Anticlockwise Direction Research Articles

CONTROL VORTEX POSITION IN A VERTICAL TUBE TO REDUC SPRAY DEFECTS AND REVAMPING SIX-SIGMA IMAGE VERIFICATION TOOL

Ideal-Standard factory sever from disturbance in covering Bathtubs with chemical painting liquid, this liquid must cover all surfaces by the same thickness, but the vortex appeared in the liquid make a bubbles cause a defect in the painting process. The repairing of this defect consumes more than 60% of spraying process time. The vortex must be controlled by determine vortex position to guarantee equal liquid distribution on bathtubs surfaces. Vortex flows are subject to a number of major structural changes involving very large disturbances when a characteristic ratio of azimuthally to axial velocity components is varied. This problem led to push liquid in the painting gun with different pressures, this difference is generate unbalance covers of chemical liquid on a Bathtubs. This phenomenon is one of the hydrodynamic instability problems led to spot burn bathtubs and reduce bathtubs resists against heating circumstances. The results revealed that there are a total of three distinct modes of the disruption of the vortex core as Reynolds number ( Re ) and circulation number ( Ω ) of the flow were varied. The position was found to be dependent on both Re and Ω of the flow. Whereas, for all Re values an increase in Ω always results in moving the vortex position upstream for all Re values. The vortex position values are smaller for anti-clockwise flow direction than that, when vanes were set at clockwise flow direction for long and short tube

Dynamics of Big Bubble (BB) formation in DALK: in vitro studies

AbstractPurpose Dua’s layer (DL) has considerable relevance to DALK procedure and the hitherto clinically observed but unexplained formation of Types 1, 2 and mixed BB. In this study we explored the dynamics of the formation of different types of BBMethods 50 human sclerocorneal discs were injected with air under BSS and recorded. Videos were studied for leakage of air and formation of BB. Height and diameter of BB were measured. Specimens were subjected to electron microscopy and immunohistology for collagens & matricellular proteins. Age ranged from 3wk‐80yrResults Air injected in the cornea preferentially reached the limbus and moved circumferentially in a clockwise & anticlockwise direction as bands of 2‐3mm till they met, irrespective of direction of needle tip. The air then migrated centripetally to fill the stroma. Air leaked from the TM area at one or more points. Small bubbles formed in the centre and coalesced into a Type‐1BB. This rapidly expanded to attain a height of 5mm and a diameter of ≤9mm. The anterior stomal wall of Type‐1BB showed multiple 'holes' through which air leaked to lift DL. DL was impervious to air. Type‐2BB always started at the periphery. Distinct pores were seen in the peripheral stroma of DL. Most of these were located distal to attachment of DM and explained the leakage of air from TM. Some were located centrally to the attachment and explained formation of Type‐2BB. More than 80% of BB were Type‐1 Immunohistology did not offer an explanation for DL being impervious to airConclusion DL is a distinct part of the surgical anatomy of the cornea. Identification of pores in DL periphery is novel and explains the formation of a Type‐2BB and the clinical observation of appearance of air in AC during DALK. Leakage is not through the TM

Graph theoretical representation of atomic asymmetry and molecular chirality of benzenoids in two-dimensional space.

In order to explore atomic asymmetry and molecular chirality in 2D space, benzenoids composed of 3 to 11 hexagons in 2D space were enumerated in our laboratory. These benzenoids are regarded as planar connected polyhexes and have no internal holes; that is, their internal regions are filled with hexagons. The produced dataset was composed of 357,968 benzenoids, including more than 14 million atoms. Rather than simply labeling the huge number of atoms as being either symmetric or asymmetric, this investigation aims at exploring a quantitative graph theoretical descriptor of atomic asymmetry. Based on the particular characteristics in the 2D plane, we suggested the weighted atomic sum as the descriptor of atomic asymmetry. This descriptor is measured by circulating around the molecule going in opposite directions. The investigation demonstrates that the weighted atomic sums are superior to the previously reported quantitative descriptor, atomic sums. The investigation of quantitative descriptors also reveals that the most asymmetric atom is in a structure with a spiral ring with the convex shape going in clockwise direction and concave shape going in anticlockwise direction from the atom. Based on weighted atomic sums, a weighted F index is introduced to quantitatively represent molecular chirality in the plane, rather than merely regarding benzenoids as being either chiral or achiral. By validating with enumerated benzenoids, the results indicate that the weighted F indexes were in accordance with their chiral classification (achiral or chiral) over the whole benzenoids dataset. Furthermore, weighted F indexes were superior to previously available descriptors. Benzenoids possess a variety of shapes and can be extended to practically represent any shape in 2D space—our proposed descriptor has thus the potential to be a general method to represent 2D molecular chirality based on the difference between clockwise and anticlockwise sums around a molecule.

