The results of testing the Naive Bayes method using a confusion matrix show Recall value is 97.62%, Precision is 93.89%, accuracy is 93.33%, and Error Rate is 6 %. It can be concluded that this method is suitable for classifying Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Typhoid Fever and can be applied in studying this.

Seroepidemiological Study of Dengue Virus Infection Suspected Cases in Burkina Faso

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by four related but antigenically distinct dengue viruses. In the last half-century, the prevalence of dengue fever has increased dramatically (up to 30%) worldwide, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Burkina Faso, the last dengue epidemic occurred in 2016, and the epidemiological situation is still poorly documented at the national level. Therefore, the present study aimed to conduct a sentinel seroepidemiology of suspected dengue virus infections from 2017 to 2020 at Charles de Gaulle University Pediatric Hospital Center of Ouagadougou. This investigation was designed to be a descriptive and analytical study. Patients with suspected cases of dengue fever were recruited from January 2017 to December 2020 during general medicine consultation and referred to Charles de Gaulle University Pediatric Hospital Center of Ouagadougou for the serological diagnosis of dengue. Venous blood was collected in dry or EDTA tubes and tested for DENV NS1 antigen, anti-dengue IgM, and anti-dengue IgG using SD Bioline Dengue Duo Rapid Detection Kit (Standard Diagnostic Inc., Korea). A total of 3400 blood samples from clinically suspected dengue cases were analyzed, of which 1784 (52.5%) were males, and 1616 (47.5%) were females. Among the 3400 patients included in the study, 661 (19.4%) were tested at least positive for NS1 antigen, anti-dengue IgM or anti-IgG. Among them, individuals positive for IgG suggesting past dengue virus infection were found in more than a third of 262 (7.7%) of the cases. Approximately, 80.0% (2705/3400) dengue suspected cases and 85.5% (341/399) early or primary dengue infections were recorded in the last four months of the study (September to December 2020), with a peak in mid-October and mid-November. There was no statistically significant difference in seroprevalence between males and females (p = 0.7), but an increasing seropositivity trend with age, from 11.6% for the patient under 5 years group to 39.7% for 30 years and over age group were noted. This study puts in evidence a considerable level of transmission of dengue viruses in Burkina Faso and provides baseline seroprevalence data. The recurrent outbreaks of dengue infection in multiple geographical areas need comprehensive surveillance and a diagnostic system to identify the actual burden and pinpoint the risk factors. A larger study is, therefore, needed to determine the actual prevalence of dengue in Burkina Faso and map the serotypes.

Trends in dengue virus infection with seasonal variation at a tertiary care centre, Mangaluru: A retrospective study

: Dengue is currently the second most prevalent vector borne disease in the world. Dengue fever and its more serious forms, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome are becoming important public health problems. Since there is no immunoprophylaxis or specific antiviral therapy available, clinico-microbiological diagnosis plays a vital role in patient management and implementation of control measures. : To identify dengue seropositive patients by NS1 antigen and anti-dengue IgM antibody detection by ELISA and correlate the changes in epidemiology. A retrospective study was performed for a period of 5 years from January 2017 to December 2021 in A.J Institute of Medical Sciences &amp; Research Centre, Mangaluru. 1871 seropositive cases of all age groups admitted in the medical wards were included. Rapid immunochromatography test and ELISA was performed to detect NS1 antigen and IgM antibodies. Platelet count and total leucocyte count were also analysed. : Out of 14656, 1871 samples (12.75%) were positive for dengue. Higher rate of cases were in males and the age group of 21 to 30 years were chiefly affected. 1158(61.89%) were positive for NS1 antigen and total positive cases for IgM antibody was 530(28.32%). About 183 (9.79%) cases were positive for both NS1 antigen and IgM antibody. An increase in the prevalence of dengue was recorded during the month of June to October. The present study indicates a decline in dengue infection from 2020 which may be attributable to preventive and control measures provided by the health care workers besides having increased awareness among people. The decline may also may be due to the outbreak of SARS –Cov-2 in December 2019, which led to under diagnosis of dengue cases.

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the accuracy of rapid immunochromatographic tests for dengue diagnosis.

Rapid immunochromatographic tests are frequently used to diagnose dengue due to their easy use, low cost, and fast response. A high level of accuracy is essential for rapid diagnostic tests to support their large-scale use. Thus, this systematic review aims to evaluate the accuracy of rapid dengue diagnostic tests. The investigation was run through the following databases: LILACS, Medline (Pubmed), CRD, The Cochrane Library, Trip Medical Database, and Google Scholar. To solve difficulties, two independent reviewers performed document screening and selection. ELISA assay was adopted as a reference test because of several methodologic advantages. Seventeen articles were included accordingly, reckoning 6837 participating individuals. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Forest Plot were conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity for each analyzed parameter (anti-dengue IgM, IgG, and NS1 antigen). The risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed as moderate using QUADAS-2 and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), respectively. The sensitivity of IgM concerning the studied tests ranged from 13.8 to 90%, while that of NS1 ranged from 14.7 to 100% (95% CI). The antibodies with NS1 presented increased sensitivity; pooled data show that the association of the three analytes bestows the best result, with a combined sensitivity of 90% (CI 95%: 87-92%) and a pooled specificity of 89% (CI 95%: 87-92%). Thus, the present review provides relevant knowledge for decision-making between available rapid diagnostic tests.