Restoration of optimal left ventricular apical geometry and rotation following surgical ventricular restoration using rectangular patch plasty technique: a pilot study using cardiac magnetic resonance.

Clinical outcomes of surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) have been confirmed by Registry data. Accurate assessment of left ventricular (LV) morphology and function can help optimize these outcomes. LV remodelling in 7 patients (NYHA class 3 ± 1.2) with post-myocardial infarction LV aneurysms was characterized by the regional LV volume (RLVV) computed by dividing the LV in cine steady-state free precession cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) at each slice level into six radial segments. Rotation of the LV apex and base was analysed using tagged CMR. The apical conicity ratio was used to characterize the restored apical geometry. The mean end-diastolic volume (EDV) was 174.8 ± 100.3 ml and the mean ejection fraction (EF) was 18.8 ± 7.8%. Following SVR, all patients had significant clinical improvements (NYHA Class I), and significant increases in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to 38.8 ± 4.4%. The LV volumes and regional volumes at the base and apex decreased with a trend towards significance. The mean preoperative apical conicity ratio (ACR) was 1.90 ± 0.43 and, following SVR by endoventricular linear patch plasty (EVLPP), was 1.35 ± 0.3 (P = 0.02). The percent decrease in the ACR following SVR from baseline was 28.68 ± 10.98%. The apical EF increased from 1.19 ± 13.9 to 15.8 ± 8.2% (P = 0.028). The basal rotations improved from 3.13 ± 2.1 to 4.69 ± 2.94° (P = 0.04). The apical rotations also improved significantly from 2.48 ± 1.23 to 3.93 ± 2.45° (P = 0.05) and reversed to the normal anticlockwise direction. SVR by geometric repair using a rectangular intracavitary patch helps restoration of a physiological apex with normalization of apical rotation reflecting a near-physiological LV function.

Modification and Actuator Minimization of the Hip Leg Joint in a Bipedal Robot: A Proposed Design

In recent times, there have been numeric applications of Biped Robots. In this paper, a proposed upper leg hip design of a biped was developed taking cost reduction and optimization as factors for consideration. The proposed system introduces a novel method which consists of a vibration reduction (VR) DC stepper motor, microcontroller, microprocessor and gearing arrangement. The program in the microprocessor is so designed that it gives a fixed number of cycles/steps to the VR DC stepper motor in clockwise and thereafter in anti-clockwise direction. This turning movement can then be transmitted to the gearing system which precisely moves one upper leg when the VR DC stepper motor moves in clockwise direction, while the other upper leg remains static, and vice-versa. It has been observed that this new proposed system may reduce the cost overhead, weight and the energy consumption incurred by working on a single VR DC stepper motor while conventionally two stepper motors are used to give the motion of the two upper legs in a biped.

Target Inference on Evaluation of Angle Oriented Cluster

In general, any field consists of unnecessary data. Several algorithms exist to remove unwanted data because it cannot seal to this processes. Research Scholars are still studying to complete this work. For Instance, face recognition system suffers in-depth pose verification problem over the last few decades. To solve this problem we used angle orientation technique. It consists of various angles of input images (same person with different direction) to compare with the database image. To remove needless data i.e., unsupervised image is the best solution to recognize a target inference. So with this idea we are attempting a small approach for this kind of applications. In this paper, we introduced a ternary cluster relation on angle oriented images. Again, various angles of images form into three nested clusters in Clock wise and/or Anti-clock wise directions. In this, we used multivariate analysis technique to improve the quality of cluster with the help of evaluation of cluster and also statistical approaches of tackle outlier detection methodology and bootstrapping technique to find the target inference. The experimental results are produced on angle oriented cluster images to increase the performance using analysis of variance test.

ANALYSIS OF DESICCANT WHEEL WITH PURGE SECTOR FOR IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE USING A MATHEMATICAL MODEL

A mathematical model for predicting the performance of a desiccant wheel with purge sector has been used and heat and mass transfer for both moist air and the desiccant material have been considered. The model shows a good agreement with experimental results. Several studies have been done on using of purge sector in desiccant wheel. This paper also analyses the effect of purge sector by utilizing the output of purge air in regeneration and conduct a comparative performance analysis in both the directions of rotation (clockwise and anticlockwise) of desiccant wheel. It was found that for all the cases considered in this study like rotation of wheel, regeneration temperature, velocity and ambient moisture, the performance parameter results better in anticlockwise direction as compared to clockwise direction of rotation of the desiccant wheel. Mainly at low rph and low regeneration temperature effect of direction on the performance is more but at low ambient moisture and low velocity effect is less.

Au-coated tilted fiber Bragg grating twist sensor based on surface plasmon resonance

A fiber twist sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of an Au-coated tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) is proposed. The SPR response to the twist effect on an Au-coated TFBG (immersing in distilled water) is studied theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the transmission power around the wavelength of SPR changes with the twist angle. For the twist ranging from 0° to 180° in clockwise or anti-clockwise directions, the proposed sensor shows sensitivities of 0.037 dBm/° (S-polarized) and 0.039 dBm/° (P-polarized), which are almost 7.5 times higher than that of the current similar existing twist sensor.

Left Side First Approach in Nissen Procedure for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease; How We Do It

Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a major public health problem. The gold standard in the surgical treatment of this condition is the laparoscopic technique called Nissen fundoplication. Aim This paper presents a safer alternative of the laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication, with special focus on the most difficult moment of the intervention, the creation of a retroesophageal passage. Material and method (presentation of the surgical technique) The conventional Nissen technique consists of the dissection of the esogastric junction in a clockwise direction, right to left: right pillar, hiatus, left pillar, retroesophageal passage, skeletonization of the fornix and reconstruction of the valve. We decided to perform a technique inspired from laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, which starts in anti-clockwise direction, with the skeletonization of the upper third of the greater curvature of the stomach, then continues with the complete dissection of the left diaphragmatic pillar (left side first) and finally with the dissection of the right pillar and the creation of the retroesophageal passage, thus, the procedure becoming less complicated. A complete decollement of the area nuda is performed, this way avoiding possible complications at this stage, like: bleeding from the area nuda or short vessels, ruptures of the stomach, esophagus, spleen, penetrating the thoracic cavity with a retroesophageal clamp, etc. Results Introduced in 2011, this technique was applied with success in all 20 consecutive cases of hiatus hernia operated in our clinic. There were neither intraoperative accidents and conversions nor early or late postoperative complications. 19 cases were primary Nissen while one case was a recurrent hiatal hernia after an insufficient cruroplasty made in another center. There were three cases in which we had to use Parietene Composite type mesh to strengthen the cruroplasty. Conclusion The applied modification has improved the original laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication technique,

Neighboring and connectivity-aware routing in VANETs.

A novel position-based routing protocol anchor-based connectivity-aware routing (ACAR) for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is proposed in this paper to ensure connectivity of routes with more successfully delivered packets. Both buses and cars are considered as vehicular nodes running in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions in a city scenario. Both directions are taken into account for faster communication. ACAR is a hybrid protocol, using both the greedy forwarding approach and the store-carry-and-forward approach to minimize the packet drop rate on the basis of certain assumptions. Our solution to situations that occur when the network is sparse and when any (source or intermediate) node has left its initial position makes this protocol different from those existing in the literature. We consider only vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication in which both the source and destination nodes are moving vehicles. Also, no road-side units are considered. Finally, we compare our protocol with A-STAR (a plausible connectivity-aware routing protocol for city environments), and simulation results in NS-2 show improvement in the number of packets delivered to the destination using fewer hops. Also, we show that ACAR has more successfully-delivered long-distance packets with reasonable packet delay than A-STAR.

Control of heterointerface and strain mapping in Au catalyzed axial Si-Si1-xGex nanowires

ABSTRACTAxial heterostructure nanowires with Si and SiGe segments have been grown using Au metal seed as catalyst by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) via vapor-liquid-solid process (VLS). We report on the effect of growth intervention on the droplet stability which in turn modifies NW morphology and interfacial abruptness. Growth stop of 2 minutes on transition from one material to another have been demonstrated to suppress reservoir effect by Au catalyst. The two SiGe/Si and Si/SiGe heterointerfaces are found to be assymetric. The former being diffused while the latter one is sharp. Furthermore, geometric phase analysis reports elastic deformation at the heterointerface. Nanowire undergoes rotation in both clock and anticlockwise direction at their sidewalls with an angle of 2.5° in order to accommodate this strain.

Neuronal activation by acupuncture at Yongquan (KI1) and sham acupoints in patients with disorder of consciousness: a positron emission tomography study.

Neuronal activation by acupuncture at Yongquan (KI1) and sham acupoints in patients with disorder of consciousness: a positron emission tomography study.

Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a Series of Chiral Tweezer–Diamine Complexes Consisting of an Achiral Zinc(II) Bisporphyrin Host and Chiral Diamine Guest: Induction and Rationalization of Supramolecular Chirality

We report here the synthesis, structure, and spectroscopic properties of a series of supramolecular chiral 1:1 tweezer-diamine complexes consisting of an achiral Zn(II) bisporphyrin (Zn2DPO) host and five different chiral diamine guests, namely, (R)-diaminopropane (DAP), (1S,2S)-diaminocyclohexane (CHDA), (S)-phenylpropane diamine (PPDA), (S)-phenyl ethylenediamine (PEDA), and (1R,2R)-diphenylethylene diamine (DPEA). The solid-state structures are preserved in solution, as reflected in their (1)H NMR spectra, which also revealed the remarkably large upfield shifts of the NH2 guest protons with the order Zn2DPO·DAP > Zn2DPO·CHDA > Zn2DPO·PPDA> Zn2DPO·PEDA ≫ Zn2DPO·DPEA, which happens to be the order of binding constants of the respective diamines with Zn2DPO. As the bulk of the substituent at the chiral center of the guest ligand increases, the Zn-Nax distance of the tweezer-diamine complex also increases, which eventually lowers the binding of the guest ligand toward the host. Also, the angle between the two porphyrin rings gradually increases with increasing bulk of the guest in order to accommodate the guest within the bisporphyrin cavity with minimal steric clash. The notably high amplitude bisignate CD signal response by Zn2DPO·DAP, Zn2DPO·CHDA, and Zn2DPO·PPDA can be ascribed to the complex's high stability and the formation of a unidirectional screw as observed in the X-ray structures of the complexes. A relatively lower value of CD amplitude shown by Zn2DPO·PEDA is due to the lower stability of the complex. The projection of the diamine binding sites of the chiral guest would make the two porphyrin macrocycles oriented in either a clockwise or anticlockwise direction in order to minimize host-guest steric clash. In sharp contrast, Zn2DPO·DPEA shows a very low amplitude bisignate CD signal due to the presence of both left- (dictated by the pre-existing chirality of (1R,2R)-DPEA) and right-handed screws (dictated by the steric differentiation at the chiral center) of the molecule, as evident from X-ray crystallography. The present work demonstrates a full and unambiguous rationalization of the observed chirality transfer processes from the chiral guest to the achiral host.

Asymmetry and Contradiction of Mirror Misalignments Influence of Off-Axial Cylindrical Hybrid Resonator

The output fareld intensity distributions of o -axial cylindrical hybrid resonator with di erent mirror misalignments are simulated by coordinate transformation fast Fourier-transform algorithm. The simulations showed that the mirror misalignments in uence is di erent in anticlockwise and clockwise tilt direction. According to the calculation results, the output beam quality of o -axial unstable resonator is analyzed, from the aspects of M value and power in the bucket curves. Furthermore, the analysis brings out an interesting contradiction that the beam quality changing evaluated byM value is di erent from that by power in the bucket curves when the mirror misalignments occurred in anticlockwise direction. It demonstrated that the beam quality evaluation of o -axial unstable resonator should not be one-sided.

Geophysical investigation and hydrocarbon potential of Cankiri–Corum Basin, Turkey

The Cankiri–Corum Basin is one of the larger, onshore sedimentary basins in central Turkey. In this paper, the integration of geophysical data and geological findings in the Cankiri–Corum Basin was performed and they both present a complex basin structure. In the frame of geophysical study, two-dimensional (2D) models were constructed using gravity and magnetic anomalies. Seismic sections were interpreted and correlated with the 2D models using the borehole data as control. Basement depth, basin geometry and sources for magnetic anomalies along the 2D model profiles were determined in integration of seismic, gravity, aeromagnetic and borehole data. Seismic section CC-L-1 is correlated with the Topuzsaray-1 well. Tuffs and volcanic units penetrated in this well might be correlated across a reverse fault close to the borehole. Seismic sections, CC-L-2 and CC-L-3, are consistent with the gravity models at the deeper parts of the sections. On the other hand, there are inconsistencies in the shallow sections with the gravity models due to unexpected velocity variations in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The average depth of basement was found to be about 5 km by means of gravity modelling, which was correlated with the seismic sections. Magnetic anomalies are represented by intense values in the NW portion of the study area, but they indicate very low intensities in the middle of the map. A reverse magnetised body to the north of the study area was modelled in 2D along a profile and it was interpreted that this body might be an ophiolitic remnant. Polarities of many anomalies to the south and northeast of the region indicate remanent magnetisation. Alignment of the polarities extends in the northwest direction, indicating that the region rotated in the anticlockwise direction. Because there is around a 5 km sedimentary basin fill in the study area, it may exhibit hydrocarbon potential and the Yesilcat oil seep evidences this potential. Surface samples were collected to examine source rock potential and to correlate with the Yesilcat seep by analysing the organic geochemical properties. In this study, 72 samples were collected from different formations and it was found that the Yoncali Formation displays better source rock potential than the other formations studied.

Modal dynamics of self-excited azimuthal instabilities in an annular combustion chamber

In this paper we describe the time-varying amplitude and its relation to the global heat release rate of self-excited azimuthal instabilities in a simple annular combustor operating under atmospheric conditions. The combustor was modular in construction consisting of either 12, 15 or 18 equally spaced premixed bluff-body flames around a fixed circumference, enabling the effect of large-scale interactions between adjacent flames to be investigated. High-speed OH∗ chemiluminescence imaged from above the annulus and pressure measurements obtained at multiple locations around the annulus revealed that the limit cycles of the modes are degenerate in so much as they undergo continuous transitions between standing and spinning modes in both clockwise (CW) and anti-clockwise (ACW) directions but with the same resonant frequency. Similar behaviour has been observed in LES simulations which suggests that degenerate modes may be a characteristic feature of self-excited azimuthal instabilities in annular combustion chambers. By modelling the instabilities as two acoustic waves of time-varying amplitude travelling in opposite directions we demonstrate that there is a statistical prevalence for either standing m=1 or spinning m=±1 modes depending on flame spacing, equivalence ratio, and swirl configuration. Phase-averaged OH∗ chemiluminescence revealed a possible mechanism that drives the direction of the spinning modes under limit-cycle conditions for configurations with uniform swirl. By dividing the annulus into inner and outer annular regions it was found that the spin direction coincided with changes in the spatial distribution of the peak heat release rate relative to the direction of the bulk swirl induced along the annular walls. For standing wave modes it is shown that the globally integrated fluctuations in heat release rate vary in magnitude along the acoustic mode shape with negligible contributions at the pressure nodes and maximum contributions at the pressure anti-nodes.

The characteristics of secondary flows in compound channels with vegetated floodplains

The experiments were conducted in compound channels with vegetated floodplains for investigating the influence of vegetation types on the characteristics of secondary flows. In terms of the streamwise and transverse velocities and the depth-averaged velocity, the secondary flow coefficient, M, is proposed, with good physical meanings, and it may characterize the rotational direction and the intensity of the secondary currents. The experimental results show that, for the cases without vegetation and with grass, the rotational directions of the secondary flows are all anticlockwise while for the cases with shrubs, they are all changed to the clockwise direction in the whole cross-section. However, when trees are planted, the secondary flows rotate in the anticlockwise direction in the main channel and in the clockwise direction on the floodplain. In addition, for all cases, the intensities of the secondary currents on the floodplain are stronger than those in the main channel.

Dosimetry Investigation of MOSFET for Clinical IMRT Dose Verification

In IMRT, patient-specific dose verification is followed regularly at each centre. Simple and efficient dosimetry techniques play a very important role in routine clinical dosimetry QA. The MOSFET dosimeter offers several advantages over the conventional dosimeters such as its small detector size, immediate readout, immediate reuse, multiple point dose measurements. To use the MOSFET as routine clinical dosimetry system for pre-treatment dose verification in IMRT, a comprehensive set of experiments has been conducted, to investigate its linearity, reproducibility, dose rate effect and angular dependence for 6 MV x-ray beam. The MOSFETs shows a linear response with linearity coefficient of 0.992 for a dose range of 35 cGy to 427 cGy. The reproducibility of the MOSFET was measured by irradiating the MOSFET for ten consecutive irradiations in the dose range of 35 cGy to 427 cGy. The measured reproducibility of MOSFET was found to be within 4% up to 70 cGy and within 1.4% above 70 cGy. The dose rate effect on the MOSFET was investigated in the dose rate range 100 MU/min to 600 MU/min. The response of the MOSFET varies from -1.7% to 2.1%. The angular responses of the MOSFETs were measured at 10 degrees intervals from 90 to 270 degrees in an anticlockwise direction and normalized at gantry angle zero and it was found to be in the range of 0.98 ± 0.014 to 1.01 ± 0.014. The MOSFETs were calibrated in a phantom which was later used for IMRT verification. The measured calibration coefficients were found to be 1 mV/cGy and 2.995 mV/cGy in standard and high sensitivity mode respectively. The MOSFETs were used for pre-treatment dose verification in IMRT. Nine dosimeters were used for each patient to measure the dose in different plane. The average variation between calculated and measured dose at any location was within 3%. Dose verification using MOSFET and IMRT phantom was found to quick and efficient and well suited for a busy radiotherapy department.

ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Motors: A Turn in the Right Direction

AbstractReview: 9 refs.

Testicular torsion in a normally descended testicle in a cat

Testicular torsion is rare in cats. This letter serves to report the unusual presentation of an asymptomatic and incidental finding of testicular torsion in a cat. A four- to five-month-old male cat was presented for routine castration. The cat was a stray cat rescued from a cat protection charity. The keeper did not notice any signs of illness and reported that the cat was well with normal behaviour and was eating and drinking normally. At physical examination, a small swelling in the left scrotum was noticed with mildly increased testicular size. Inflammation or pain on palpation of the region was not present. The temperature was normal and physical examination otherwise unremarkable. The cat was admitted for a routine bilateral orchidectomy. On incision of the scrotum and vaginal tunic, the testicle appeared completely necrotic with an intense dark colour. The testicle was drawn caudally to expose the spermatic cord and was noted to be torsed in anticlockwise direction (Fig 1). Proximal to the torsion area, the spermatic cord was ligated with the cut gut 3-0 and the necrotic part was removed. A subcutaneous injection of 0·3 mg/kg meloxicam and a long acting amoxicillin-clavulanic acid preparation were administered. The cat recovered well and returned to the cattery later the same day. After surgery, the removed testicle was incised and macroscopically examined, when it was evident that there was generalized haemorragic necrosis of the tissue (Fig 2). Interestingly, the cat presented differently to reports in dogs and previously in cats (Pearson & Kelly 1975, Verstegen 1998, Graves 2006). The condition was not painful and signs of illness or discomfort were not noticed by the keeper or the veterinarian that examined the cat (Fig 3). This could be related to the fact that the torsion was long-standing rather than acute. This case serves to illustrate that testicular torsion is possible even in absence of pain or discomfort and can be presented as an incidental finding during routine castration. Antonio Giuliano Chase Vets, Eastbourne